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Article ; Online: Comparison of the Cannabinoid and Terpene Profiles in Commercial Cannabis from Natural and Artificial Cultivation.

Zandkarimi, Fereshteh / Decatur, John / Casali, John / Gordon, Tina / Skibola, Christine / Nuckolls, Colin

2023 Volume 28, Issue 2

Abstract: Interest in cultivating cannabis for medical and recreational purposes is increasing due to a dramatic shift in cannabis legislation worldwide. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the composition of secondary metabolites, cannabinoids, and ... ...

Abstract	Interest in cultivating cannabis for medical and recreational purposes is increasing due to a dramatic shift in cannabis legislation worldwide. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the composition of secondary metabolites, cannabinoids, and terpenes grown in different environmental conditions is of primary importance for the medical and recreational use of cannabis. We compared the terpene and cannabinoid profiles using gas/liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry for commercial cannabis from genetically identical plants grown indoors using artificial light and artificially grown media or outdoors grown in living soil and natural sunlight. By analyzing the cannabinoids, we found significant variations in the metabolomic profile of cannabis for the different environments. Overall, for both cultivars, there were significantly greater oxidized and degraded cannabinoids in the indoor-grown samples. Moreover, the outdoor-grown samples had significantly more unusual cannabinoids, such as C4- and C6-THCA. There were also significant differences in the terpene profiles between indoor- and outdoor-grown cannabis. The outdoor samples had a greater preponderance of sesquiterpenes including β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, α-bergamotene, α-guaiene, and germacrene B relative to the indoor samples.
MeSH term(s)	Cannabinoids/analysis ; Cannabis/chemistry ; Terpenes/analysis ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Hallucinogens/analysis ; Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Cannabinoids ; Terpenes ; Hallucinogens ; Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1413402-0
ISSN	1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
ISSN (online)	1420-3049
ISSN	1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
DOI	10.3390/molecules28020833
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Article ; Online: Identifying risk factors for B-cell lymphoma.

Flowers, Christopher R / Skibola, Christine F

Blood

2016 Volume 127, Issue 1, Page(s) 10–11

Abstract: In this issue of Blood, Melenotte and colleagues provide an interesting and provocative analysis of a potential novel risk factor for B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). ...

Abstract	In this issue of Blood, Melenotte and colleagues provide an interesting and provocative analysis of a potential novel risk factor for B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).
MeSH term(s)	Coxiella burnetii/pathogenicity ; Dendritic Cells/microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell/diagnosis ; Lymphoma, B-Cell/etiology ; Macrophages/microbiology ; Male ; Q Fever/complications
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-01-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	80069-7
ISSN	1528-0020 ; 0006-4971
ISSN (online)	1528-0020
ISSN	0006-4971
DOI	10.1182/blood-2015-11-677203
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Article: Obesity, diet and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Skibola, Christine F

Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology

2007 Volume 16, Issue 3, Page(s) 392–395

Abstract: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) represents a group of heterogeneous diseases that significantly vary in their causes, molecular profiles, and natural progression. In 2007, there will be approximately 59,000 newly diagnosed NHL cases in the United States and ... ...

Abstract	Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) represents a group of heterogeneous diseases that significantly vary in their causes, molecular profiles, and natural progression. In 2007, there will be approximately 59,000 newly diagnosed NHL cases in the United States and over 300,000 cases worldwide. Although new therapeutic regimens are minimizing the number of deaths related to NHL, causes for the majority of lymphomas remain undetermined. Recent studies suggest that dietary factors may contribute to the rising rates of NHL. This review will summarize epidemiologic reports that have studied the relationship between obesity, physical activity, and diet and risk of NHL. Based on a number of case-control and prospective cohort studies, overweight/obesity probably increases the risk of NHL, whereas moderate physical activity may reduce risk. Several studies support an inverse association between intakes of vegetables and NHL risk, particularly for the consumption of cruciferous vegetables. This may relate to the induction of apoptosis and growth arrest in preneoplastic and neoplastic cells, two important actions of isothiocyanates found in cruciferous vegetables. Studies also suggest that fish intake may be inversely associated with risk of NHL, although findings have not been entirely consistent. This may relate to the high organochlorine content in some fish that could override a protective effect. High consumption of fats, meat, and dairy products also may increase lymphoma risk. The accumulated scientific evidence concerning the associations between obesity, diet, and NHL suggests several identified modifiable risk factors that might be recommended to decrease lymphoma risk.
MeSH term(s)	Diet ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/epidemiology ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/etiology ; Motor Activity ; Obesity/complications ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Risk Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
ZDB-ID	1153420-5
ISSN	1055-9965
ISSN	1055-9965
DOI	10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-1081
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Article ; Online: The effect of Fucus vesiculosus, an edible brown seaweed, upon menstrual cycle length and hormonal status in three pre-menopausal women: a case report.

Skibola, Christine F

BMC complementary and alternative medicine

2004 Volume 4, Page(s) 10

Abstract: Background: Rates of estrogen-dependent cancers are among the highest in Western countries and lower in the East. These variations may be attributable to differences in dietary exposures such as higher seaweed consumption among Asian populations. The ... ...

Abstract	Background: Rates of estrogen-dependent cancers are among the highest in Western countries and lower in the East. These variations may be attributable to differences in dietary exposures such as higher seaweed consumption among Asian populations. The edible brown kelp, Fucus vesiculosus (bladderwrack), as well as other brown kelp species, lower plasma cholesterol levels. Since cholesterol is a precursor to sex hormone biosynthesis, kelp consumption may alter circulating sex hormone levels and menstrual cycling patterns. In particular, dietary kelp may be beneficial to women with or at high risk for estrogen-dependent diseases. To test this, bladderwrack was administered to three pre-menopausal women with abnormal menstrual cycling patterns and/or menstrual-related disease histories. Case presentation: Intake of bladderwrack was associated with significant increases in menstrual cycle lengths, ranging from an increase of 5.5 to 14 days. In addition, hormone measurements ascertained for one woman revealed significant anti-estrogenic and progestagenic effects following kelp administration. Mean baseline 17beta-estradiol levels were reduced from 626 +/- 91 to 164 +/- 30 pg/ml (P = 0.04) following 700 mg/d, which decreased further to 92.5.0 +/- 3.5pg/ml (P = 0.03) with the 1.4 g/d dose. Mean baseline progesterone levels rose from 0.58 +/- 0.14 to 8.4 +/- 2.6 ng/ml with the 700 mg/d dose (P = 0.1), which increased further to 16.8 +/- 0.7 ng/ml with the 1.4 g/d dose (P = 0.002). Conclusions: These pilot data suggest that dietary bladderwrack may prolong the length of the menstrual cycle and exert anti-estrogenic effects in pre-menopausal women. Further, these studies also suggest that seaweed may be another important dietary component apart from soy that is responsible for the reduced risk of estrogen-related cancers observed in Japanese populations. However, these studies will need to be performed in well-controlled clinical trials to confirm these preliminary findings.
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Endometriosis/complications ; Estradiol/blood ; Estrogen Antagonists/administration & dosage ; Female ; Fucus ; Humans ; Menorrhagia/drug therapy ; Menorrhagia/etiology ; Menstrual Cycle/drug effects ; Menstrual Cycle/physiology ; Menstruation Disturbances/drug therapy ; Menstruation Disturbances/etiology ; Phytotherapy ; Pilot Projects ; Progesterone/blood
Chemical Substances	Estrogen Antagonists ; Progesterone (4G7DS2Q64Y) ; Estradiol (4TI98Z838E)
Language	English
Publishing date	2004-08-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2050429-9
ISSN	1472-6882 ; 1472-6882
ISSN (online)	1472-6882
ISSN	1472-6882
DOI	10.1186/1472-6882-4-10
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Article ; Online: Arsenic immunotoxicity: a review.

Dangleben, Nygerma L / Skibola, Christine F / Smith, Martyn T

Environmental health : a global access science source

2013 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 73

Abstract: Exposure to arsenic (As) is a global public health problem because of its association with various cancers and numerous other pathological effects, and millions of people worldwide are exposed to As on a regular basis. Increasing lines of evidence ... ...

Abstract	Exposure to arsenic (As) is a global public health problem because of its association with various cancers and numerous other pathological effects, and millions of people worldwide are exposed to As on a regular basis. Increasing lines of evidence indicate that As may adversely affect the immune system, but its specific effects on immune function are poorly understood. Therefore, we conducted a literature search of non-cancer immune-related effects associated with As exposure and summarized the known immunotoxicological effects of As in humans, animals and in vitro models. Overall, the data show that chronic exposure to As has the potential to impair vital immune responses which could lead to increased risk of infections and chronic diseases, including various cancers. Although animal and in vitro models provide some insight into potential mechanisms of the As-related immunotoxicity observed in human populations, further investigation, particularly in humans, is needed to better understand the relationship between As exposure and the development of disease.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Arsenic/immunology ; Arsenic/toxicity ; Arsenic Poisoning/epidemiology ; Environmental Exposure ; Environmental Monitoring ; Environmental Pollutants/immunology ; Environmental Pollutants/toxicity ; Humans
Chemical Substances	Environmental Pollutants ; Arsenic (N712M78A8G)
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-09-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review
ISSN	1476-069X
ISSN (online)	1476-069X
DOI	10.1186/1476-069X-12-73
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Article ; Online: Serum protein profiling in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Riby, Jacques / Mobley, James / Zhang, Jianqing / Bracci, Paige M / Skibola, Christine F

Proteomics. Clinical applications

2016 Volume 10, Issue 11, Page(s) 1113–1121

Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this pilot study was to conduct a nontargeted exploratory proteomics profiling analysis on sera obtained from patients diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with the goal of identifying disease-specific biomarkers.: ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: The aim of this pilot study was to conduct a nontargeted exploratory proteomics profiling analysis on sera obtained from patients diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with the goal of identifying disease-specific biomarkers. Experimental design: Sera from 87 participants (57 chemotherapy-naïve diffuse DLBCL patients, 30 controls frequency-matched by age group and World Health Organization (WHO) BMI categories) that were part of a large San Francisco Bay Area case-control study of non-Hodgkin lymphoma were analyzed by liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry. Results: Thirty-five proteins (p-adjusted <0.05) were identified as differentially abundant between the DLBCL patients at various disease stages as compared to the controls. Of these, five proteins were randomly selected for further confirmation by ELISA: adiponectin (AdipoQ), cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14), heparin sulfate proteoglycan core protein (HSPG2), extracellular matrix 1 (ECM1), and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (ACT). These proteins were statistically significantly elevated by 68.8, 37.0, 61.6, 68.0, and 32.0%, respectively, in DLBCL patient sera as compared to controls. Conclusion and clinical relevance: These preliminary data when combined with other cancer-related data regarding these proteins warrant continued research in clinical and large prospective studies to clarify the role for these biomarkers in DLBCL pathogenesis and/or prognosis.
MeSH term(s)	Adiponectin/metabolism ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Proteins/metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism ; Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans/metabolism ; Humans ; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors/metabolism ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/blood ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology ; Mass Spectrometry ; Middle Aged ; Peptides/analysis ; Pilot Projects
Chemical Substances	Adiponectin ; Blood Proteins ; ECM1 protein, human ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins ; Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans ; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors ; Peptides ; perlecan (143972-95-6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-09-20
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2261788-7
ISSN	1862-8354 ; 1862-8346
ISSN (online)	1862-8354
ISSN	1862-8346
DOI	10.1002/prca.201600074
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Zs.A 6575: Show issues

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Article ; Online: A Fucus vesiculosus extract inhibits estrogen receptor activation and induces cell death in female cancer cell lines.

Zhang, Jianqing / Riby, Jacques E / Conde, Lucia / Grizzle, William E / Cui, Xiangqin / Skibola, Christine F

BMC complementary and alternative medicine

2016 Volume 16, Page(s) 151

Abstract: ... independent female cancer cell lines.: Methods: The CALUX® assay was used to determine the effect of a F ... Conclusions: Our study provides new insights into the anti-estrogenic activity of F. vesiculosus. Moreover ...

Abstract	Background: We previously reported the anti-estrogenic activity of the brown seaweed, Fucus vesiculosus. The present study aimed to further investigate its anti-estrogenic modes of action and to assess other potentially biologically relevant anti-tumorigenic effects in estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent and -independent female cancer cell lines. Methods: The CALUX® assay was used to determine the effect of a F. vesiculosus extract (FVE) on activation of the ER. Aromatase enzymatic activity was measured to determine the potential effect of FVE on estradiol (E2) biosynthesis. Transcriptional activity profiling of 248 genes involved in cancer, immunity, hormonal regulation, protein phosphorylation, transcription, metabolism, and cellular structure was conducted using the NanoString nCounter® analysis system in FVE-treated breast, ovarian and endometrial cancer cell lines. The effects of FVE on cell viability, morphology, membrane integrity, mitochondrial toxicity, induction of apoptotic and autophagic markers, and cell signaling were also analyzed. Results: In co-treatments with 12.5 pM (EC50) E2, FVE (2 %) reduced ER activation by 50 %, exhibiting potent ER antagonistic effects. FVE inhibited aromatase activity in an in vitro assay (IC50 2.0 %). ER-dependent and -independent cancer cell lines showed significantly decreased viability that correlated with increasing FVE concentrations and altered morphological features suggestive of apoptosis and autophagy. Expression of genes that were significantly altered by FVE (p < 0.05) revealed predominantly apoptotic, autophagic and kinase signaling pathways. FVE also effectively inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt, resulting in reduced mTORC1 activities to stimulate autophagy in cells. Concentration-dependent cleavage of PARP and induction of caspase-3 and -7 activities were observed in MDA-MB-231 cells supporting a role for FVE in the promotion of apoptosis. Conclusions: Our study provides new insights into the anti-estrogenic activity of F. vesiculosus. Moreover, the induction of autophagy and apoptosis on breast, endometrial and ovarian cancer cell lines suggests additional anti-tumorigenic actions of FVE that are independent of ER status in female cancers.
MeSH term(s)	Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/pharmacology ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Aromatase/metabolism ; Autophagy/drug effects ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Caspases/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Female ; Fucus/chemistry ; Gene Expression/drug effects ; Humans ; Receptors, Estrogen/antagonists & inhibitors
Chemical Substances	Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal ; Biomarkers ; Receptors, Estrogen ; Aromatase (EC 1.14.14.1) ; Caspases (EC 3.4.22.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-05-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2050429-9
ISSN	1472-6882 ; 1472-6882
ISSN (online)	1472-6882
ISSN	1472-6882
DOI	10.1186/s12906-016-1129-6
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Article ; Online: Argininosuccinate Synthase 1 is a Metabolic Regulator of Colorectal Cancer Pathogenicity.

Bateman, Leslie A / Ku, Wan-Min / Heslin, Martin J / Contreras, Carlo M / Skibola, Christine F / Nomura, Daniel K

ACS chemical biology

2017 Volume 12, Issue 4, Page(s) 905–911

Abstract: Like many cancer types, colorectal cancers have dysregulated metabolism that promotes their pathogenic features. In this study, we used the activity-based protein profiling chemoproteomic platform to profile cysteine-reactive metabolic enzymes that are ... ...

Abstract	Like many cancer types, colorectal cancers have dysregulated metabolism that promotes their pathogenic features. In this study, we used the activity-based protein profiling chemoproteomic platform to profile cysteine-reactive metabolic enzymes that are upregulated in primary human colorectal tumors. We identified argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1) as an upregulated target in primary human colorectal tumors and show that pharmacological inhibition or genetic ablation of ASS1 impairs colorectal cancer pathogenicity. Using metabolomic profiling, we show that ASS1 inhibition leads to reductions in the levels of oncogenic metabolite fumarate, leading to impairments in glycolytic metabolism that supports colorectal cancer cell pathogenicity. We show here that ASS1 inhibitors may represent a novel therapeutic approach for attenuating colorectal cancer through compromising critical metabolic and metabolite signaling pathways and demonstrate the utility of coupling chemoproteomic and metabolomic strategies to map novel metabolic regulators of cancer.
MeSH term(s)	Argininosuccinate Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors ; Argininosuccinate Synthase/metabolism ; Colorectal Neoplasms/enzymology ; Colorectal Neoplasms/metabolism ; Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Humans ; Metabolome ; Signal Transduction
Chemical Substances	Enzyme Inhibitors ; Argininosuccinate Synthase (EC 6.3.4.5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-04-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1554-8937
ISSN (online)	1554-8937
DOI	10.1021/acschembio.6b01158
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Article ; Online: The effect of Fucus vesiculosus , an edible brown seaweed, upon menstrual cycle length and hormonal status in three pre-menopausal women

Skibola Christine F

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Vol 4, Iss 1, p

a case report

2004 Volume 10

Abstract: Abstract Background Rates of estrogen-dependent cancers are among the highest in Western countries and lower in the East. These variations may be attributable to differences in dietary exposures such as higher seaweed consumption among Asian populations. ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Rates of estrogen-dependent cancers are among the highest in Western countries and lower in the East. These variations may be attributable to differences in dietary exposures such as higher seaweed consumption among Asian populations. The edible brown kelp, Fucus vesiculosus (bladderwrack), as well as other brown kelp species, lower plasma cholesterol levels. Since cholesterol is a precursor to sex hormone biosynthesis, kelp consumption may alter circulating sex hormone levels and menstrual cycling patterns. In particular, dietary kelp may be beneficial to women with or at high risk for estrogen-dependent diseases. To test this, bladderwrack was administered to three pre-menopausal women with abnormal menstrual cycling patterns and/or menstrual-related disease histories. Case Presentation Intake of bladderwrack was associated with significant increases in menstrual cycle lengths, ranging from an increase of 5.5 to 14 days. In addition, hormone measurements ascertained for one woman revealed significant anti-estrogenic and progestagenic effects following kelp administration. Mean baseline 17β-estradiol levels were reduced from 626 ± 91 to 164 ± 30 pg/ml ( P = 0.04) following 700 mg/d, which decreased further to 92.5.0 ± 3.5pg/ml ( P = 0.03) with the1.4 g/d dose. Mean baseline progesterone levels rose from 0.58 ± 0.14 to 8.4 ± 2.6 ng/ml with the 700 mg/d dose ( P = 0.1), which increased further to 16.8 ± 0.7 ng/ml with the 1.4 g/d dose ( P = 0.002). Conclusions These pilot data suggest that dietary bladderwrack may prolong the length of the menstrual cycle and exert anti-estrogenic effects in pre-menopausal women. Further, these studies also suggest that seaweed may be another important dietary component apart from soy that is responsible for the reduced risk of estrogen-related cancers observed in Japanese populations. However, these studies will need to be performed in well-controlled clinical trials to confirm these preliminary findings.
Keywords	Other systems of medicine ; RZ201-999
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2004-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Copy number variation analysis on a non-Hodgkin lymphoma case-control study identifies an 11q25 duplication associated with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Conde, Lucia / Riby, Jacques / Zhang, Jianqing / Bracci, Paige M / Skibola, Christine F

PloS one

2014 Volume 9, Issue 8, Page(s) e105382

Abstract: Recent GWAS have identified several susceptibility loci for NHL. Despite these successes, much of the heritable variation in NHL risk remains to be explained. Common copy-number variants are important genomic sources of variability, and hence a potential ...

Abstract	Recent GWAS have identified several susceptibility loci for NHL. Despite these successes, much of the heritable variation in NHL risk remains to be explained. Common copy-number variants are important genomic sources of variability, and hence a potential source to explain part of this missing heritability. In this study, we carried out a CNV analysis using GWAS data from 681 NHL cases and 749 controls to explore the relationship between common structural variation and lymphoma susceptibility. Here we found a novel association with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) risk involving a partial duplication of the C-terminus region of the LOC283177 long non-coding RNA that was further confirmed by quantitative PCR. For chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL), known somatic deletions were identified on chromosomes 13q14, 11q22-23, 14q32 and 22q11.22. Our study shows that GWAS data can be used to identify germline CNVs associated with disease risk for DLBCL and somatic CNVs for CLL/SLL.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Case-Control Studies ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics ; Trisomy/genetics ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	RNA, Long Noncoding
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-08-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0105382
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