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Article ; Online: Reply to R.C. Turkington et al.

Davies, Andrew R / Gossage, James A / Zylstra, Janine L / Mattsson, Fredrik / Lagergren, Jesper / Maisey, Nick / Smyth, Elizabeth C / Cunningham, David / Allum, William H / Mason, Robert C

Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

2015 Volume 33, Issue 9, Page(s) 1089–1090

MeSH term(s)	Adenocarcinoma/mortality ; Adenocarcinoma/pathology ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; Esophageal Neoplasms/mortality ; Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology ; Esophagogastric Junction ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods ; Stomach Neoplasms/mortality ; Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-03-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comment ; Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	604914-x
ISSN	1527-7755 ; 0732-183X
ISSN (online)	1527-7755
ISSN	0732-183X
DOI	10.1200/JCO.2014.59.9506
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Zs.A 1847: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 650: Show issues

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Article ; Online: A spatially explicit model for density that accounts for availability: a case study with Mojave desert tortoises

Zylstra, Erin R. / Allison, L. J. / Averill‐Murray, Roy C. / Landau, Vincent / Pope, Nathaniel S. / Steidl, Robert J.

Ecosphere. 2023 Mar., v. 14, no. 3 p.e4448-

2023

Abstract: Estimating population density and identifying those areas where density is changing through time are central to prioritizing conservation and management strategies. Obtaining reliable estimates of density and trends can be challenging, however, ... ...

Abstract	Estimating population density and identifying those areas where density is changing through time are central to prioritizing conservation and management strategies. Obtaining reliable estimates of density and trends can be challenging, however, especially for long‐lived species that are rare, have broad geographic distributions, and are difficult to detect reliably during field surveys. We developed a hierarchical model for distance‐sampling data that characterizes spatial variation in density at two scales and simultaneously estimates regional trends while accounting for variation in detection probability and availability across surveys. We applied the model to data collected over a 20‐year period (2001–2020) in an area that encompassed most of the geographic range of the Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii). Density of adult tortoises varied with multiple biotic and abiotic features, including topography, aspect, geology, and seasonal precipitation and temperature regimes. Across the entire period and study area, the density of adult tortoises decreased by an average of 1.8% per year (95% CI = −3.5% to −0.2%). Trends varied geographically, however, with the steepest declines in the western part of the range (−4.1%, −6.9% to −1.3%). Accounting for habitat loss across our study area, the abundance of this threatened species declined by an estimated 129,000 adults (36%) between 2001 and 2020. Our modeling approach extends traditional distance‐sampling frameworks by accounting for ecological and observational processes that could mask spatiotemporal variation in density and, at the same time, provides spatially explicit estimates to guide conservation and management strategies for tortoises and other rare species.
Keywords	Gopherus agassizii ; adults ; case studies ; geographical distribution ; habitat destruction ; models ; population density ; probability ; rare species ; temperature ; threatened species ; topography ; Mojave Desert
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-03
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2572257-8
ISSN	2150-8925
ISSN	2150-8925
DOI	10.1002/ecs2.4448
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Logging elevated the probability of high-severity fire in the 2019-20 Australian forest fires.

Lindenmayer, David B / Zylstra, Phil / Kooyman, Robert / Taylor, Chris / Ward, Michelle / Watson, James E M

Nature ecology & evolution

2022 Volume 6, Issue 5, Page(s) 533–535

MeSH term(s)	Australia ; Forestry ; Forests ; Probability ; Wildfires
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ISSN	2397-334X
ISSN (online)	2397-334X
DOI	10.1038/s41559-022-01717-y
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Article ; Online: Energy Principles of Scientific Breakeven in an Inertial Fusion Experiment.

Hurricane, O A / Callahan, D A / Casey, D T / Christopherson, A R / Kritcher, A L / Landen, O L / Maclaren, S A / Nora, R / Patel, P K / Ralph, J / Schlossberg, D / Springer, P T / Young, C V / Zylstra, A B

Physical review letters

2024 Volume 132, Issue 6, Page(s) 65103

Abstract: Fusion "scientific breakeven" (i.e., unity target gain G_{target}, total fusion energy out > laser energy input) has been achieved for the first time (here, G_{target}∼1.5). This Letter reports on the physics principles of the design changes that led to ... ...

Abstract	Fusion "scientific breakeven" (i.e., unity target gain G_{target}, total fusion energy out > laser energy input) has been achieved for the first time (here, G_{target}∼1.5). This Letter reports on the physics principles of the design changes that led to the first controlled fusion experiment, using laser indirect drive, on the National Ignition Facility to produce target gain greater than unity and exceeded the previously obtained conditions needed for ignition by the Lawson criterion. Key elements of the success came from reducing "coast time" (the time duration between the end of the laser pulse and implosion peak compression) and maximizing the internal energy delivered to the "hot spot" (the yield producing part of the fusion fuel). The link between coast time and maximally efficient conversion of kinetic energy into internal energy is explained. The energetics consequences of asymmetry and hydrodynamic-induced mixing were part of high-yield big radius implosion design experimental and design strategy. Herein, it is shown how asymmetry and mixing consolidate into one key relationship. It is shown that mixing distills into a kinetic energy cost similar to the impact of implosion asymmetry, shifting the threshold for ignition to higher implosion kinetic energy-a factor not normally included in most statements of the generalized Lawson criterion, but the key needed modifications clearly emerge.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.065103
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Article ; Online: A spatially explicit model for density that accounts for availability

Erin R. Zylstra / Linda J. Allison / Roy C. Averill‐Murray / Vincent Landau / Nathaniel S. Pope / Robert J. Steidl

Ecosphere, Vol 14, Iss 3, Pp n/a-n/a (2023)

a case study with Mojave desert tortoises

2023

Abstract: Abstract Estimating population density and identifying those areas where density is changing through time are central to prioritizing conservation and management strategies. Obtaining reliable estimates of density and trends can be challenging, however, ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Estimating population density and identifying those areas where density is changing through time are central to prioritizing conservation and management strategies. Obtaining reliable estimates of density and trends can be challenging, however, especially for long‐lived species that are rare, have broad geographic distributions, and are difficult to detect reliably during field surveys. We developed a hierarchical model for distance‐sampling data that characterizes spatial variation in density at two scales and simultaneously estimates regional trends while accounting for variation in detection probability and availability across surveys. We applied the model to data collected over a 20‐year period (2001–2020) in an area that encompassed most of the geographic range of the Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii). Density of adult tortoises varied with multiple biotic and abiotic features, including topography, aspect, geology, and seasonal precipitation and temperature regimes. Across the entire period and study area, the density of adult tortoises decreased by an average of 1.8% per year (95% CI = −3.5% to −0.2%). Trends varied geographically, however, with the steepest declines in the western part of the range (−4.1%, −6.9% to −1.3%). Accounting for habitat loss across our study area, the abundance of this threatened species declined by an estimated 129,000 adults (36%) between 2001 and 2020. Our modeling approach extends traditional distance‐sampling frameworks by accounting for ecological and observational processes that could mask spatiotemporal variation in density and, at the same time, provides spatially explicit estimates to guide conservation and management strategies for tortoises and other rare species.
Keywords	availability ; distance sampling ; Gopherus agassizii ; hierarchical model ; Mojave Desert ; population trends ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Laparoscopic-assisted left thoracoabdominal esophagectomy (LLTA): an innovative approach for locally advanced tumors of the gastroesophageal junction.

Reyhani, A / Zylstra, J / Davies, A R / Gossage, J A

Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus

2020 Volume 33, Issue 11

Abstract: ... Clavien-Dindo (C-D) 0 in 52.7% patients, C-D1 (1.4%), C-D2 (31.1%), C-D3a (5.4%), C-D4a (9.5%), and C-D5 ...

Abstract	Purpose: To report a novel approach for locally advanced tumors located at the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) using a laparoscopic abdominal phase and open left thoracotomy with the patient in a single right lateral decubitus position. Background: The standard open left thoracoabdominal approach offers excellent exposure and access to the GEJ and lower esophagus. It also involves a single position for the procedure, shortening the operation time. The disadvantages are a large incision, division of the costochondral junction, and a low-level thoracotomy. The laparoscopic-assisted left thoracoabdominal esophagectomy (LLTA) is performed with the patient in the same right lateral decubitus position, but initially rolled away from the operator at 45° allowing laparoscopic gastric mobilization and lymphadenectomy. The patient is then tilted back to the lateral position for the thoracic phase. An anterolateral left thoracotomy is performed through the higher fifth intercostal space allowing a high intrathoracic anastomosis, just below the aortic arch. No disruption of the costochondral junction is made. Methods: Consecutive patients selectively treated for locally advanced GEJ tumors with an LLTA approach between 2013 and 2019 were analyzed and compared to national standards (NOGCA). Results: This series of 74 consecutive patients had a mean age of 63 years. The median operation time was 235 minutes. The median inpatient stay was 10 days (NOGCA 9 [11-17]). The tumors were predominantly adenocarcinoma (95%) and located at the GEJ (92%). The majority were locally advanced T3 or T4 tumors. Postoperative morbidity was low, Clavien-Dindo (C-D) 0 in 52.7% patients, C-D1 (1.4%), C-D2 (31.1%), C-D3a (5.4%), C-D4a (9.5%), and C-D5 (1.4%). The median number of total lymph nodes (LN) excised was 28 (NOGCA >15); LN % yield ≥18 was 90% (NOGCA 82.5%). Positive nodes were located at the lesser-curve (40%), paraesophageal (32.4%), and subcarinal regions (2.7%). Positive circumferential resection margins (<1 mm) were present in 28.4% of resected specimens (NOGCA 25.1%). This is reflective of the high proportion T3/T4 tumors selected for this approach. Hospital and 30-day mortality was 1.4% (NOGCA 2.7%). Recurrence after LLTA was 25.7% (local 5.4%, systemic 17.6%, mixed 2.7%) at a median of 311 days (62-1,158). Conclusion: This series demonstrates a novel, safe, and reproducible approach for locally advanced cancer of the GEJ. It offers a better exposure of the hiatus than the right-sided approach and avoids division of the costochondral junction and low thoracotomy seen with the open left thoracoabdominal approach.
MeSH term(s)	Esophageal Neoplasms/surgery ; Esophagectomy ; Esophagogastric Junction/surgery ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Laparoscopy ; Lymph Node Excision ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639470-x
ISSN	1442-2050 ; 1120-8694
ISSN (online)	1442-2050
ISSN	1120-8694
DOI	10.1093/dote/doaa014
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Zs.A 2378: Show issues

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Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
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ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Article ; Online: Three-dimensional reconstruction of neutron, gamma-ray, and x-ray sources using a cylindrical-harmonics expansion.

Volegov, P L / Batha, S H / Fittinghoff, D N / Danly, C R / Geppert-Kleinrath, V / Wilde, C H / Zylstra, A B

The Review of scientific instruments

2021 Volume 92, Issue 3, Page(s) 33508

Abstract: Inertial confinement fusion capsule implosions produce neutron, gamma-ray, and x-ray emission, which are recorded by a variety of detectors, both time integrated and time resolved, to determine the performance of the implosion. Two-dimensional emission ... ...

Abstract	Inertial confinement fusion capsule implosions produce neutron, gamma-ray, and x-ray emission, which are recorded by a variety of detectors, both time integrated and time resolved, to determine the performance of the implosion. Two-dimensional emission images from multiple directions can now be combined to infer three-dimensional structures in the implosion, such as the distribution of thermonuclear fuel density, carbon ablator, and impurities. Because of the cost and complexity of the imaging systems, however, only a few measurements can be made, so reconstructions of the source must be made from a limited number of views. Here, a cylindrical-harmonics decomposition technique to reconstruct the three-dimensional object from two views in the same symmetry plane is presented. In the limit of zero order, this method recovers the Abel inversion method. The detailed algorithms used for this characterization and the resulting reconstructed neutron source from an experiment collected at the National Ignition Facility are presented.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	209865-9
ISSN	1089-7623 ; 0034-6748
ISSN (online)	1089-7623
ISSN	0034-6748
DOI	10.1063/5.0042860
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Article ; Online: Endoscopic tumour morphology impacts survival in adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus.

Knight, William R C / McEwen, Ricardo / Byrne, Ben E / Habib, Wais / Bott, Rebecca / Zylstra, Janine / Mahadeva, Ula / Gossage, James A

European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology

2020 Volume 46, Issue 12, Page(s) 2257–2261

Abstract: Background: Prognostication in oesophageal cancer on the basis of preoperative variables is challenging. Many of the accepted predictors of survival are only derived after surgical treatment and may be influenced by neoadjuvant therapy. This study aims ... ...

Abstract	Background: Prognostication in oesophageal cancer on the basis of preoperative variables is challenging. Many of the accepted predictors of survival are only derived after surgical treatment and may be influenced by neoadjuvant therapy. This study aims to explore the relationship between pre-treatment endoscopic tumour morphology and postoperative survival. Methods: Patients with endoscopic descriptions of tumours were identified from the prospectively managed databases including the OCCAMS database. Tumours were classified as exophytic, ulcerating or stenosing. Kaplan Meier survival analysis and multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to determine hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals. Results: 262 patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma undergoing potentially curative resection were pooled from St Thomas' Hospital (161) and the OCCAMS database (101). There were 70 ulcerating, 114 exophytic and 78 stenosing oesophageal adenocarcinomas. Initial tumour staging was similar across all groups (T3/4 tumours 71.4%, 70.2%, 74.4%). Median survival was 55 months, 51 months and 36 months respectively (p < 0.001). Rates of lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.0176), pathological nodal status (P = 0.0195) and pathological T stage (P = 0.0007) increased from ulcerating to exophytic to stenosing lesions. Resection margin positivity was 21.4% in ulcerating tumours compared to 54% in stenosing tumours (p < 0.001). When compared to stenosing lesions, exophytic and ulcerating lesions demonstrated a significant survival advantage on multivariable analysis (HR 0.56 95% CI 0.31-0.93, HR 0.42 95% CI 0.21-0.82). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that endoscopic morphology may be an important pre-treatment prognostic factor in oesophageal cancer. Ulcerating, exophytic and stenosing tumours may represent different pathological processes and tumour biology.
MeSH term(s)	Adenocarcinoma/pathology ; Adenocarcinoma/surgery ; Constriction, Pathologic/pathology ; Endoscopy, Digestive System ; Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology ; Esophageal Neoplasms/surgery ; Esophagectomy ; Esophagogastric Junction/pathology ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Lymph Nodes/pathology ; Margins of Excision ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Neoplasm Grading ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Staging ; Polyps/pathology ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Survival Rate ; Tumor Burden ; Ulcer/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632519-1
ISSN	1532-2157 ; 0748-7983
ISSN (online)	1532-2157
ISSN	0748-7983
DOI	10.1016/j.ejso.2020.07.003
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Zs.A 1149: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article: A spatially explicit hierarchical model to characterize population viability.

Campbell, Steven P / Zylstra, Erin R / Darst, Catherine R / Averill-Murray, Roy C / Steidl, Robert J

Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America

2018 Volume 28, Issue 8, Page(s) 2055–2065

Abstract: Many of the processes that govern the viability of animal populations vary spatially, yet population viability analyses (PVAs) that account explicitly for spatial variation are rare. We develop a PVA model that incorporates autocorrelation into the ... ...

Abstract	Many of the processes that govern the viability of animal populations vary spatially, yet population viability analyses (PVAs) that account explicitly for spatial variation are rare. We develop a PVA model that incorporates autocorrelation into the analysis of local demographic information to produce spatially explicit estimates of demography and viability at relatively fine spatial scales across a large spatial extent. We use a hierarchical, spatial, autoregressive model for capture-recapture data from multiple locations to obtain spatially explicit estimates of adult survival (ϕ
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Arizona ; Demography ; Models, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis ; Turtles/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-09-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	1074505-1
ISSN	1939-5582 ; 1051-0761
ISSN (online)	1939-5582
ISSN	1051-0761
DOI	10.1002/eap.1794
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Article ; Online: Diagnosing the origin and impact of low-mode asymmetries in ignition experiments at the National Ignition Facility.

Casey, D / MacGowan, B / Hurricane, O / Landen, O / Nora, R / Haan, S / Kritcher, A / Zylstra, A / Ralph, J / Dewald, E / Hohenberger, M / Pak, A / Springer, P / Weber, C / Milovich, J / Divol, L / Hartouni, E / Bionta, R / Hahn, K /

Schlossberg, D / Moore, A / Gatu Johnson, M

Physical review. E

2023 Volume 108, Issue 5, Page(s) L053203

Abstract: Inertial confinement fusion ignition requires high inflight shell velocity, good energy coupling between the hotspot and shell, and high areal density at peak compression. Three-dimensional asymmetries caused by imperfections in the drive symmetry or ... ...

Abstract	Inertial confinement fusion ignition requires high inflight shell velocity, good energy coupling between the hotspot and shell, and high areal density at peak compression. Three-dimensional asymmetries caused by imperfections in the drive symmetry or target can grow and damage the coupling and confinement. Recent high-yield experiments have shown that low-mode asymmetries are a key degradation mechanism and contribute to variability. We show the experimental signatures and impacts of asymmetry change with increasing implosion yield given the same initial cause. This letter has implications for improving robustness to a key degradation in ignition experiments.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2844562-4
ISSN	2470-0053 ; 2470-0045
ISSN (online)	2470-0053
ISSN	2470-0045
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevE.108.L053203
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