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Article ; Online: Relationship between trauma, psychological distress and help-seeking among corrective service workers.

Collins, Daniel A J / Bryant, Richard A / Gayed, Aimee / Harvey, Samuel B / Deady, Mark

2024 Volume 81, Issue 4, Page(s) 217–219

Abstract: Background: Corrective service workers (CSWs) are at high risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental health problems. Prevalence rates and help-seeking behaviours are under-researched within this population.: Aims: To assess rates ...

Abstract	Background: Corrective service workers (CSWs) are at high risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental health problems. Prevalence rates and help-seeking behaviours are under-researched within this population. Aims: To assess rates of PTSD and distress, and identify predictors of intention to seek help, among workers at an Australian corrective service agency. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was used to collect data on staff demographics, employment, PTSD symptoms and current distress. Participants received a tailored feedback report including referral to relevant mental health services (where applicable) and were asked to indicate their likelihood of seeking help. Prevalence data are reported. Binary logistic regression was used to examine relationships between participant characteristics and help-seeking for those with probable PTSD and/or high psychological distress. Results: Participants (n=1001) were predominantly men (56.8%) with a mean age of 46.72 (SD=11.00). Over half (58.0%) were classified as probable PTSD cases, and one-third (33.0%) were experiencing high psychological distress. Around a third (34.3%) of participants with probable PTSD and/or elevated distress indicated they were likely to seek help. Older age and fewer years of service were associated with increased help-seeking intentions. Conclusions: CSWs were found to be experiencing probable PTSD at higher rates than reported in previous studies. Relatively few intended to seek help from mental health services, despite being provided with personalised screening and feedback along with access to specialised care. Future research should investigate the potential role of organisational support as a facilitator of help-seeking within this population.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology ; Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Psychological Distress ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care/psychology ; Australia/epidemiology ; Help-Seeking Behavior ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Prevalence ; Logistic Models
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1180733-7
ISSN	1470-7926 ; 1351-0711
ISSN (online)	1470-7926
ISSN	1351-0711
DOI	10.1136/oemed-2023-109361
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Article ; Online: Introducing palliative care in advanced cancer: a systematic review.

Pointon, Samuel / Collins, Anna / Philip, Jennifer

BMJ supportive & palliative care

2024

Abstract: Background: Negative perceptions about palliative care (PC), held by patients with cancer and their families, are a barrier to early referral and the associated benefits. This review examines the approaches that support the task of introducing PC to ... ...

Abstract	Background: Negative perceptions about palliative care (PC), held by patients with cancer and their families, are a barrier to early referral and the associated benefits. This review examines the approaches that support the task of introducing PC to patients and families and describes any evaluations of these approaches. Methods: A systematic review with a systematic search informed by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines was performed on the online databases MEDLINE, PsychInfo and CINAHL from May 2022 to July 2022. Identified studies were screened by title and abstract, and included if they were empirical studies and described an approach that supported the introduction of PC services for adult patients. A narrative-synthesis approach was used to extract and present the findings. Results: Searches yielded 1193 unique manuscripts, which, following title and abstract screening, were reduced to 31 papers subject to full-text review, with a final 12 studies meeting eligibility criteria. A diverse range of included studies described approaches used to introduce palliative care, which may be broadly summarised by four categories: education, clinical communication, building trust and rapport and integrative system approaches. Conclusion: While educational approaches were helpful, they were less likely to change behaviours, with focused communication tasks also necessary to facilitate PC introduction. An established relationship and trust between patient and clinician were foundational to effective PC discussions. A framework to assist clinicians in this task is likely to be multidimensional in nature, although more quantitative research is necessary to establish the most effective methods and how they may be incorporated into clinical practice.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2045-4368
ISSN (online)	2045-4368
DOI	10.1136/spcare-2023-004442
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Article ; Online: Consent is the conclusion of a decision making process.

Finnikin, Samuel J / Collins, Alf

BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

2022 Volume 378, Page(s) o2200

MeSH term(s)	Decision Making ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Patient Participation
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	1362901-3
ISSN	1756-1833 ; 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
ISSN (online)	1756-1833
ISSN	0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
DOI	10.1136/bmj.o2200
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Article ; Online: Myeloid Phenotypes in Tracheostomy-Associated Granulation Tissue.

Berges, Alexandra J / Ospino, Rafael / Lina, Ioan A / Collins, Samuel / Chan-Li, Yee / Gelbard, Alexander / Hillel, Alexander T / Motz, Kevin M

The Laryngoscope

2023 Volume 133, Issue 9, Page(s) 2346–2356

Abstract: Objective(s): Tracheostomy-associated granulation tissue is a common, recurrent problem occurring secondary to chronic mucosal irritation. Although granulation tissue is composed of predominantly innate immune cells, the phenotype of monocytes and ... ...

Abstract	Objective(s): Tracheostomy-associated granulation tissue is a common, recurrent problem occurring secondary to chronic mucosal irritation. Although granulation tissue is composed of predominantly innate immune cells, the phenotype of monocytes and macrophages in tracheostomy-associated granulation tissue is unknown. This study aims to define the myeloid cell population in granulation tissue secondary to tracheostomy. Methods: Granulation tissue biopsies were obtained from 8 patients with tracheostomy secondary to laryngotracheal stenosis. Cell type analysis was performed by flow cytometry and gene expression was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. These methods and immunohistochemistry were used to define the monocyte/macrophage population in granulation tissue and were compared to tracheal autopsy control specimens. Results: Flow cytometry demonstrated macrophages (CD45+CD11b+) and monocytes (CD45+FSC Conclusions: M2 macrophages are the dominant macrophage phenotype in tracheostomy-associated granulation tissue. The role of this cell type in promoting ongoing inflammation warrants future investigation to identify potential treatments for granulation tissue secondary to tracheostomy. Level of evidence: 3 Laryngoscope, 133:2346-2356, 2023.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Tracheostomy/adverse effects ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Monocytes/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Flow Cytometry/methods ; Inflammation
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	80180-x
ISSN	1531-4995 ; 0023-852X
ISSN (online)	1531-4995
ISSN	0023-852X
DOI	10.1002/lary.30557
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Article ; Online: Characterizing the Macrophage Population in Patients With Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis.

Ospino, Rafael / Berges, Alexandra / Mafla, Laura / Collins, Samuel / Li, Yee Chan / Lina, Ioan / Gelbard, Alexander / Hillel, Alexander T / Motz, Kevin

The Laryngoscope

2022 Volume 133, Issue 9, Page(s) 2308–2316

Abstract: Objectives: Idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) is characterized by progressive fibrosis and subglottic luminal narrowing. Currently, immune characterization has focused on T-cells; however, macrophages remain largely unexplored. The goals of this ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) is characterized by progressive fibrosis and subglottic luminal narrowing. Currently, immune characterization has focused on T-cells; however, macrophages remain largely unexplored. The goals of this study are to characterize the transcriptome of iSGS macrophages and the fibrogenic nature of identifed biomarkers. Study design: Bioinformatics and in vitro. Methods: Human tracheal biopsies from iSGS scar (n = 4), and matched non-scar (n = 4) regions were analyzed using single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq). Immunofluorescence (IF) was performed on rapidly processed autopsies (RPA) and iSGS tracheal resections (n = 4) to co-localize S100A8/9 and CD11b. Collagen gene/protein expression was assessed in iSGS fibroblasts (n = 4) treated with protein S100A8/9 (1000 ng/ml). Macrophages were subclustered to identify distinct subpopulations. Results: scRNA-seq analysis revealed S100A8/S100A9 (fold change (FC) = 4.1/1.88, p < 0.001) as top differentially expressed genes in iSGS macrophages. IF exhibited increased CD11b+/S100A8/9+ cells in tracheal samples of iSGS versus RPA (26.75% ± 7.08 vs. 0.594% ± 0.974, n = 4, p = 0.029). iSGS fibroblasts treated with S100A8/9 demonstrated increased gene expression of COL1A1 (FC = 2.30 ± 0.45, p = 0.03, n = 4) and COL3A1 (FC = 2.44 ± 0.40, p = 0.03, n = 4). COL1A1 protein assays revealed an increase in the experimental group, albeit not significant, (p = 0.12, n = 4). Finally, macrophage sub clustering revealed one subpopulation as a predominant source of S100A8/S100A9 expression (FC = 7.94/5.47, p < 0.001). Conclusions: S100A8/9 is a key biomarker in iSGS macrophages. Although S100A8/9 demonstrates profibrotic nature in vitro, the role of S100A8/9+ macrophages in vivo warrants further investigation. Level of evidence: NA Laryngoscope, 133:2308-2316, 2023.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Laryngostenosis/pathology ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Calgranulin A/genetics ; Calgranulin A/metabolism ; Calgranulin B/genetics ; Calgranulin B/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Calgranulin A ; Calgranulin B
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	80180-x
ISSN	1531-4995 ; 0023-852X
ISSN (online)	1531-4995
ISSN	0023-852X
DOI	10.1002/lary.30524
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Article ; Online: Expanding the flexibility of base editing for high-throughput genetic screens in bacteria.

Gawlitt, Sandra / Collins, Scott P / Yu, Yanying / Blackman, Samuel A / Barquist, Lars / Beisel, Chase L

Nucleic acids research

2024 Volume 52, Issue 7, Page(s) 4079–4097

Abstract: Genome-wide screens have become powerful tools for elucidating genotype-to-phenotype relationships in bacteria. Of the varying techniques to achieve knockout and knockdown, CRISPR base editors are emerging as promising options. However, the limited ... ...

Abstract	Genome-wide screens have become powerful tools for elucidating genotype-to-phenotype relationships in bacteria. Of the varying techniques to achieve knockout and knockdown, CRISPR base editors are emerging as promising options. However, the limited number of available, efficient target sites hampers their use for high-throughput screening. Here, we make multiple advances to enable flexible base editing as part of high-throughput genetic screening in bacteria. We first co-opt the Streptococcus canis Cas9 that exhibits more flexible protospacer-adjacent motif recognition than the traditional Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9. We then expand beyond introducing premature stop codons by mutating start codons. Next, we derive guide design rules by applying machine learning to an essentiality screen conducted in Escherichia coli. Finally, we rescue poorly edited sites by combining base editing with Cas9-induced cleavage of unedited cells, thereby enriching for intended edits. The efficiency of this dual system was validated through a conditional essentiality screen based on growth in minimal media. Overall, expanding the scope of genome-wide knockout screens with base editors could further facilitate the investigation of new gene functions and interactions in bacteria.
MeSH term(s)	Gene Editing/methods ; CRISPR-Cas Systems ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; High-Throughput Screening Assays/methods ; Genome, Bacterial/genetics ; CRISPR-Associated Protein 9/genetics ; CRISPR-Associated Protein 9/metabolism ; Streptococcus/genetics ; Streptococcus pyogenes/genetics ; Streptococcus pyogenes/enzymology ; Machine Learning ; RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics
Chemical Substances	CRISPR-Associated Protein 9 (EC 3.1.-) ; RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	186809-3
ISSN	1362-4962 ; 1362-4954 ; 0301-5610 ; 0305-1048
ISSN (online)	1362-4962 ; 1362-4954
ISSN	0301-5610 ; 0305-1048
DOI	10.1093/nar/gkae174
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Article ; Online: Comment on Carson et al: Strengthening global health security - lessons learned from Public Health England's International Health Regulations strengthening project.

Razavi, Ahmed / Collins, Samuel / Wilson, Anne

Globalization and health

2022 Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 50

MeSH term(s)	England ; Global Health ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; International Health Regulations ; Public Health
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2185774-X
ISSN	1744-8603 ; 1744-8603
ISSN (online)	1744-8603
ISSN	1744-8603
DOI	10.1186/s12992-022-00844-2
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Article ; Online: Does health insurance status influence healthcare-seeking behavior in rural communities? evidence from rural Ghana.

Kumah, Emmanuel / Asana, Yussif / Agyei, Samuel Kofi / Kokuro, Collins / Ankomah, Samuel E / Fusheini, Adam

Health policy OPEN

2024 Volume 6, Page(s) 100119

Abstract: Introduction: National health insurance programs are considered important mechanisms for ensuring equity in access to and utilization of healthcare services by removing financial barriers associated with seeking treatment in healthcare facilities. ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: National health insurance programs are considered important mechanisms for ensuring equity in access to and utilization of healthcare services by removing financial barriers associated with seeking treatment in healthcare facilities. Although studies on health insurance schemes in many low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) have demonstrated a significant relationship between health insurance status and healthcare-seeking behavior, data on the influence of this health financing policy on the decision to seek formal healthcare among rural inhabitants remains limited. Underpinned by the Andersen-Newman behavioral model of healthcare use, this study examined the influence of health insurance status on healthcare-seeking behavior among rural dwellers in Ghana. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 460 rural residents in Ghana from 8th September to 5th December 2022 Results: The mean age of the respondents was 29.6 ± 6.8 years. A little above half (53.1 %) disclosed having insurance, whereas 46.1 % stated they were without coverage. Regarding healthcare-seeking behavior, the most commonly chosen treatment source was traditional healers (37.2 %), followed by the public healthcare system (28.3 %) and self-treatment (18.2 %). The private healthcare system was the least preferred, with only 16.3 % opting for it. While the bivariate analysis demonstrated a significant relationship between health insurance status and healthcare-seeking behavior (p-0.001), the logistic regression model results showed that health insurance status was not an independent predictor of healthcare-seeking behavior (p = 0.069). Conclusion: It could, therefore, not be concluded that the respondents with health insurance coverage were more likely than the uninsured to use formal healthcare providers as their most frequent source of treatment during illness. This study provides vital information for policymakers aiming at increasing access to and utilization of facility-based formal care in rural and remote settings.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-16
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2590-2296
ISSN (online)	2590-2296
DOI	10.1016/j.hpopen.2024.100119
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Article: Erratum: Justice for George Floyd and a reckoning for global mental health.

Weine, Stevan / Kohrt, Brandon A / Collins, Pamela Y / Cooper, Janice / Lewis-Fernandez, Roberto / Okpaku, Samuel / Wainberg, Milton L

Global mental health (Cambridge, England)

2020 Volume 7, Page(s) e25

Abstract: This corrects the article DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2020.17.]. ...

Abstract	[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2020.17.].
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2806466-5
ISSN	2054-4251
ISSN	2054-4251
DOI	10.1017/gmh.2020.19
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Article ; Online: Using Multiplex Amplicon PCR Technology to Efficiently and Timely Generate Rift Valley Fever Virus Sequence Data for Genomic Surveillance.

Juma, John / Konongoi, Samson L / Nsengimana, Isidore / Mwangi, Reuben / Akoko, James / Nyamota, Richard / Muli, Collins / Dobi, Paul O / Kiritu, Edward / Osiany, Shebbar / Onwong'a, Amos A / Gachogo, Rachael W / Sang, Rosemary / Christoffels, Alan / Roesel, Kristina / Bett, Bernard / Oyola, Samuel O

Viruses

2023 Volume 15, Issue 2

Abstract: Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a febrile vector-borne disease endemic in Africa and continues to spread in new territories. It is a climate-sensitive disease mostly triggered by abnormal rainfall patterns. The disease is associated with high mortality and ... ...

Abstract	Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a febrile vector-borne disease endemic in Africa and continues to spread in new territories. It is a climate-sensitive disease mostly triggered by abnormal rainfall patterns. The disease is associated with high mortality and morbidity in both humans and livestock. RVF is caused by the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) of the genus
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Rift Valley fever virus/genetics ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Genomics ; Rift Valley Fever ; Zika Virus ; Zika Virus Infection ; COVID-19 Testing
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v15020477
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