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  1. Article ; Online: Post-operative antibiotic prophylaxis in spine surgery patients with thoracolumbar drains: A meta analysis.

    Xia, Terry C / Rainone, Gersham J / Woodhouse, Cody J / Kramer, Dallas E / Whiting, Alexander C

    World neurosurgery: X

    2024  Volume 23, Page(s) 100373

    Abstract: Objective: Closed-suction drains are commonly placed after thoracolumbar surgery to reduce the risk of post-operative hematoma and neurologic deterioration, and may stay in place for a longer period of time if output remains high. Prolonged maintenance ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Closed-suction drains are commonly placed after thoracolumbar surgery to reduce the risk of post-operative hematoma and neurologic deterioration, and may stay in place for a longer period of time if output remains high. Prolonged maintenance of surgical site drains, however, is associated with an increased risk of surgical site infection (SSI). The present study aims to examine the literature regarding extended duration (≥24 h) prophylactic antibiotic use in patients undergoing posterior thoracolumbar surgery with closed-suction drainage.
    Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Relevant studies reporting the use of 24-h post-operative antibiotics compared with extended duration post-operative antibiotics in patients undergoing posterior thoracolumbar surgery with closed-suction drainage were identified from a PubMed database query.
    Results: Six studies were included for statistical analysis, encompassing 1003 patients that received 24 h of post-operative antibiotics and 984 patients that received ≥24 h of post-operative antibiotics. The SSI rate was 5.16 % for the shorter duration group (24 h) and 4.44 % (
    Conclusions: There is no significant difference in rates of SSI in patients receiving 24 h of post-operative antibiotics compared with patients receiving ≥24 h of post-operative antibiotics. Shorter durations of post-operative antibiotics in patients with thoracolumbar drains have similar outcomes compared to patients receiving longer courses of antibiotics. Shorter durations of antibiotics could potentially help lead to lower overall cost and length of stay for these patients.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2590-1397
    ISSN (online) 2590-1397
    DOI 10.1016/j.wnsx.2024.100373
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Alternative COVID-19 mitigation measures in school classrooms: analysis using an agent-based model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

    Woodhouse, M J / Aspinall, W P / Sparks, R S J / Brooks-Pollock, E / Relton, C

    Royal Society open science

    2022  Volume 9, Issue 8, Page(s) 211985

    Abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic has impacted children's education, with schools required to implement infection control measures that have led to periods of absence and classroom closures. We developed an agent-based epidemiological model of SARS-CoV-2 ... ...

    Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic has impacted children's education, with schools required to implement infection control measures that have led to periods of absence and classroom closures. We developed an agent-based epidemiological model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a school classroom that allows us to quantify projected infection patterns within primary school classrooms, and related uncertainties. Our approach is based on a contact model constructed using random networks, informed by structured expert judgement. The effectiveness of mitigation strategies in suppressing infection outbreaks and limiting pupil absence are considered. COVID-19 infections in primary schools in England in autumn 2020 were re-examined and the model was then used to estimate infection levels in autumn 2021, as the Delta variant was emerging and it was thought likely that school transmission would play a major role in an incipient new wave of the epidemic. Our results were in good agreement with available data. These findings indicate that testing-based surveillance is more effective than bubble quarantine, both for reducing transmission and avoiding pupil absence, even accounting for insensitivity of self-administered tests. Bubble quarantine entails large numbers of absences, with only modest impact on classroom infections. However, maintaining reduced contact rates within the classroom can have a major benefit for managing COVID-19 in school settings.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2787755-3
    ISSN 2054-5703
    ISSN 2054-5703
    DOI 10.1098/rsos.211985
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Lumbar plexus safe working zones with lateral lumbar interbody fusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

    Kramer, Dallas E / Woodhouse, Cody / Kerolus, Mena G / Yu, Alexander

    European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society

    2022  Volume 31, Issue 10, Page(s) 2527–2535

    Abstract: Purpose: Significant risk of injury to the lumbar plexus and its departing motor and sensory nerves exists with lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF). Several cadaveric and imaging studies have investigated the lumbar plexus position with respect to ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Significant risk of injury to the lumbar plexus and its departing motor and sensory nerves exists with lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF). Several cadaveric and imaging studies have investigated the lumbar plexus position with respect to the vertebral body anteroposterior plane. To date, no systematic review and meta-analysis of the lumbar plexus safe working zones for LLIF has been performed.
    Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Relevant studies reporting on the position of the lumbar plexus with relation to the vertebral body in the anteroposterior plane were identified from a PubMed database query. Quantitative analysis was performed using Welch's t test.
    Results: Eighteen studies were included, encompassing 1005 subjects and 2472 intervertebral levels. Eleven studies used supine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with in vivo subjects. Seven studies used cadavers, five of which performed dissection in the left lateral decubitus position. A significant correlation (p < 0.001) existed between anterior lumbar plexus displacement and evaluation with in vivo MRI at all levels between L1-L5 compared with cadaveric measurement. Supine position was also associated with significant (p < 0.001) anterior shift of the lumbar plexus at all levels between L1-L5.
    Conclusions: This is the first comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the lumbar neural components and safe working zones for LLIF. Our analysis suggests that the lumbar plexus is significantly displaced ventrally with the supine compared to lateral decubitus position, and that MRI may overestimate ventral encroachment of lumbar plexus.
    MeSH term(s) Cadaver ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging ; Lumbar Vertebrae/innervation ; Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery ; Lumbosacral Plexus/anatomy & histology ; Psoas Muscles ; Spinal Fusion/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-19
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Review ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 1115375-1
    ISSN 1432-0932 ; 0940-6719
    ISSN (online) 1432-0932
    ISSN 0940-6719
    DOI 10.1007/s00586-022-07352-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Palliative radiotherapy is effective for both well- and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms.

    O'Reilly, Eileen / Lao, Louis / Woodhouse, Braden / Sharples, Katrina / Print, Cris / Lawrence, Ben

    Journal of medical imaging and radiation oncology

    2023  Volume 68, Issue 1, Page(s) 94–102

    Abstract: Introduction: The outcomes of palliative radiation therapy (RT) for neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are seldom reported. We investigated outcomes following palliative radiotherapy in a cohort of patients with NENs. We hypothesised that well- ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: The outcomes of palliative radiation therapy (RT) for neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are seldom reported. We investigated outcomes following palliative radiotherapy in a cohort of patients with NENs. We hypothesised that well-differentiated NEN will be less likely to have a clinical response than poorly differentiated NEN.
    Methods: Patients who received at least one course of palliative RT were identified using the New Zealand NETwork! Registry. Patients with Merkel cell carcinoma, pulmonary small cell carcinoma or asymptomatic patients were excluded. Clinical response to RT within 90 days and overall survival were analysed alongside clinical variables (fractionation, RT site, tumour differentiation and tumour primary site).
    Results: The cohort comprised 79 patients, with 147 courses of palliative RT delivered. Clinical response was measurable for 100 courses, with clinical response rate of 76%. A course delivered to a well-differentiated NEN was associated with 2.02-fold (95% CI 0.67, 6.12; P = 0.21) increase in odds of a clinical response compared to a poorly differentiated NEN. Median overall survival from the first fraction of RT was 94 days (95% CI 80, 138 days). Overall survival was higher in well-differentiated NEN than in poorly differentiated NEN (HR 0.2, 95% CI 0.10-0.40, P-value < 0.001); 30-day mortality was 7%. There were significantly reduced odds of clinical response for non-bone sites, and for courses >10 fractions compared to a single fraction.
    Conclusion: Palliative RT is an appropriate option for management of symptoms in patients with both well- and poorly differentiated metastatic NEN.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Neuroendocrine Tumors/radiotherapy ; Dose Fractionation, Radiation ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ; Lung Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; New Zealand ; Retrospective Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-29
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2389687-5
    ISSN 1754-9485 ; 1440-1673 ; 1754-9477 ; 0004-8461
    ISSN (online) 1754-9485 ; 1440-1673
    ISSN 1754-9477 ; 0004-8461
    DOI 10.1111/1754-9485.13597
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Experimental laboratory models as tools for understanding modifiable dementia risk.

    Sinclair, Duncan / Canty, Alison J / Ziebell, Jenna M / Woodhouse, Adele / Collins, Jessica M / Perry, Sharn / Roccati, Eddy / Kuruvilla, Maneesh / Leung, Jacqueline / Atkinson, Rachel / Vickers, James C / Cook, Anthony L / King, Anna E

    Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association

    2024  

    Abstract: Experimental laboratory research has an important role to play in dementia prevention. Mechanisms underlying modifiable risk factors for dementia are promising targets for dementia prevention but are difficult to investigate in human populations due to ... ...

    Abstract Experimental laboratory research has an important role to play in dementia prevention. Mechanisms underlying modifiable risk factors for dementia are promising targets for dementia prevention but are difficult to investigate in human populations due to technological constraints and confounds. Therefore, controlled laboratory experiments in models such as transgenic rodents, invertebrates and in vitro cultured cells are increasingly used to investigate dementia risk factors and test strategies which target them to prevent dementia. This review provides an overview of experimental research into 15 established and putative modifiable dementia risk factors: less early-life education, hearing loss, depression, social isolation, life stress, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, physical inactivity, heavy alcohol use, smoking, air pollution, anesthetic exposure, traumatic brain injury, and disordered sleep. It explores how experimental models have been, and can be, used to address questions about modifiable dementia risk and prevention that cannot readily be addressed in human studies. HIGHLIGHTS: Modifiable dementia risk factors are promising targets for dementia prevention. Interrogation of mechanisms underlying dementia risk is difficult in human populations. Studies using diverse experimental models are revealing modifiable dementia risk mechanisms. We review experimental research into 15 modifiable dementia risk factors. Laboratory science can contribute uniquely to dementia prevention.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2211627-8
    ISSN 1552-5279 ; 1552-5260
    ISSN (online) 1552-5279
    ISSN 1552-5260
    DOI 10.1002/alz.13834
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Pathologically mislocalised TDP-43 in upper motor neurons causes a die-forward spread of ALS-like pathogenic changes throughout the mouse corticomotor system.

    Reale, Laura A / Dyer, Marcus S / Perry, Sharn E / Young, Kaylene M / Dickson, Tracey C / Woodhouse, Adele / Blizzard, Catherine A

    Progress in neurobiology

    2023  Volume 226, Page(s) 102449

    Abstract: Alterations in upper motor neuron excitability are one of the earliest phenomena clinically detected in ALS, and in 97 % of cases, the RNA/DNA binding protein, TDP-43, is mislocalised in upper and lower motor neurons. While these are two major ... ...

    Abstract Alterations in upper motor neuron excitability are one of the earliest phenomena clinically detected in ALS, and in 97 % of cases, the RNA/DNA binding protein, TDP-43, is mislocalised in upper and lower motor neurons. While these are two major pathological hallmarks in disease, our understanding of where disease pathology begins, and how it spreads through the corticomotor system, is incomplete. This project used a model where mislocalised TDP-43 was expressed in the motor cortex, to determine if localised cortical pathology could result in widespread corticomotor system degeneration. Mislocalised TDP-43 caused layer V excitatory neurons in the motor cortex to become hyperexcitable after 20 days of expression. Following cortical hyperexcitability, a spread of pathogenic changes through the corticomotor system was observed. By 30 days expression, there was a significant decrease in lower motor neuron number in the lumbar spinal cord. However, cell loss occurred selectively, with a significant loss in lumbar regions 1-3, and not lumbar regions 4-6. This regional vulnerability was associated with alterations in pre-synaptic excitatory and inhibitory proteins. Excitatory inputs (VGluT2) were increased in all lumbar regions, while inhibitory inputs (GAD65/67) were increased in lumbar regions 4-6 only. This data indicates that mislocalised TDP-43 in upper motor neurons can cause lower motor neuron degeneration. Furthermore, cortical pathology increased excitatory inputs to the spinal cord, to which local circuitry compensated with an upregulation of inhibition. These findings reveal how TDP-43 mediated pathology may spread through corticofugal tracts in ALS and identify a potential pathway for therapeutic intervention.
    MeSH term(s) Mice ; Animals ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/genetics ; Motor Neurons/metabolism ; Motor Neurons/pathology ; Spinal Cord/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances DNA-Binding Proteins ; TDP-43 protein, mouse
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 185535-9
    ISSN 1873-5118 ; 0301-0082
    ISSN (online) 1873-5118
    ISSN 0301-0082
    DOI 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102449
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Pre-slaughter factors linked to variation in responses to carbon dioxide gas stunning in pig abattoirs.

    Jongman, E C / Woodhouse, R / Rice, M / Rault, J-L

    Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience

    2020  Volume 15, Issue 2, Page(s) 100134

    Abstract: The stunning process is an important component of slaughter with implications for animal welfare due to the potential distress and pain in the case of a sub-effective or lengthy stun. This study examined the factors correlated with variation in responses ...

    Abstract The stunning process is an important component of slaughter with implications for animal welfare due to the potential distress and pain in the case of a sub-effective or lengthy stun. This study examined the factors correlated with variation in responses to carbon dioxide (CO
    MeSH term(s) Abattoirs ; Animal Welfare ; Animals ; Australia ; Carbon Dioxide ; Female ; Hydrocortisone ; Male ; Swine
    Chemical Substances Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J) ; Hydrocortisone (WI4X0X7BPJ)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2257920-5
    ISSN 1751-732X ; 1751-7311
    ISSN (online) 1751-732X
    ISSN 1751-7311
    DOI 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100134
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Pathological Links between Traumatic Brain Injury and Dementia: Australian Pre-Clinical Research.

    Collins, Jessica M / Woodhouse, Adele / Bye, Nicole / Vickers, James C / King, Anna E / Ziebell, Jenna M

    Journal of neurotrauma

    2020  Volume 37, Issue 5, Page(s) 782–791

    Abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause persistent cognitive changes and ongoing neurodegeneration in the brain. Accumulating epidemiological and pathological evidence implicates TBI in the development of Alzheimer's disease, the most common cause of ... ...

    Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause persistent cognitive changes and ongoing neurodegeneration in the brain. Accumulating epidemiological and pathological evidence implicates TBI in the development of Alzheimer's disease, the most common cause of dementia. Further, the TBI-induced form of dementia, called chronic traumatic encephalopathy, shares many pathological hallmarks present in multiple different diseases which cause dementia. The inflammatory and neuritic responses to TBI and dementia overlap, indicating that they may share common pathological mechanisms and that TBI may ultimately cause a pathological cascade culminating in the development of dementia. This review explores Australian pre-clinical research investigating the pathological links between TBI and dementia.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Australia ; Brain/metabolism ; Brain/pathology ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/complications ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/metabolism ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/pathology ; Dementia/etiology ; Dementia/metabolism ; Dementia/pathology ; Humans ; Microglia/metabolism ; Microglia/pathology ; Plaque, Amyloid/metabolism ; Plaque, Amyloid/pathology ; tau Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances tau Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 645092-1
    ISSN 1557-9042 ; 0897-7151
    ISSN (online) 1557-9042
    ISSN 0897-7151
    DOI 10.1089/neu.2019.6906
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Correction to: A Scoping Review of HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Stigma and Implications for Stigma-Reduction Interventions for Men and Transwomen Who Have Sex with Men.

    Rosengren, A Lina / Lelutiu-Weinberger, Corina / Woodhouse, E Wilbur / Sandanapitchai, Priyadharshiny / Hightow-Weidman, Lisa B

    AIDS and behavior

    2021  Volume 25, Issue 9, Page(s) 3046

    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 1339885-4
    ISSN 1573-3254 ; 1090-7165
    ISSN (online) 1573-3254
    ISSN 1090-7165
    DOI 10.1007/s10461-021-03163-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: A Scoping Review of HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Stigma and Implications for Stigma-Reduction Interventions for Men and Transwomen Who Have Sex with Men.

    Rosengren, A Lina / Lelutiu-Weinberger, Corina / Woodhouse, E Wilbur / Sandanapitchai, Priyadharshiny / Hightow-Weidman, Lisa B

    AIDS and behavior

    2021  Volume 25, Issue 7, Page(s) 2054–2070

    Abstract: HIV remains a public health concern in the United States. Although pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can be expected to reduce HIV incidence, its uptake, adherence, and persistence remain limited, particularly among highest priority groups such as men who ... ...

    Abstract HIV remains a public health concern in the United States. Although pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can be expected to reduce HIV incidence, its uptake, adherence, and persistence remain limited, particularly among highest priority groups such as men who have sex with men and transwomen (MSMTW). Using a socioecological framework, we conducted a scoping review to examine PrEP-related stigma to inform future research, policy, and programmatic planning. Using the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews, we conducted database searches from August 2018 to April 2020 for articles addressing PrEP stigma. Studies were independently screened and coded by three authors, resulting in thematic categorization of several types of PrEP stigma on four socioecological levels. Of 557 references, a final sample of 23 studies was coded, 61% qualitative, and 87% focusing exclusively on MSMTW. Most instances of PrEP-related stigma occurred on the interpersonal level and included associations of PrEP with risk promotion, HIV-related stigma, and promiscuity. Other frequent themes across socioecological levels included provider distrust and discrimination, government and pharmaceutical industry distrust, internalized homonegativity, PrEP efficacy distrust, and anticipated homonegativity. Notably, PrEP was also framed positively as having physical and psychological benefits, and assuming responsibility for protecting one's community via PrEP awareness-raising. PrEP-related stigma persists, demanding interventions to modify its impact. Leveraging PrEP-positive discourses to challenge PrEP stigma is an emerging avenue, alongside efforts to increase provider willingness to promote PrEP routinely by reducing provider bias, aligning with the national strategy to End the HIV Epidemic.
    MeSH term(s) Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male ; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis ; Sexual and Gender Minorities ; United States
    Chemical Substances Anti-HIV Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 1339885-4
    ISSN 1573-3254 ; 1090-7165
    ISSN (online) 1573-3254
    ISSN 1090-7165
    DOI 10.1007/s10461-020-03135-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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