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Article ; Online: Administration of Exendin-4 but not CCK alters lick responses and trial initiation to sucrose and intralipid during brief-access tests.

Treesukosol, Yada / Moran, Timothy H

2022 Volume 47

Abstract: ... procedure in food-restricted male rats in response to i.p. administration of Ex-4 (3Â h before test), CCK ...

Abstract	Administration of cholecystokinin (CCK) or the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist Exendin-4 (Ex-4) reduces food intake. Findings in the literature suggest CCK reduces intake primarily as a satiety signal whereas GLP-1 may play a role in both satiety and reward-related feeding signals. Compounds that humans describe as âsweetâ and âfattyâ are palatable yet are signaled via separate transduction pathways. Here, unconditioned lick responses to sucrose and intralipid were measured in a brief-access lick procedure in food-restricted male rats in response to i.p. administration of Ex-4 (3Â h before test), CCK (30Â min before test), or a combination of both. The current experimental design measures lick responses to water and varying concentrations of both sucrose (0.03, 0.1, and 0.5 M) and intralipid (0.2%, 2%, and 20%) during 10-s trials across a 30-min single test session. This design minimized postingestive influences. Compared with saline-injected controls, CCK (1.0, 3.0, or 6.0 Âµg/kg) did not change lick responses to sucrose or intralipid. Number of trials initiated and lick responses to both sucrose and intralipid were reduced in rats injected with 3.0 Âµg/kg, but not 1.0 Âµg/kg Ex-4. The supplement of CCK did not alter lick responses or trials initiated compared with Ex-4 administration alone. These findings support a role for GLP-1 but not CCK in the oral responsiveness to palatable stimuli. Furthermore, Ex-4-induced reductions were observed for both sucrose and intralipid, compounds representing âsweetâ and âfat,â respectively.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cholecystokinin/pharmacology ; Eating ; Emulsions ; Exenatide/pharmacology ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/pharmacology ; Male ; Phospholipids ; Rats ; Soybean Oil ; Sucrose/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Emulsions ; Phospholipids ; soybean oil, phospholipid emulsion ; Sucrose (57-50-1) ; Soybean Oil (8001-22-7) ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (89750-14-1) ; Cholecystokinin (9011-97-6) ; Exenatide (9P1872D4OL)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	754122-3
ISSN	1464-3553 ; 0379-864X
ISSN (online)	1464-3553
ISSN	0379-864X
DOI	10.1093/chemse/bjac004
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Article ; Online: Gastrointestinal peptides in eating-related disorders.

Smith, Kimberly R / Moran, Timothy H

Physiology & behavior

2021 Volume 238, Page(s) 113456

Abstract: Food intake is tightly controlled by homeostatic signals sensitive to metabolic need for the regulation of body weight. This review focuses on the peripherally-secreted gastrointestinal peptides (i.e., ghrelin, cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide 1, ... ...

Abstract	Food intake is tightly controlled by homeostatic signals sensitive to metabolic need for the regulation of body weight. This review focuses on the peripherally-secreted gastrointestinal peptides (i.e., ghrelin, cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide 1, and peptide tyrosine tyrosine) that contribute to the control of appetite and discusses how these peptides or the signals arising from their release are disrupted in eating-related disorders across the weight spectrum, namely anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and obesity, and whether they are normalized following weight restoration or weight loss treatment. Further, the role of gut peptides in the pathogenesis and treatment response in human weight conditions as identified by rodent models are discussed. Lastly, we review the incretin- and hormone-based pharmacotherapies available for the treatment of obesity and eating-related disorders.
MeSH term(s)	Appetite ; Cholecystokinin ; Eating ; Ghrelin ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 ; Peptide YY
Chemical Substances	Ghrelin ; Peptide YY (106388-42-5) ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (89750-14-1) ; Cholecystokinin (9011-97-6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	3907-x
ISSN	1873-507X ; 0031-9384
ISSN (online)	1873-507X
ISSN	0031-9384
DOI	10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113456
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Article ; Online: Timing matters: The contribution of running during different periods of the light/dark cycle to susceptibility to activity-based anorexia in rats.

Aston, S Andrew / Caffo, Brian S / Bhasin, Harshit / Moran, Timothy H / Tamashiro, Kellie L

Physiology & behavior

2023 Volume 271, Page(s) 114349

Abstract: Individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) exhibit dangerous weight loss due to restricted eating and hyperactivity. Those with AN are predominantly women and most cases have an age of onset during adolescence. Activity-based anorexia (ABA) is a rodent ... ...

Abstract	Individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) exhibit dangerous weight loss due to restricted eating and hyperactivity. Those with AN are predominantly women and most cases have an age of onset during adolescence. Activity-based anorexia (ABA) is a rodent behavioral paradigm that recapitulates many of the features of AN including restricted food intake and hyperactivity, resulting in precipitous weight loss. In addition, there is enhanced sensitivity to the paradigm during adolescence. In ABA, animals are given time-restricted access to food and unlimited access to a running wheel. Under these conditions, most animals increase their running and decrease their food intake resulting in precipitous weight loss until they either die or researchers discontinue the paradigm. Some animals learn to balance their food intake and energy expenditure and are able to stabilize and eventually reverse their weight loss. For these studies, adolescent (postnatal day 33-42), female Sprague Dawley (n = 68) rats were placed under ABA conditions (unlimited access to a running wheel and 1.5 hrs access to food) until they either reached 25% body weight loss or for 7 days. 70.6% of subjects reached 25% body weight loss before 7 days and were designated susceptible to ABA while 29.4% animals were resistant to the paradigm and did not achieve the weight loss criterion. We used discrete time survival analysis to investigate the contribution of food intake and running behavior during distinct time periods both prior to and during ABA to the likelihood of reaching the weight loss criterion and dropping out of ABA. Our analyses revealed risk factors, including total running and dark cycle running, that increased the likelihood of dropping out of the paradigm, as well as protective factors, including age at the start of ABA, the percent of total running exhibited as food anticipatory activity (FAA), and food intake, that reduced the likelihood of dropping out. These measures had predictive value whether taken before or during exposure to ABA conditions. Our findings suggest that certain running and food intake behaviors may be indicative of a phenotype that predisposes animals to susceptibility to ABA. They also provide evidence that running during distinct time periods may reflect functioning of distinct neural circuitry and differentially influence susceptibility and resistance to the paradigm.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Rats ; Female ; Humans ; Animals ; Male ; Anorexia ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Motor Activity ; Disease Models, Animal ; Anorexia Nervosa ; Weight Loss ; Eating
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3907-x
ISSN	1873-507X ; 0031-9384
ISSN (online)	1873-507X
ISSN	0031-9384
DOI	10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114349
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Article ; Online: Modulation of receptor signaling by metabolic environment.

Johnson, Miranda D / Moran, Timothy H

The American journal of clinical nutrition

2017 Volume 106, Issue 2, Page(s) 437–438

MeSH term(s)	Cholecystokinin ; Phenotype ; Signal Transduction
Chemical Substances	Cholecystokinin (9011-97-6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-07-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	280048-2
ISSN	1938-3207 ; 0002-9165
ISSN (online)	1938-3207
ISSN	0002-9165
DOI	10.3945/ajcn.117.161554
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Article ; Online: Activity-based anorexia in adolescent female rats causes changes in brain mitochondrial dynamics.

Bhasin, Harshit / O'Brien, Shannon C / Cordner, Zachary A / Aston, S Andrew / Tamashiro, Kellie L K / Moran, Timothy H

Physiology & behavior

2023 Volume 261, Page(s) 114072

Abstract: Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality as well as a high rate of relapse. The molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of the disorder or the relapses are largely unknown. Patients with AN have been shown ... ...

Abstract	Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality as well as a high rate of relapse. The molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of the disorder or the relapses are largely unknown. Patients with AN have been shown to have increased oxidative stress, but its involvement in the development in the disease is unknown. We have previously shown that adolescent female rats undergoing the activity-based anorexia (ABA) paradigm also show signs of oxidative stress. Due to their role in the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondria are of high interest in diseases exhibiting oxidative stress. In this study, the impact of ABA on brain mitochondrial dynamics was examined. We found transient changes in the medial prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus, and hippocampus following 25% weight loss and changes in the amygdala at a 10-day weight recovery timepoint. These changes point towards damage in the mitochondria contributing to the oxidative stress.
MeSH term(s)	Rats ; Female ; Animals ; Anorexia ; Mitochondrial Dynamics ; Anorexia Nervosa ; Hippocampus ; Brain
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3907-x
ISSN	1873-507X ; 0031-9384
ISSN (online)	1873-507X
ISSN	0031-9384
DOI	10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.114072
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Article ; Online: Cross-Generalization Profile to Orosensory Stimuli of Rats Conditioned to Avoid a High Fat/High Sugar Diet.

Treesukosol, Yada / Moran, Timothy H

Chemical senses

2018 Volume 43, Issue 3, Page(s) 181–188

Abstract: The orosensory characteristics of a diet play a role in its acceptance and rejection. The current study was designed to investigate the gustatory components that contribute to the intake of a palatable, high-energy diet (HE; 45% calories from fat, 17% ... ...

Abstract	The orosensory characteristics of a diet play a role in its acceptance and rejection. The current study was designed to investigate the gustatory components that contribute to the intake of a palatable, high-energy diet (HE; 45% calories from fat, 17% calories from sucrose). Here, rats were conditioned to avoid HE diet by pairings with i.p. injections of LiCl to induce visceral malaise. Subsequently, the degree of generalization was tested to an array of taste compounds using a brief-access lick procedure (10-s trials, 30-min sessions). Compared to NaCl-injected controls, LiCl-injected rats suppressed licking response to 100% linoleic acid and 20% intralipid, and to a lesser extent 17% sucrose. There was more variability in the lick responses to sucrose among the LiCl-injected rats. Rats that tended to suppress licking responses to sucrose generalized this response to glucose, fructose and Na-saccharin but not to Polycose. In contrast, LiCl-injected rats did not significantly suppress lick responses to water, NaCl, citric acid, or quinine compared to controls rats. The brief access feature of this procedure, allows for behavioral measures when postingestive factors are minimized. These findings support a role for gustatory cues in the detection of high fat/high sugar diets. Furthermore, it appears that the fat component is a more salient orosensory feature of the HE diet.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Avoidance Learning/drug effects ; Avoidance Learning/physiology ; Conditioning, Classical ; Diet, High-Fat ; Dietary Carbohydrates/administration & dosage ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Lithium Chloride/administration & dosage ; Lithium Chloride/pharmacology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Chemical Substances	Dietary Carbohydrates ; Lithium Chloride (G4962QA067)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-02-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	754122-3
ISSN	1464-3553 ; 0379-864X
ISSN (online)	1464-3553
ISSN	0379-864X
DOI	10.1093/chemse/bjy005
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Article ; Online: Acute and long-lasting effects of adolescent fluoxetine exposure on feeding behavior in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Castro, Alexis L / Frankot, Michelle / Moran, Timothy H / Iñiguez, Sergio D / Treesukosol, Yada

Developmental psychobiology

2022 Volume 64, Issue 8, Page(s) e22345

Abstract: The antidepressant medication fluoxetine (FLX) is frequently prescribed for the management of mood-related illnesses in the adolescent population-yet its long-term neurobehavioral consequences are not understood. To investigate how juvenile FLX exposure ... ...

Abstract	The antidepressant medication fluoxetine (FLX) is frequently prescribed for the management of mood-related illnesses in the adolescent population-yet its long-term neurobehavioral consequences are not understood. To investigate how juvenile FLX exposure influences feeding behavior in adulthood, we conducted two experiments. In Experiment 1, adolescent male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered with 20 mg/kg/day FLX (postnatal day [PND] 35-49) and exposed to a binge access paradigm in adulthood (PND72+) to evaluate potential alterations for sweetened-fat preference. No long-term FLX-induced differences in preference for sweetened fat versus chow, nor total caloric intake, were noted; however, females displayed higher preference for sweetened fat compared to males. In Experiment 2, PND35 male rats received FLX (PND35-49) and were exposed to chronic variable stress (CVS) in adulthood (PND74-88). During treatment, FLX decreased body weight and intake (meal size), but not total meal number. Also, no differences in meal pattern parameters were observed after FLX completion. Likewise, no differences in meal pattern parameters to a palatable diet (45% fat, 17% sucrose) presented from PND74 to PND88, even after CVS, were observed. Our findings indicate that juvenile FLX reduces body weight gain acutely via reduced meal size intake; however, no long-term changes in ad libitum feeding behavior or binge access to a palatable stimulus are evident.
MeSH term(s)	Rats ; Male ; Female ; Animals ; Fluoxetine/pharmacology ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Feeding Behavior ; Diet ; Body Weight
Chemical Substances	Fluoxetine (01K63SUP8D)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	4107-5
ISSN	1098-2302 ; 0012-1630
ISSN (online)	1098-2302
ISSN	0012-1630
DOI	10.1002/dev.22345
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Article ; Online: Parental perceptions of body weight and appetite in infants and toddlers with cystic fibrosis.

Duck, Sarah Ann / Jansen, Elena / Papantoni, Afroditi / Sheltry, Aerial / Koinis-Mitchell, Daphne / D'Sa, Viren / Deoni, Sean / Moran, Timothy H / Findling, Robert L / Mogayzel, Peter J / Carnell, Susan

Appetite

2024 Volume 198, Page(s) 107357

Abstract: Nutritional status has clinical relevance and is a target of guidance to parents of children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Growth is routinely monitored in CF clinics but there is no standardized way of assessing appetitive behaviors or parents' perceptions ...

Abstract	Nutritional status has clinical relevance and is a target of guidance to parents of children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Growth is routinely monitored in CF clinics but there is no standardized way of assessing appetitive behaviors or parents' perceptions of their children's appetite. Greater understanding of these factors could improve clinical guidance regarding parent feeding behaviors. We therefore aimed to assess parent perceptions of child weight, and parent reports of child appetite using the Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire (BEBQ), in a sample of infants and toddlers with CF, compared with a community sample. We additionally assessed relationships of parent perceptions of child weight with parent feeding behaviors in the sample with CF. Anthropometric and questionnaire data were collected for 32 infants and toddlers with CF, as well as 193 infants and toddlers drawn from RESONANCE, a community cohort study. Parents perceived children with CF to be lower in weight than their actual weight, to a greater extent than was evident in the community sample. Parents who perceived their children with CF to be underweight vs. right weight reported greater slowness in eating on the BEBQ. Parents perceived children with CF to have greater slowness in eating and lower enjoyment of food, compared to parents of children in the community sample, independent of sample differences in child weight, age, and sex. Our results demonstrate the potential utility of the BEBQ in a clinical sample and suggest it may be helpful for clinicians to assess parents' perceptions of their child's weight and appetite to promote a fuller understanding of the child's nutritional status, facilitate appropriate feeding behaviors and alleviate unnecessary concerns.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1461347-5
ISSN	1095-8304 ; 0195-6663
ISSN (online)	1095-8304
ISSN	0195-6663
DOI	10.1016/j.appet.2024.107357
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Article: Gastrointestinal peptides in eating-related disorders

Smith, Kimberly R / Moran, Timothy H

Physiology & behavior. 2021 Sept. 01, v. 238

2021

Abstract	Food intake is tightly controlled by homeostatic signals sensitive to metabolic need for the regulation of body weight. This review focuses on the peripherally-secreted gastrointestinal peptides (i.e., ghrelin, cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide 1, and peptide tyrosine tyrosine) that contribute to the control of appetite and discusses how these peptides or the signals arising from their release are disrupted in eating-related disorders across the weight spectrum, namely anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and obesity, and whether they are normalized following weight restoration or weight loss treatment. Further, the role of gut peptides in the pathogenesis and treatment response in human weight conditions as identified by rodent models are discussed. Lastly, we review the incretin- and hormone-based pharmacotherapies available for the treatment of obesity and eating-related disorders.
Keywords	anorexia nervosa ; appetite ; behavior ; bulimia nervosa ; cholecystokinin ; drug therapy ; food intake ; gastrointestinal system ; ghrelin ; glucagon-like peptide 1 ; humans ; obesity ; pathogenesis ; rodents ; tyrosine ; weight loss
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0901
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	3907-x
ISSN	1873-507X ; 0031-9384
ISSN (online)	1873-507X
ISSN	0031-9384
DOI	10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113456
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Introduction to 100 Years of Psychiatry at Johns Hopkins.

DePaulo, J Raymond / Moran, Timothy H

The Journal of nervous and mental disease

2017 Volume 205, Issue 4, Page(s) 252

Language	English
Publishing date	2017-03-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3020-x
ISSN	1539-736X ; 0022-3018
ISSN (online)	1539-736X
ISSN	0022-3018
DOI	10.1097/NMD.0000000000000663
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