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Article ; Online: TRAUMA, VIOLENCE, & REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS.

McCauley, Heather L / Christl, Maria-Ernestina / DePrince, Anne P

Journal of trauma & dissociation : the official journal of the International Society for the Study of Dissociation (ISSD)

2023 Volume 24, Issue 4, Page(s) 445–452

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Reproductive Rights ; Violence
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Editorial
ISSN	1529-9740
ISSN (online)	1529-9740
DOI	10.1080/15299732.2023.2212401
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Article ; Online: Rape Myth Acceptance in a Community Sample of Adult Women in the Post #MeToo Era.

PettyJohn, Morgan E / Cary, Kyla M / McCauley, Heather L

Journal of interpersonal violence

2023 Volume 38, Issue 13-14, Page(s) 8211–8234

Abstract: Rape myth acceptance (RMA) is commonly targeted in anti-rape activism (e.g., the #MeToo Movement) and prevention work due to its association with perpetration, risk of victimization, survivor outcomes, and injustices in the criminal legal system. The 22- ... ...

Abstract	Rape myth acceptance (RMA) is commonly targeted in anti-rape activism (e.g., the #MeToo Movement) and prevention work due to its association with perpetration, risk of victimization, survivor outcomes, and injustices in the criminal legal system. The 22-item updated Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance (uIRMA) scale is a widely used, reliable measure for assessing this construct; however, it has primarily been validated within samples of U.S. college students. To assess the factor structure and reliability of this measure for community samples of adult women, we analyzed uIRMA data from 356 U.S. women (age 25-35) collected via CloudResearch's MTurk toolkit. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated high internal reliability for the overall scale (α = .92) and supported a five-factor structure (subscales: She Asked For It, He Didn't Mean To, He Didn't Mean To [Intoxication], It Wasn't Really Rape, She Lied) with good model fit. The rape myth ''He Didn't Mean To'' was most highly endorsed in the overall sample, while ''It Wasn't Really Rape'' was endorsed the least. Analyses of RMA and participant characteristics demonstrated that women identifying as politically conservative, religious (predominantly Christian), or heterosexual endorsed rape myth constructs at significantly higher rates. Education level, social media use, and victimization history yielded mixed findings across RMA subscales, while age, race/ethnicity, income level, and regional location showed no associations with RMA. Findings suggest the uIRMA is an appropriate measure of RMA in community samples of adult women; however, the field would benefit from more consistent administration of the scale (i.e., 19-item vs. 22-item version; directionality of Likert-type scale) to allow for comparability across time and samples. Rape prevention work should target ideological adherence to patriarchal and other oppressive belief systems which may represent a common underlying factor across groups of women showing higher endorsement of RMA.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Adult ; Female ; Reproducibility of Results ; Rape ; Crime Victims ; Students ; Illinois
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2028900-5
ISSN	1552-6518 ; 0886-2605
ISSN (online)	1552-6518
ISSN	0886-2605
DOI	10.1177/08862605231153893
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Article ; Online: Secondary Institutional Betrayal: Implications for Observing Mistreatment of Sexual Assault Survivors Secondhand.

PettyJohn, Morgan E / Kynn, Jax / Anderson, Grace K / McCauley, Heather L

Journal of interpersonal violence

2023 Volume 38, Issue 17-18, Page(s) 10127–10149

Abstract: Institutional betrayal has been used to describe the experiences of sexual assault survivors who are harmed by institutions which they rely on for safety or survival. This concept has primarily been studied in the context of survivors' direct ... ...

Abstract	Institutional betrayal has been used to describe the experiences of sexual assault survivors who are harmed by institutions which they rely on for safety or survival. This concept has primarily been studied in the context of survivors' direct relationships with institutions they are members of (e.g., universities, churches, military) and how the said institutions either failed to protect them or were unsupportive following their disclosure. Institutional betrayal can exacerbate negative mental and physical health outcomes for survivors, highlighting a need to hold institutions accountable for harm they cause. A limitation to this conceptualization is that many adults in the general public are not proximally connected to institutions (as they have historically been defined), and the majority of survivors do not formally report. Drawing on semi-structured interviews conducted with young women survivors (
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Female ; Betrayal ; Sex Offenses ; Military Personnel ; Crime Victims ; Survivors
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2028900-5
ISSN	1552-6518 ; 0886-2605
ISSN (online)	1552-6518
ISSN	0886-2605
DOI	10.1177/08862605231171414
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Article ; Online: Contextualizing Cisgender Women's Histories of Intimate Partner Violence Victimization With Men and Women.

McCauley, Heather L / Reid, Taylor A / Anderson, RaeAnn E / Ast, Roxanna / Zelazny, Sarah / Miller, Elizabeth

Violence against women

2023 Volume 29, Issue 15-16, Page(s) 3244–3262

Abstract: Sexual minoritized women (SMW) are more likely than exclusively heterosexual women to experience intimate partner violence (IPV). We conducted in-depth interviews with a clinic-based sample of plurisexual SMW ( ...

Abstract	Sexual minoritized women (SMW) are more likely than exclusively heterosexual women to experience intimate partner violence (IPV). We conducted in-depth interviews with a clinic-based sample of plurisexual SMW (
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Female ; Intimate Partner Violence/psychology ; Sexual Behavior/psychology ; Crime Victims ; Heterosexuality ; Gender Identity ; Risk Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2031375-5
ISSN	1552-8448 ; 1077-8012
ISSN (online)	1552-8448
ISSN	1077-8012
DOI	10.1177/10778012231199110
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Article ; Online: Exploring Survivor Experiences on Social Media in the #MeToo Era: Clinical Recommendations for Addressing Impacts on Mental Health and Relationships.

PettyJohn, Morgan E / Anderson, Grace / McCauley, Heather L

Journal of interpersonal violence

2021 Volume 37, Issue 21-22, Page(s) NP20677–NP20700

Abstract: Since the inception of the viral #MeToo Movement in 2017, news coverage of sexual assault incidents and related public discourse have become much more prevalent on social media platforms. While this hashtag activism has prompted important social ... ...

Abstract	Since the inception of the viral #MeToo Movement in 2017, news coverage of sexual assault incidents and related public discourse have become much more prevalent on social media platforms. While this hashtag activism has prompted important social discourse, little is known about how exposure to this type of trauma-related content affects survivors of sexual violence navigating these online spaces. To explore this phenomenon, we conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with young adult women survivors of sexual assault who regularly use social media (e.g., Facebook and Twitter). Participants were asked to reflect on sexual assault-related content (i.e., news stories and related public discourse) which they have observed on social media platforms. Thematic analysis of the qualitative data found survivors described (1) negative changes to their mental health and relationships in the face of these exposures, (2) certain types of content (e.g., rape culture narratives) which were particularly distressing to them, (3) how they coped with distress tied to this exposure, and (4) recommendations for clinicians on how to help survivors navigate social media in a healthier way. The present study is a first step toward understanding the impact of online social movements on trauma survivors and provides concrete clinical recommendations for therapists working with sexual assault survivors in this unique post-#MeToo context.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Rape/psychology ; Sex Offenses/psychology ; Social Media ; Survivors/psychology ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2028900-5
ISSN	1552-6518 ; 0886-2605
ISSN (online)	1552-6518
ISSN	0886-2605
DOI	10.1177/08862605211055079
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Article ; Online: Gender and Sexual Orientation Differences in Sexual Violence Knowledge, Prevention Behaviors, and Care-Seeking Behaviors.

Coulter, Robert W S / Szoko, Nicholas / Frankeberger, Jessica / Adams, Brian / Jones, Kelley A / Chugani, Carla D / Anderson, Jocelyn / Talis, Janine / McCauley, Heather L / Miller, Elizabeth

Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research

2024

Abstract: Sexual violence (SV) on college campuses disproportionately affects cisgender (nontransgender) women, sexual minorities (e.g., gays/lesbians, bisexuals), and gender minority (e.g., transgender/nonbinary) people. This study investigates gender and sexual ... ...

Abstract	Sexual violence (SV) on college campuses disproportionately affects cisgender (nontransgender) women, sexual minorities (e.g., gays/lesbians, bisexuals), and gender minority (e.g., transgender/nonbinary) people. This study investigates gender and sexual behavior differences in common SV intervention targets-SV-related knowledge, prevention behaviors, and care-seeking. We analyzed cross-sectional survey data, collected in 9/2015-3/2017, from 2202 students aged 18-24 years attending college health and counseling centers at 28 Pennsylvania and West Virginia campuses. Multivariable multilevel models tested gender and sexual behavior differences in SV history; recognition of SV; prevention behaviors (self-efficacy to obtain sexual consent, intentions to intervene, positive bystander behaviors); and care-seeking behaviors (knowledge of, self-efficacy to use, and actual use of SV services). Adjusting for lifetime exposure to SV, compared with cisgender men, cisgender women had higher recognition of SV and reproductive coercion, prevention behaviors, and care-seeking self-efficacy (beta range 0.19-1.36) and gender minority people had higher recognition of SV and intentions to intervene (beta range 0.33-0.61). Cisgender men with any same-gender sexual partners had higher SV knowledge (beta = 0.23) and self-efficacy to use SV services (beta = 0.52) than cisgender men with only opposite-gender partners. SV history did not explain these differences. Populations most vulnerable to SV generally have higher SV knowledge, prevention behaviors, and care-seeking behaviors than cisgender men with only opposite-gender sexual partners. Innovative SV intervention approaches are necessary to increase SV-related knowledge among heterosexual cisgender men and may need to target alternative mechanisms to effectively reduce inequities for sexual and gender minority people.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2251270-6
ISSN	1573-6695 ; 1389-4986
ISSN (online)	1573-6695
ISSN	1389-4986
DOI	10.1007/s11121-023-01640-z
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Article ; Online: Bystander Program Effectiveness to Reduce Violence and Violence Acceptance Within Sexual Minority Male and Female High School Students Using a Cluster RCT.

Coker, Ann L / Bush, Heather M / Clear, Emily R / Brancato, Candace J / McCauley, Heather L

Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research

2020 Volume 21, Issue 3, Page(s) 434–444

Abstract: Bystander interventions have been highlighted as promising strategies to reduce sexual violence and sexual harassment, yet their effectiveness for sexual minority youth remains largely unexamined in high schools' populations. This rigorous cluster ... ...

Abstract	Bystander interventions have been highlighted as promising strategies to reduce sexual violence and sexual harassment, yet their effectiveness for sexual minority youth remains largely unexamined in high schools' populations. This rigorous cluster randomized control trial addresses this gap by evaluating intervention effectiveness among sexual majority and minority students known be to at increased risk of sexual violence. Kentucky high schools were randomized to intervention or control conditions. In intervention schools, educators provided school-wide Green Dot presentations (phase 1) and intensive bystander training to student popular opinion leaders (phase 2). Each spring from 2010 to 2014, students attending 26 high schools completed anonymous surveys about violence acceptance and violent events. An analytic sample of 74,836 surveys with no missing data over the 5 years was available. Sexual violence acceptance scores declined significantly over time in intervention versus control schools among all but sexual minority males. This intervention was also associated with reductions in both perpetration and victimization of sexual violence, sexual harassment, and physical dating violence among sexual majority yet not sexual minority youth. Both sexual minority and majority youth experienced reductions in stalking victimization and perpetration associated with the intervention. In this large cluster randomized controlled trial, the bystander intervention appears to work best to reduce violence for sexual majority youth. Bystander programs may benefit from explicitly engaging sexual minority youth in intervention efforts or adapting intervention programs to include attitudes that shape the experience of sexual minority high school youth (e.g., homophobic teasing, homonegativity).
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Cluster Analysis ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Kentucky ; Male ; Program Evaluation ; Sex Offenses/prevention & control ; Sexual and Gender Minorities ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Violence/prevention & control
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2251270-6
ISSN	1573-6695 ; 1389-4986
ISSN (online)	1573-6695
ISSN	1389-4986
DOI	10.1007/s11121-019-01073-7
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Article ; Online: Gender Norms and Obesity: Incorporating Gender Norms Change Into Clinical Interventions.

Rofey, Dana L / Miller, Elizabeth / McCauley, Heather L

Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)

2016 Volume 24, Issue 2, Page(s) 280

Language	English
Publishing date	2016-01-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comment ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2230457-5
ISSN	1930-739X ; 1071-7323 ; 1930-7381
ISSN (online)	1930-739X
ISSN	1071-7323 ; 1930-7381
DOI	10.1002/oby.21407
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Article ; Online: "They are Assuming That We are Going to Accuse Them of Rape, and We are Assuming That They are Going to Rape us": A Developmental Perspective on Emerging Adults' Consent Conversations Post #MeToo.

Cary, Kyla M / Reid, Taylor A / PettyJohn, Morgan E / Maas, Megan K / McCauley, Heather L

Journal of interpersonal violence

2022 Volume 37, Issue 23-24, Page(s) NP22759–NP22783

Abstract: Prevalence of sexual assault remains high on American college campuses, and sexual consent education is lacking within school-based sexual health education programming. Much empirical research has aimed to reduce sexual violence through a deeper ... ...

Abstract	Prevalence of sexual assault remains high on American college campuses, and sexual consent education is lacking within school-based sexual health education programming. Much empirical research has aimed to reduce sexual violence through a deeper understanding of college students' perceptions of sexual consent. However, researchers have not yet examined the impact of broader social discourse, such as that initiated by the #MeToo movement, on emerging adults' conceptualizations of sexual consent. Gendered focus groups were conducted with 34 college students at a large midwestern university in spring of 2019. Qualitative analyses using a phenomenological framework revealed a developmental process of consent education shaped by socialized sexual scripts and public discourse of the #MeToo movement. Four distinct themes emerged: (1) Introductions to Consent in Childhood, (2) Lack of Sexual Consent Education in Adolescence, (3) The Nuanced College Context, and (4) Consent in the Era of #MeToo. Findings reveal that consent is introduced in childhood, outside the context of sexuality, but is generally not revisited within the context of sexual consent by parents or educators during adolescence, leaving media messaging and socialized sexual scripts to serve as guides for sexual consent. This lack of sexual consent education in adolescence then leaves emerging adults unprepared for nuanced sexual experiences in the college context and unable to critically engage with public discourse surrounding consent such as the #MeToo movement, which has caused both fearful and positive outcomes. Findings support the need for earlier and more comprehensive education about sexual consent in childhood and adolescence and the need for college sexual assault prevention programs to include further instruction on navigating ambiguous sexual consent experiences.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Humans ; Rape/prevention & control ; Rape/psychology ; Rape/statistics & numerical data ; Sex Offenses/prevention & control ; Sex Offenses/psychology ; Sex Offenses/statistics & numerical data ; Sexual Behavior/statistics & numerical data ; Students/psychology ; Students/statistics & numerical data ; Universities/statistics & numerical data ; Interpersonal Relations ; United States/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Focus Groups ; Health Education
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2028900-5
ISSN	1552-6518 ; 0886-2605
ISSN (online)	1552-6518
ISSN	0886-2605
DOI	10.1177/08862605211072181
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Article ; Online: Updates on adolescent dating and sexual violence prevention and intervention.

Miller, Elizabeth / Jones, Kelley A / McCauley, Heather L

Current opinion in pediatrics

2018 Volume 30, Issue 4, Page(s) 466–471

Abstract: Purpose of review: Dating and sexual violence victimization are not uncommon in early adolescence and increase in prevalence throughout adolescence into young adulthood with profound health and social consequences. Greater attention to what works in ... ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: Dating and sexual violence victimization are not uncommon in early adolescence and increase in prevalence throughout adolescence into young adulthood with profound health and social consequences. Greater attention to what works in prevention is needed to inform current policies and practices. Recent findings: Adolescent dating violence (ADV) and sexual violence victimization, including cyber dating abuse, are highly prevalent among adolescents. Studies have found sex category differences, with adolescent girls reporting more victimization than boys, particularly sexual violence. Sexual and gender minority youth also experience a higher prevalence of violence victimization than their heterosexual counterparts. Studies on risk factors include examinations of childhood adversities, exposure to sexually explicit material and substance use as well as the role of gender inequitable attitudes on violence perpetration. Recent prevention research includes examining the impact of bystander interventions and transforming gender norms. Summary: Recent ADV/ sexual violence research highlights both prevalence and modifiable risk and protective factors that may help reduce such violence. Practitioners caring for youth should consider ADV/ sexual violence when seeing patients (including those struggling with substance use and other behaviours that contribute to poor health) and not simply rely on screening tools to identify those suffering from ADV/ sexual violence.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior/psychology ; Bullying/prevention & control ; Bullying/psychology ; Bullying/statistics & numerical data ; Crime Victims/psychology ; Crime Victims/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Health Policy ; Humans ; Intimate Partner Violence/prevention & control ; Intimate Partner Violence/psychology ; Intimate Partner Violence/statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Sex Offenses/prevention & control ; Sex Offenses/psychology ; Sex Offenses/statistics & numerical data ; United States
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-05-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
ZDB-ID	1049374-8
ISSN	1531-698X ; 1040-8703
ISSN (online)	1531-698X
ISSN	1040-8703
DOI	10.1097/MOP.0000000000000637
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