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Article: Viral causes of diarrhea.

Goodgame, R W

Gastroenterology clinics of North America

2001 Volume 30, Issue 3, Page(s) 779–795

Abstract: Viruses are important causes of diarrhea. In healthy adults, the main clinical manifestation is acute, self-limited gastroenteritis. Advances in molecular diagnostics have shown that epidemics of acute gastroenteritis most frequently are due to ... ...

Abstract	Viruses are important causes of diarrhea. In healthy adults, the main clinical manifestation is acute, self-limited gastroenteritis. Advances in molecular diagnostics have shown that epidemics of acute gastroenteritis most frequently are due to caliciviruses spread through contaminated food or through person-to-person contact. Application of similar technology is needed to make a definitive statement about the role of such candidate viruses as rotavirus, astrovirus, and adenovirus as the cause of nonepidemic acute gastroenteritis in adults. Rarely a previously healthy adult gets acute CMV colitis. CMV and EBV mainly cause diarrhea in immunocompromised patients, however. Advances in prophylaxis and treatment have reduced the frequency and severity of these diseases. Acute infantile gastroenteritis is caused by rotavirus, calcivirus, astrovirus, and adenovirus. These viral diseases of the gut are seen by the physician as routine and rare clinical problems.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diarrhea/diagnosis ; Diarrhea/virology ; Humans ; Infant ; Middle Aged ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Virus Diseases/complications ; Virus Diseases/diagnosis
Language	English
Publishing date	2001-12-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	92114-2
ISSN	1558-1942 ; 0889-8553
ISSN (online)	1558-1942
ISSN	0889-8553
DOI	10.1016/s0889-8553(05)70210-7
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Article: Viral infections of the gastrointestinal tract.

Goodgame, R W

Current gastroenterology reports

1999 Volume 1, Issue 4, Page(s) 292–300

Abstract: Acute gastroenteritis is common in adults. It can occur in institutional epidemics or epidemics of food-borne illness; in these cases, caliciviruses are the major cause of the condition. When acute gastroenteritis occurs in nonepidemic form, its causes ... ...

Abstract	Acute gastroenteritis is common in adults. It can occur in institutional epidemics or epidemics of food-borne illness; in these cases, caliciviruses are the major cause of the condition. When acute gastroenteritis occurs in nonepidemic form, its causes are less clear. It may be due to caliciviruses or to the less common serotypes of childhood gastroenteritis viruses, such as rotavirus, astrovirus, and adenovirus. The pathogenesis of acute viral gastroenteritis is not completely understood. Old evidence suggests that mild villus damage is responsible, but new evidence indicates that active secretion and motility disturbance may be involved in the production of symptoms. Five common viruses can remain latent in gastrointestinal tissues and produce disease many years after initial infection. Two major herpesviruses, cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus, cause ulcerative disease of the gastrointestinal tract. This disease occurs in healthy persons but is more common and more severe in immunocompromised patients. Three other viruses--Epstein-Barr virus, human papilloma virus, and human herpesvirus-8--are implicated in benign and malignant proliferative diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Epstein-Barr virus has been associated with immunoproliferative disease after transplantation and may also cause small-bowel and colonic lymphoma in healthy adults. It causes most AIDS-related lymphomas. Human papillomaviruses cause anorectal condyloma and anal cancer. Human herpesvirus-8 causes gastrointestinal Kaposi sarcoma.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/drug therapy ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/epidemiology ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/virology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors ; Survival Rate ; United States/epidemiology ; Virus Diseases/diagnosis ; Virus Diseases/drug therapy ; Virus Diseases/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	1999-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2041376-2
ISSN	1522-8037
ISSN	1522-8037
DOI	10.1007/s11894-999-0112-5
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Article: How to treat the cytomegalovirus troll.

Goodgame, R W

The American journal of gastroenterology

1998 Volume 93, Issue 3, Page(s) 293–295

MeSH term(s)	AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/blood ; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy ; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/prevention & control ; Antiviral Agents/economics ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/blood ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/diagnosis ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/drug therapy ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/prevention & control ; DNA, Viral/analysis ; Foscarnet/economics ; Foscarnet/therapeutic use ; Ganciclovir/economics ; Ganciclovir/therapeutic use ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/blood ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/diagnosis ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/drug therapy ; Humans ; Recurrence ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents ; DNA, Viral ; Foscarnet (364P9RVW4X) ; Ganciclovir (P9G3CKZ4P5)
Language	English
Publishing date	1998-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comment ; Editorial
ZDB-ID	390122-1
ISSN	1572-0241 ; 0002-9270
ISSN (online)	1572-0241
ISSN	0002-9270
DOI	10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.291_2.x
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Article: Understanding intestinal spore-forming protozoa: cryptosporidia, microsporidia, isospora, and cyclospora.

Goodgame, R W

Annals of internal medicine

1996 Volume 124, Issue 4, Page(s) 429–441

Abstract: Objectives: To summarize recent information about the "new" gastrointestinal protozoal pathogens (cryptosporidia, microsporidia, isospora, and cyclospora) and to help practicing clinicians integrate this information into their clinical databases by ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: To summarize recent information about the "new" gastrointestinal protozoal pathogens (cryptosporidia, microsporidia, isospora, and cyclospora) and to help practicing clinicians integrate this information into their clinical databases by emphasizing the similarities among these organisms. Data sources: Relevant English-language articles published between 1988 and 1995 were identified through a MEDLINE search done using the names of the intestinal spore-forming protozoa. Articles cited in the bibliographies of these and other articles were searched manually. Study selection: Studies that contained information on the history, taxonomy, life cycle, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of the pathogens were reviewed. Data extraction: Cryptosporidium parvum, Isospora belli, Cyclospora cayetanensis, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, and Septata intestinalis are intestinal spore-forming protozoa that cause intracellular infections, predominantly in the epithelial cells of the intestine. They are transmitted either by stool from person to person or through contaminated water or food by an infectious particle called a spore or oocyst. Asymptomatic infections occur; the most common symptom of infection is diarrhea. Infections have been associated with intestinal inflammation, disordered architecture (such as villus blunting), and abnormal function (for example, malabsorption). Mild to moderate, self-limited diarrhea is common in healthy persons, but patients with immune dysfunction can have severe intestinal injury and prolonged diarrhea. Diagnosis is made by a microscopic examination of the stool and the use of appropriate staining techniques. Effective antibiotic treatment for prolonged infection in immunocompromised patients is available for most of these infections. Conclusions: The intestinal spore-forming protozoa are four frequently identified gastrointestinal pathogens that have important similarities in epidemiology, disease pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Coccidiosis/epidemiology ; Cryptosporidiosis/epidemiology ; Cryptosporidium/physiology ; Eucoccidiida/physiology ; Eukaryota/classification ; Eukaryota/pathogenicity ; Eukaryota/physiology ; Humans ; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology ; Intestines/microbiology ; Isospora/physiology ; Microsporida/physiology ; Protozoan Infections/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	1996-02-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	336-0
ISSN	1539-3704 ; 0003-4819
ISSN (online)	1539-3704
ISSN	0003-4819
DOI	10.7326/0003-4819-124-4-199602150-00008
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Article: Gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus disease.

Goodgame, R W

Annals of internal medicine

1993 Volume 119, Issue 9, Page(s) 924–935

Abstract: Objective: To describe the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease, the types and locations of gastrointestinal lesions, the clinical settings in which they occur, and the specific methods available to diagnose and treat the ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To describe the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease, the types and locations of gastrointestinal lesions, the clinical settings in which they occur, and the specific methods available to diagnose and treat the disease. Data sources: Relevant English-language articles were identified through a MEDLINE search from 1985 to 1992. Articles referenced in the bibliographies of these articles and others were searched by hand. Study selection: All articles that documented the occurrence of gastrointestinal CMV infection in humans, based on the finding of typical cytomegalic cells in histologic specimens, were selected for review. Data extraction: Studies were grouped by content pertaining to pathogenesis, clinical setting, gastrointestinal location, diagnosis, or treatment. Data synthesis: Gastrointestinal CMV disease is an erosive or ulcerative process that can occur at any location in the gastrointestinal tract, from mouth to rectum. Cytomegalovirus infection of columnar epithelial cells, endothelial cells, myocytes, and fibroblasts causes tissue destruction and ulceration. Serious CMV disease most frequently occurs with immune deficiency, such as the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, after organ transplantation, after cancer chemotherapy, and after steroid therapy. Symptoms and signs depend on which part of the gastrointestinal tract is involved. Diagnosis depends on a positive mucosal biopsy that shows the presence of CMV by histopathologic or other techniques. In patients with persistent immune deficiency, progressive intestinal disease and death are frequent. Treatment with ganciclovir or foscarnet often heals intestinal lesions. Conclusions: Internists should be aware of the various clinical settings and locations in the gastrointestinal tract in which CMV disease occurs. Patients with immune deficiency and gastrointestinal signs and symptoms should have imaging tests and mucosal biopsies to investigate the possibility of CMV intestinal disease. Treatment with antiviral chemotherapy improves outcome in many patients.
MeSH term(s)	Cytomegalovirus Infections/diagnosis ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/drug therapy ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/microbiology ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/microbiology ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host
Language	English
Publishing date	1993-11-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	336-0
ISSN	1539-3704 ; 0003-4819
ISSN (online)	1539-3704
ISSN	0003-4819
DOI	10.7326/0003-4819-119-9-199311010-00010
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Article: AIDS in Uganda--clinical and social features.

Goodgame, R W

The New England journal of medicine

1990 Volume 323, Issue 6, Page(s) 383–389

MeSH term(s)	Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology ; Humans ; Uganda/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	1990-08-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	207154-x
ISSN	1533-4406 ; 0028-4793
ISSN (online)	1533-4406
ISSN	0028-4793
DOI	10.1056/NEJM199008093230605
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Article: Interactions between phytase and xylanase enzymes in male broiler chicks fed phosphorus-deficient diets from 1 to 18 days of age.

Karimi, A / Coto, C / Mussini, F / Goodgame, S / Lu, C / Yuan, J / Bedford, M R / Waldroup, P W

Poultry science

2013 Volume 92, Issue 7, Page(s) 1818–1823

Abstract: A total of 735 one-day-old male broiler chicks were used to evaluate the interactions between different levels of phytase and xylanase enzymes on performance and bone mineralization. Basal nonphytate P (nPP)-deficient diets (0.15%) were supplemented with ...

Abstract	A total of 735 one-day-old male broiler chicks were used to evaluate the interactions between different levels of phytase and xylanase enzymes on performance and bone mineralization. Basal nonphytate P (nPP)-deficient diets (0.15%) were supplemented with different levels of phytase [0X, 1X, 2X, 3X, and 4X of recommended level (X = 500 phytase units per kg of feed)] alone or in combination with 3 levels of a xylanase preparation [0X, 1X, and 2X of recommended level (X = 0.1 g per kg of feed; a mixture with predominantly xylanase activity)]. A standard curve was developed using different levels of nPP (0.15 to 0.45%) to estimate the P equivalency of each enzyme combination. Treatments were replicated with 7 pens of 5 chicks each. The findings indicated that reducing dietary nPP level had a severely negative influence on bird performance and bone ash content. Results also showed that increasing levels of phytase significantly (P < 0.05) improved BW, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, mortality, and toe and tibia bone ash contents in a dose-dependent fashion. The P equivalency of phytase was also dose dependent, with estimates of 0.08, 0.11, 0.15, and 0.19 for 1X, 2X, 3X, and 4X supplementation levels of phytase, respectively. Xylanase preparation at 1X level failed to influence measured criterion; however, increasing the level of xylanase (2X) resulted in deteriorating BW and feed conversion ratio. The P equivalency of xylanase preparation at 1X and 2X was estimated as 0.010 and 0.014%. There were no interactions between phytase and xylanase preparation (P > 0.05). In conclusion, phytase was effective in improving bird performance and bone mineralization; however, xylanase supplementation failed to enhance phytase efficacy.
MeSH term(s)	6-Phytase/metabolism ; 6-Phytase/pharmacokinetics ; 6-Phytase/pharmacology ; Animal Feed/analysis ; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Animals ; Chickens ; Diet/veterinary ; Male ; Phosphorus/chemistry ; Phosphorus/deficiency ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Phosphorus, Dietary/administration & dosage ; Phosphorus, Dietary/analysis ; Xylosidases/metabolism ; Xylosidases/pharmacokinetics ; Xylosidases/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Phosphorus, Dietary ; Phosphorus (27YLU75U4W) ; 6-Phytase (EC 3.1.3.26) ; Xylosidases (EC 3.2.1.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-05-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	242586-5
ISSN	1525-3171 ; 0032-5791
ISSN (online)	1525-3171
ISSN	0032-5791
DOI	10.3382/ps.2012-02818
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Article: AIDS in Uganda - Clinical and social features

Goodgame, R. W.

New England J. Medicine

1990 Volume 323, Issue 6, Page(s) 383–389

Institution	1 Baylor Plaza, Rm. 533D, USA-Houston, TX 77030 Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Section, Baylor College of Medicine
Keywords	AIDS ; Uganda ; HIV-Infektion ; Praevalenz ; Kontrolle ; Programm
Language	English
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	207154-x
ISSN	1533-4406 ; 0028-4793
ISSN (online)	1533-4406
ISSN	0028-4793
Database	Social Medicine (SOMED)

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Article: Manometry in classic and vigorous achalasia.

Goodgame, R W / Graham, D Y

Gastroenterology

1992 Volume 103, Issue 6, Page(s) 1993

MeSH term(s)	Esophageal Achalasia/physiopathology ; Esophagus/physiopathology ; Humans ; Manometry
Language	English
Publishing date	1992-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comment ; Letter
ZDB-ID	80112-4
ISSN	1528-0012 ; 0016-5085
ISSN (online)	1528-0012
ISSN	0016-5085
DOI	10.1016/0016-5085(92)91478-m
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Article: Interactions between phytase and xylanase enzymes in male broiler chicks fed phosphorus-deficient diets from 1 to 18 days of age

Karimi, A. / Coto, C. / Mussini, F. / Goodgame, S. / Lu, C. / Yuan, J. / Bedford, M. R. / Waldroup, P. W.

Poultry science

2013 Volume 92, Issue 7, Page(s) 1818

Language	English
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	242586-5
ISSN	0032-5791
Database	Current Contents Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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