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  1. Article ; Online: Room temperature d

    Pimachev, Artem / Rimal, Gaurab / Nielsen, Robert D / Tang, Jinke / Dahnovsky, Yuri

    Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP

    2018  Volume 20, Issue 47, Page(s) 29804–29810

    Abstract: Because of the importance of ferromagnetism at room temperature, we search for new materials that can exhibit a non-vanishing magnetic moment at room temperature and at the same time can be used in spintronics. The experimental results indicate that d0 ... ...

    Abstract Because of the importance of ferromagnetism at room temperature, we search for new materials that can exhibit a non-vanishing magnetic moment at room temperature and at the same time can be used in spintronics. The experimental results indicate that d0 ferromagnetism without any magnetic impurities takes place in PbS films made of close-packed lead sulfide nanoparticles of 30 nm. To explain the existence of the d0 ferromagnetism, we propose a model where various PbS bulk and surface configurations of Pb-vacancies are analyzed. The bulk configurations have a zero magnetic moment while the two surface configurations with Pb vacancies with the same non-vanishing magnetic moments and lowest ground state energies contribute to the total magnetization. Based on the experimental value of the saturation magnetization, 0.2 emu g-1, we have found that the calculated Pb vacancy concentration should be about 3.5%, which is close to typical experimental values. Besides being very important for applications, there is one feature of PbS d0 ferromagnetism that makes this material special for fundamental research: PbS ferromagnetism can exhibit topologically driven spatial magnetic moment distributions (e.g., magnetic skyrmions) due to large spin-orbit coupling.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1476244-4
    ISSN 1463-9084 ; 1463-9076
    ISSN (online) 1463-9084
    ISSN 1463-9076
    DOI 10.1039/c8cp04882g
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Mucosal vitamin D signaling in inflammatory bowel disease.

    Kellermann, Lauge / Jensen, Kim Bak / Bergenheim, Fredrik / Gubatan, John / Chou, Naomi D / Moss, Alan / Nielsen, Ole Haagen

    Autoimmunity reviews

    2020  Volume 19, Issue 11, Page(s) 102672

    Abstract: Epidemiological studies have identified vitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency to be highly prevalent ... of investigations, primarily due to the distinct immunological functions of vitamin D signaling, including ... anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic actions. Vitamin D is a pleiotropic hormone that executes its actions on cells ...

    Abstract Epidemiological studies have identified vitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency to be highly prevalent among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and low serum levels correlate with a higher disease activity and a more complicated disease course. The link to IBD pathogenesis has been subject of investigations, primarily due to the distinct immunological functions of vitamin D signaling, including anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic actions. Vitamin D is a pleiotropic hormone that executes its actions on cells through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). A leaky gut, i.e. an insufficient intestinal epithelial barrier, is thought to be central for the pathogenesis of IBD, and emerging data support the concept that vitamin D/VDR signaling in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) has an important role in controlling barrier integrity. Here we review the latest evidence on how vitamin D promotes the interplay between IECs, the gut microbiome, and immune cells and thereby regulate the intestinal immune response. On the cellular level, vitamin D signaling regulates tight junctional complexes, apoptosis, and autophagy, leading to increased epithelial barrier integrity, and promotes expression of antimicrobial peptides as part of its immunomodulating functions. Further, intestinal VDR expression is inversely correlated with the severity of inflammation in patients with IBD, which might compromise the positive effects of vitamin D signaling in patients with flaring disease. Efforts to reveal the role of vitamin D in the pathophysiology of IBD will pave the road for the invention of more rational treatment strategies of this debilitating disease in the future.
    MeSH term(s) Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; Intestinal Mucosa/immunology ; Signal Transduction ; Tight Junctions ; Vitamin D/physiology
    Chemical Substances Vitamin D (1406-16-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-15
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2144145-5
    ISSN 1873-0183 ; 1568-9972
    ISSN (online) 1873-0183
    ISSN 1568-9972
    DOI 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102672
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: The association between vitamin-D deficiency and fecal incontinence.

    Neshatian, Leila / Grant, Gabrielle / Fernandez-Becker, Nielsen / Yuan, Ye / Garcia, Patricia / Becker, Laren / Gurland, Brooke / Triadafilopoulos, George

    Neurogastroenterology and motility

    2024  Volume 36, Issue 4, Page(s) e14753

    Abstract: Background: Vitamin-D is essential for musculoskeletal health. We aimed to determine ... whether patients with fecal incontinence (FI): (1) are more likely to have vitamin-D deficiency and, (2) have ... 25-hydroxy vitamin-D levels, and no vitamin-D supplementation within 3 months of testing, in a large ...

    Abstract Background: Vitamin-D is essential for musculoskeletal health. We aimed to determine whether patients with fecal incontinence (FI): (1) are more likely to have vitamin-D deficiency and, (2) have higher rates of comorbid medical conditions.
    Methods: We examined 18- to 90-year-old subjects who had 25-hydroxy vitamin-D levels, and no vitamin-D supplementation within 3 months of testing, in a large, single-institutional electronic health records dataset, between 2017 and 2022. Cox proportional hazards survival analysis was used to assess association of vitamin-D deficiency on FI.
    Key results: Of 100,111 unique individuals tested for serum 25-hydroxy vitamin-D, 1205 (1.2%) had an established diagnosis of FI. Most patients with FI were female (75.9% vs. 68.7%, p = 0.0255), Caucasian (66.3% vs. 52%, p = 0.0001), and older (64.2 vs. 53.8, p < 0.0001). Smoking (6.56% vs. 2.64%, p = 0.0001) and GI comorbidities, including constipation (44.9% vs. 9.17%, p = 0.0001), irritable bowel syndrome (20.91% vs. 3.72%, p = 0.0001), and diarrhea (28.55% vs. 5.2%, p = 0.0001) were more common among FI patients. Charlson Comorbidity Index score was significantly higher in patients with FI (5.5 vs. 2.7, p < 0.0001). Significantly higher proportions of patients with FI had vitamin-D deficiency (7.14% vs. 4.45%, p < 0.0001). Moreover, after propensity-score matching, rate of new FI diagnosis was higher in patients with vitamin-D deficiency; HR 1.9 (95% CI [1.14-3.15]), p = 0.0131.
    Conclusion & inferences: Patients with FI had higher rates of vitamin-D deficiency along with increased overall morbidity. Future research is needed to determine whether increased rate of FI in patients with vitamin-D deficiency is related to frailty associated with increased medical morbidities.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Male ; Fecal Incontinence/complications ; Fecal Incontinence/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Diarrhea/complications ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome/complications ; Vitamins
    Chemical Substances Vitamins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1186328-6
    ISSN 1365-2982 ; 1350-1925
    ISSN (online) 1365-2982
    ISSN 1350-1925
    DOI 10.1111/nmo.14753
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Clinical utility of the Danish version of the Self-Assessment of Modes Questionnaire (D-SAMQ).

    Nielsen, Kristina Tomra / Larsen, Anette Enemark / Wæhrens, Eva Ejlersen / Pilegaard, Marc Sampedro

    Scandinavian journal of occupational therapy

    2023  Volume 30, Issue 7, Page(s) 1092–1101

    Abstract: ... and culturally adapted (D-SAMQ), and aspects of validity and reliability have also been evaluated ... However, no knowledge about the clinical utility of the D-SAMQ exists.: Aims/objectives: The aims were ... to investigate the clinical utility of the D-SAMQ among Danish occupational therapists (OTs) and occupational therapy students ...

    Abstract Background: The the Self-Assessment of Modes Questionnaire (SAMQ) has been translated into Danish and culturally adapted (D-SAMQ), and aspects of validity and reliability have also been evaluated. However, no knowledge about the clinical utility of the D-SAMQ exists.
    Aims/objectives: The aims were to investigate the clinical utility of the D-SAMQ among Danish occupational therapists (OTs) and occupational therapy students (OTSs), and to determine differences in perceived clinical utility between the two groups.
    Material and methods: Data was collected using an online survey consisting of 17 questions related to four dimensions of clinical utility; appropriateness, accessibility, practicability, and acceptability.
    Results: A total of 25 OTs and 41 OTSs participated. The clinical utility was perceived to be high across all questions related to the four dimensions. No statistically significant differences were found between OTs and OTSs in any of the four dimensions.
    Conclusions and significance: The D-SAMQ is ready for use in occupational therapy practice, education, and research. D-SAMQ can be used to gain insight into own therapeutic style. This insight serves as a basis for facilitating therapeutic relationships with the clients during the process of enabling engagement in occupation.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Self-Assessment ; Reproducibility of Results ; Occupational Therapy/methods ; Occupational Therapists ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Denmark
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2144132-7
    ISSN 1651-2014 ; 1103-8128
    ISSN (online) 1651-2014
    ISSN 1103-8128
    DOI 10.1080/11038128.2023.2226371
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Vitamin D status and severity of COVID-19.

    Nielsen, Nete Munk / Junker, Thor Grønborg / Boelt, Sanne Grundvad / Cohen, Arieh S / Munger, Kassandra L / Stenager, Egon / Ascherio, Alberto / Boding, Lasse / Hviid, Anders

    Scientific reports

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 19823

    Abstract: We explored the association between COVID-19 severity and vitamin D status using information ... from the national biobank. 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured using tandem mass spectroscopy ... The association between 25(OH)D levels and COVID-19 severity, classified hierarchical as non-hospitalized ...

    Abstract We explored the association between COVID-19 severity and vitamin D status using information from Danish nation-wide health registers, the COVID-19 surveillance database and stored blood samples from the national biobank. 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured using tandem mass spectroscopy. The association between 25(OH)D levels and COVID-19 severity, classified hierarchical as non-hospitalized, hospitalized but not admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU), admitted to ICU, and death, was evaluated by proportional odds ratios (POR) assuming proportionality between the four degrees of severity. Among 447 adults tested SARS-CoV-2 positive in the spring of 2020, low levels of 25(OH)D were associated with a higher risk of severe COVID-19. Thus, odds of experiencing more severe COVID-19 among individuals with insufficient (25 to < 50 nmol/L) and sufficient (≥ 50 nmol/L) 25(OH)D levels were approximately 50% of that among individuals with deficient levels (< 25 nmol/L) (POR = 0.49 (95% CI 0.25-0.94), POR = 0.51 (95% CI 0.27-0.96), respectively). Dividing sufficient vitamin D levels into 50 to < 75 nmol/L and ≥ 75 nmol/L revealed no additional beneficial effect of higher 25(OH)D levels. In this observational study, low levels of 25(OH)D were associated with a higher risk of severe COVID-19. A possible therapeutic role of vitamin D should be evaluated in well-designed interventional studies.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vitamin D ; Vitamins/therapeutic use ; Vitamin D Deficiency/complications ; Vitamin D Deficiency/epidemiology
    Chemical Substances Vitamin D (1406-16-2) ; Vitamins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Observational Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-022-21513-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Vitamin D in Tear Fluid.

    Lu, Xiaowen / Elizondo, Rodolfo A / Nielsen, Rikke / Christensen, Erik I / Yang, Jun / Hammock, Bruce D / Watsky, Mitchell A

    Investigative ophthalmology & visual science

    2015  Volume 56, Issue 10, Page(s) 5880–5887

    Abstract: Purpose: To determine the source(s) of vitamin D in tear fluid and examine the expression ... of the endocytic proteins and putative vitamin D transporters megalin and cubilin in lacrimal and Harderian glands ... Methods: Wild-type, heterozygous, and vitamin D receptor (VDR) knockout C57BL/6 mice were used ...

    Abstract Purpose: To determine the source(s) of vitamin D in tear fluid and examine the expression of the endocytic proteins and putative vitamin D transporters megalin and cubilin in lacrimal and Harderian glands.
    Methods: Wild-type, heterozygous, and vitamin D receptor (VDR) knockout C57BL/6 mice were used, with a subset of knockout mice fed a replenishment diet for some studies. Mouse lacrimal and Harderian glands from each group were used to measure megalin and cubilin by RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. New Zealand white rabbits were used to collect lacrimal and accessory gland fluid for vitamin D mass spectroscopy measurements.
    Results: Ten-week-old knockout mice were significantly (P < 0.05) smaller than wild-type mice. Real-time PCR and Western blot showed decreased expression of megalin and cubilin in select VDR knockout mouse groups. Immunohistochemistry showed apical duct cell megalin staining and weaker megalin staining in VDR knockout mice compared with controls. Vitamin D2 was more prevalent in rabbit lacrimal and accessory gland fluid than vitamin D3, and greater amounts of Vitamin D2 were found in in tear fluid obtained directly from lacrimal and accessory glands as compared with plasma concentrations.
    Conclusions: This is the first study to demonstrate the presence of megalin and cubilin in lacrimal and accessory glands responsible for producing tear fluid. The results strengthen the hypothesis that megalin and cubilin are likely involved in the secretory pathway of vitamin D into tear fluid by the duct cells.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Disease Models, Animal ; Harderian Gland/metabolism ; Lacrimal Apparatus/metabolism ; Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-2/metabolism ; Mass Spectrometry ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Rabbits ; Receptors, Calcitriol/deficiency ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; Tears/metabolism ; Vitamin D/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-2 ; Receptors, Calcitriol ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; intrinsic factor-cobalamin receptor ; Vitamin D (1406-16-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 391794-0
    ISSN 1552-5783 ; 0146-0404
    ISSN (online) 1552-5783
    ISSN 0146-0404
    DOI 10.1167/iovs.15-17177
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Author Correction: Vitamin D status and severity of COVID-19.

    Nielsen, Nete Munk / Junker, Thor Grønborg / Boelt, Sanne Grundvad / Cohen, Arieh S / Munger, Kassandra L / Stenager, Egon / Ascherio, Alberto / Boding, Lasse / Hviid, Anders

    Scientific reports

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 1781

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-31
    Publishing country England
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-023-28993-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: The relation between dopamine D

    Wulff, Sanne / Nielsen, Mette Ødegaard / Rostrup, Egill / Svarer, Claus / Jensen, Lars Thorbjørn / Pinborg, Lars / Glenthøj, Birte Yding

    Psychological medicine

    2019  Volume 50, Issue 2, Page(s) 220–228

    Abstract: Background: Psychotic symptoms have been linked to salience abnormalities in the brain reward system, perhaps caused by a dysfunction of the dopamine neurotransmission in striatal regions. Blocking dopamine D2 receptors dampens psychotic symptoms and ... ...

    Abstract Background: Psychotic symptoms have been linked to salience abnormalities in the brain reward system, perhaps caused by a dysfunction of the dopamine neurotransmission in striatal regions. Blocking dopamine D2 receptors dampens psychotic symptoms and normalises reward disturbances, but a direct relationship between D2 receptor blockade, normalisation of reward processing and symptom improvement has not yet been demonstrated. The current study examined the association between blockade of D2 receptors in the caudate nucleus, alterations in reward processing and the psychopathology in a longitudinal study of antipsychotic-naïve first-episode schizophrenia patients.
    Methods: Twenty-two antipsychotic-naïve first-episode schizophrenia patients (10 males, mean age 23.3) and 23 healthy controls (12 males, mean age 23.5) were examined with single-photon emission computed tomography using 123I-labelled iodobenzamide. Reward disturbances were measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using a modified version of the monetary-incentive-delay task. Patients were assessed before and after 6 weeks of treatment with amisulpride.
    Results: In line with previous results, patients had a lower fMRI response at baseline (0.2 ± 0.5 v. 0.7 ± 0.6; p = 0.008), but not at follow-up (0.5 ± 0.6 v. 0.6 ± 0.7), and a change in the fMRI signal correlated with improvement in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale positive symptoms (ρ = -0.435, p = 0.049). In patients responding to treatment, a correlation between improvement in the fMRI signal and receptor occupancy was found (ρ = 0.588; p = 0.035).
    Conclusion: The results indicate that salience abnormalities play a role in the reward system in schizophrenia. In patients responding to a treatment-induced blockade of dopamine D2 receptors, the psychotic symptoms may be ameliorated by normalising salience abnormalities in the reward system.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Amisulpride/therapeutic use ; Case-Control Studies ; Corpus Striatum/diagnostic imaging ; Corpus Striatum/physiopathology ; Denmark ; Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists/therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Reward ; Schizophrenia/diagnostic imaging ; Schizophrenia/drug therapy ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists ; Amisulpride (8110R61I4U)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 217420-0
    ISSN 1469-8978 ; 0033-2917
    ISSN (online) 1469-8978
    ISSN 0033-2917
    DOI 10.1017/S0033291718004099
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: CryoSat Ice Baseline-D validation and evolutions

    M. Meloni / J. Bouffard / T. Parrinello / G. Dawson / F. Garnier / V. Helm / A. Di Bella / S. Hendricks / R. Ricker / E. Webb / B. Wright / K. Nielsen / S. Lee / M. Passaro / M. Scagliola / S. B. Simonsen / L. Sandberg Sørensen / D. Brockley / S. Baker /
    S. Fleury / J. Bamber / L. Maestri / H. Skourup / R. Forsberg / L. Mizzi

    The Cryosphere, Vol 14, Pp 1889-

    2020  Volume 1907

    Abstract: ... at an altitude of around 720 km with a retrograde orbit inclination of 92 ∘ and a quasi repeat cycle of 369 d (30 ... d subcycle). To reach the mission goals, the CryoSat products have to meet the highest ... CryoSat Ice Baseline-D, in operation since 27 May 2019, represents a major processor upgrade with respect ...

    Abstract The ESA Earth Explorer CryoSat-2 was launched on 8 April 2010 to monitor the precise changes in the thickness of terrestrial ice sheets and marine floating ice. To do that, CryoSat orbits the planet at an altitude of around 720 km with a retrograde orbit inclination of 92 ∘ and a quasi repeat cycle of 369 d (30 d subcycle). To reach the mission goals, the CryoSat products have to meet the highest quality standards to date, achieved through continual improvements of the operational processing chains. The new CryoSat Ice Baseline-D, in operation since 27 May 2019, represents a major processor upgrade with respect to the previous Ice Baseline-C. Over land ice the new Baseline-D provides better results with respect to the previous baseline when comparing the data to a reference elevation model over the Austfonna ice cap region, improving the ascending and descending crossover statistics from 1.9 to 0.1 m. The improved processing of the star tracker measurements implemented in Baseline-D has led to a reduction in the standard deviation of the point-to-point comparison with the previous star tracker processing method implemented in Baseline-C from 3.8 to 3.7 m. Over sea ice, Baseline-D improves the quality of the retrieved heights inside and at the boundaries of the synthetic aperture radar interferometric (SARIn or SIN) acquisition mask, removing the negative freeboard pattern which is beneficial not only for freeboard retrieval but also for any application that exploits the phase information from SARIn Level 1B (L1B) products. In addition, scatter comparisons with the Beaufort Gyre Exploration Project (BGEP; https://www.whoi.edu/beaufortgyre , last access: October 2019) and Operation IceBridge (OIB; Kurtz et al., 2013) in situ measurements confirm the improvements in the Baseline-D freeboard product quality. Relative to OIB, the Baseline-D freeboard mean bias is reduced by about 8 cm, which roughly corresponds to a 60 % decrease with respect to Baseline-C. The BGEP data indicate a similar tendency with a mean draft ...
    Keywords Environmental sciences ; GE1-350 ; Geology ; QE1-996.5
    Subject code 290
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Copernicus Publications
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article: Vitamin D Levels in Sows from Five Danish Outdoor Herds.

    Jakobsen, Sine Stricker / Jakobsen, Jette / Nielsen, Jens Peter

    Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 3

    Abstract: Vitamin D is essential for sow health and productivity. Standard sow feed is therefore supplemented ... with vitamin D ...

    Abstract Vitamin D is essential for sow health and productivity. Standard sow feed is therefore supplemented with vitamin D
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-26
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2606558-7
    ISSN 2076-2615
    ISSN 2076-2615
    DOI 10.3390/ani12030299
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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