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  1. Article ; Online: Machine Learning Approaches to Predict Asthma Exacerbations: A Narrative Review.

    Molfino, Nestor A / Turcatel, Gianluca / Riskin, Daniel

    Advances in therapy

    2023  Volume 41, Issue 2, Page(s) 534–552

    Abstract: The implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques in healthcare has garnered significant attention in recent years, especially as a result of their potential to revolutionize personalized medicine. Despite advances ... ...

    Abstract The implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques in healthcare has garnered significant attention in recent years, especially as a result of their potential to revolutionize personalized medicine. Despite advances in the treatment and management of asthma, a significant proportion of patients continue to suffer acute exacerbations, irrespective of disease severity and therapeutic regimen. The situation is further complicated by the constellation of factors that influence disease activity in a patient with asthma, such as medical history, biomarker phenotype, pulmonary function, level of healthcare access, treatment compliance, comorbidities, personal habits, and environmental conditions. A growing body of work has demonstrated the potential for AI and ML to accurately predict asthma exacerbations while also capturing the entirety of the patient experience. However, application in the clinical setting remains mostly unexplored, and important questions on the strengths and limitations of this technology remain. This review presents an overview of the rapidly evolving landscape of AI and ML integration into asthma management by providing a snapshot of the existing scientific evidence and proposing potential avenues for future applications.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Artificial Intelligence ; Machine Learning ; Asthma/diagnosis ; Asthma/drug therapy ; Precision Medicine ; Patient Acuity
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 632651-1
    ISSN 1865-8652 ; 0741-238X
    ISSN (online) 1865-8652
    ISSN 0741-238X
    DOI 10.1007/s12325-023-02743-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Toward a Predict and Prevent Approach in Obstructive Airway Diseases.

    Couillard, Simon / Petousi, Nayia / Smigiel, Kate S / Molfino, Nestor A

    The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 3, Page(s) 704–712

    Abstract: Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are currently diagnosed and treated after the demonstration of variable airflow limitation and symptoms. Under this framework, undiagnosed and unchecked airway inflammation is associated with recurrent ... ...

    Abstract Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are currently diagnosed and treated after the demonstration of variable airflow limitation and symptoms. Under this framework, undiagnosed and unchecked airway inflammation is associated with recurrent acute attacks, airway remodeling, airflow limitation, adverse effects of corticosteroids, and impaired quality of life, ultimately leading to the collection of side effects termed "people remodeling." This one-size-fits-all damage control approach aims to control symptoms and treat exacerbations rather than modify the underlying disease process. The advent of highly effective therapies targeting proximal drivers of airway inflammation calls for a paradigm shift; upstream-acting therapies offer potential to alter the disease course and achieve clinical remission. We propose moving away from downstream firefighting and toward a "predict and prevent" model, measuring inflammation and providing anti-inflammatory therapy early, without waiting for further clinical deterioration. Much in the same way that high blood pressure and cholesterol are used to predict and prevent heart attacks, in asthma, elevated blood eosinophils and/or exhaled nitric oxide can be used to predict and prevent asthma attacks. We also advocate moving research further upstream by identifying patients with subclinical airway inflammation or disease who may be at risk of progressing to airflow limitation and associated morbidities and intervening early to prevent them. In summary, we call for a predict and prevent approach in obstructive airway disease.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Quality of Life ; Asthma/diagnosis ; Asthma/drug therapy ; Asthma/prevention & control ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy ; Lung ; Nitric Oxide ; Eosinophils ; Inflammation/diagnosis
    Chemical Substances Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2843237-X
    ISSN 2213-2201 ; 2213-2198
    ISSN (online) 2213-2201
    ISSN 2213-2198
    DOI 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.01.008
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Targeting TSLP in Asthma.

    Parnes, Jane R / Molfino, Nestor A / Colice, Gene / Martin, Ubaldo / Corren, Jonathan / Menzies-Gow, Andrew

    Journal of asthma and allergy

    2022  Volume 15, Page(s) 749–765

    Abstract: Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an epithelial cell-derived cytokine implicated in the initiation and persistence of inflammatory pathways in asthma. Released in response to a range of epithelial insults (eg, allergens, viruses, bacteria, ... ...

    Abstract Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an epithelial cell-derived cytokine implicated in the initiation and persistence of inflammatory pathways in asthma. Released in response to a range of epithelial insults (eg, allergens, viruses, bacteria, pollutants, and smoke), TSLP initiates multiple downstream innate and adaptive immune responses involved in asthma inflammation. Inhibition of TSLP is postulated to represent a novel approach to treating the diverse phenotypes and endotypes of asthma. Tezepelumab, the TSLP inhibitor farthest along in clinical development, is a human monoclonal antibody (IgG2λ) that binds specifically to TSLP, preventing interactions with its heterodimeric receptor. Results of recently published phase 2 and 3 studies, reviewed in this article, provide evidence of the safety and efficacy of tezepelumab that builds on initial findings. Tezepelumab is safe, well tolerated, and provides clinically meaningful improvements in asthma control, including reduced incidence of exacerbations and hospitalizations in patients with severe asthma. Clinical benefits were associated with reductions in levels of a broad spectrum of cytokines (eg, interleukin [IL]-5, IL-13) and baseline biomarkers (eg, blood eosinophils, immunoglobulin [Ig]E, fractional exhaled nitric oxide [FeNO]) and were observed across a range of severe asthma phenotypes (ie, eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic). These data strengthen the notion that anti-TSLP elicits broad inhibitory effects on pathways that are key to asthma inflammation rather than on narrower inhibition of individual downstream factors. This review presents the rationale for targeting TSLP to treat asthma, as well as the clinical effects of TSLP blockade on asthma outcomes, biomarkers of disease activity, airway inflammation, lung physiology, and patient symptoms.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-03
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2494877-9
    ISSN 1178-6965
    ISSN 1178-6965
    DOI 10.2147/JAA.S275039
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Effect of Tezepelumab on Lung Function in Patients With Severe, Uncontrolled Asthma in the Phase 3 NAVIGATOR Study.

    Menzies-Gow, Andrew / Ambrose, Christopher S / Colice, Gene / Hunter, Gillian / Cook, Bill / Molfino, Nestor A / Llanos, Jean-Pierre / Israel, Elliot

    Advances in therapy

    2023  Volume 40, Issue 11, Page(s) 4957–4971

    Abstract: Introduction: Severe asthma is associated with airway inflammation and airway obstruction. In the phase 3 NAVIGATOR study, tezepelumab treatment significantly improved pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV: Methods: NAVIGATOR was a ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Severe asthma is associated with airway inflammation and airway obstruction. In the phase 3 NAVIGATOR study, tezepelumab treatment significantly improved pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV
    Methods: NAVIGATOR was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Patients (12-80 years old) receiving medium- or high-dose inhaled corticosteroids and at least one additional controller medication, with or without oral corticosteroids, were randomized 1:1 to tezepelumab 210 mg or placebo subcutaneously every 4 weeks for 52 weeks. Changes from baseline to week 52 in pre-bronchodilator FEV
    Results: Tezepelumab treatment improved all evaluated lung function parameters over 52 weeks compared with placebo [least-squares mean difference (95% confidence interval): pre-bronchodilator FEV
    Conclusion: These findings further support the benefits of tezepelumab treatment in improving airflow limitation in patients with severe, uncontrolled asthma.
    Clinical trial registration: NAVIGATOR (NCT03347279).
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Child ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bronchodilator Agents/therapeutic use ; Asthma/drug therapy ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use ; Lung ; Double-Blind Method ; Forced Expiratory Volume
    Chemical Substances Bronchodilator Agents ; tezepelumab (RJ1IW3B4QX) ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Multicenter Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 632651-1
    ISSN 1865-8652 ; 0741-238X
    ISSN (online) 1865-8652
    ISSN 0741-238X
    DOI 10.1007/s12325-023-02659-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Recent therapeutic breakthroughs in respiratory medicine.

    Molfino, Nestor A

    Expert review of respiratory medicine

    2013  Volume 7, Issue 4, Page(s) 331–333

    MeSH term(s) Aminophenols/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use ; Diarylquinolines/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Molecular Targeted Therapy/trends ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Pulmonary Medicine/trends ; Pyrazoles/therapeutic use ; Pyridines/therapeutic use ; Quinolones/therapeutic use ; Respiratory System Agents/adverse effects ; Respiratory System Agents/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Aminophenols ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Antitubercular Agents ; Diarylquinolines ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; Pyrazoles ; Pyridines ; Quinolones ; Respiratory System Agents ; ivacaftor (1Y740ILL1Z) ; crizotinib (53AH36668S) ; bedaquiline (78846I289Y)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2479146-5
    ISSN 1747-6356 ; 1747-6348
    ISSN (online) 1747-6356
    ISSN 1747-6348
    DOI 10.1586/17476348.2013.814388
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Reply to Lipworth and Chan.

    Ambrose, Christopher S / Israel, Elliot / Bowen, Karin / Llanos, Jean-Pierre / Martin, Neil / Cook, Bill / Hellqvist, Åsa / Korn, Stephanie / Menzies-Gow, Andrew / Roseti, Stephanie L / Molfino, Nestor A / Griffiths, Janet M / Parnes, Jane R

    American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

    2023  Volume 208, Issue 2, Page(s) 212–213

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1180953-x
    ISSN 1535-4970 ; 0003-0805 ; 1073-449X
    ISSN (online) 1535-4970
    ISSN 0003-0805 ; 1073-449X
    DOI 10.1164/rccm.202305-0843LE
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Targeting of eosinophils in asthma.

    Molfino, Nestor A

    Expert opinion on biological therapy

    2012  Volume 12, Issue 7, Page(s) 807–809

    Abstract: Severe asthma continues to be an important source of morbidity despite the availability of bronchodilators and corticosteroids. Although new treatments are needed, better identification of asthma phenotypes may improve treatment effectiveness. One ... ...

    Abstract Severe asthma continues to be an important source of morbidity despite the availability of bronchodilators and corticosteroids. Although new treatments are needed, better identification of asthma phenotypes may improve treatment effectiveness. One phenotype that has emerged is eosinophilic asthma. Eosinophils in asthma have been studied for many years, and the evidence suggests they play a major role in some forms of asthma. Eosinophilic asthma can be diagnosed using peripheral blood, sputum eosinophil count or exhaled nitric oxide. Depletion of eosinophils can be achieved by corticosteroids, specific anti-interleukin 5 (IL-5) or anti-IL-5-receptor-alpha therapies, or anti-immunoglobulin E approaches. This editorial refers to the approaches that are being taken in eosinophilic asthma with emphasis on the new investigational anti-IL-5-receptor-alpha antibody, benralizumab.
    MeSH term(s) Anti-Asthmatic Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Asthmatic Agents/therapeutic use ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Asthma/drug therapy ; Asthma/pathology ; Eosinophils/drug effects ; Eosinophils/pathology ; Humans
    Chemical Substances Anti-Asthmatic Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2052501-1
    ISSN 1744-7682 ; 1471-2598
    ISSN (online) 1744-7682
    ISSN 1471-2598
    DOI 10.1517/14712598.2012.674938
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Increased vagal airway tone in fatal asthma.

    Molfino, Nestor A

    Medical hypotheses

    2010  Volume 74, Issue 3, Page(s) 521–523

    Abstract: Slow-onset asthma deaths are characterized by eosinophilic airway infiltrates and thickening of the basal membrane, while rapid-onset asthma deaths are associated with fewer airway inflammatory changes, suggesting that bronchospasm may be responsible for ...

    Abstract Slow-onset asthma deaths are characterized by eosinophilic airway infiltrates and thickening of the basal membrane, while rapid-onset asthma deaths are associated with fewer airway inflammatory changes, suggesting that bronchospasm may be responsible for the latter events. Airway tone is primarily controlled by the autonomous nervous system and can be pharmacologically modified. Therapies that stimulate the sympathetic beta(2) adrenoreceptor or inhibit the muscarinic receptor signal transduction induce bronchodilation. Parasympathetic (vagal) airway tone is enhanced in some asthmatics due to a number of stimuli, while in others it is constitutively heightened. Mainstream asthma therapy, however, only consists of corticosteroids and beta(2) agonists, not addressing this aspect. In this publication, I propose that increased vagal airway tone resulting in overwhelming bronchoconstriction and mucus plugging could be responsible for the near-fatal or fatal events observed in a number of asthmatics, in spite of their adequate treatment with standard therapies. On the basis of this hypothesis, I recommend that vagal airway tone be assessed in all patients with asthma, particularly in those with a history of near-fatal events. If the airway tone is increased, individuals should be treated with a triple combination of long-acting beta(2) agonists, inhaled steroids, and inhaled anticholinergics to prevent vagally mediated fatal events.
    MeSH term(s) Asthma/etiology ; Asthma/mortality ; Asthma/physiopathology ; Bronchi/innervation ; Bronchi/physiopathology ; Bronchial Diseases/complications ; Bronchial Diseases/mortality ; Bronchial Diseases/physiopathology ; Comorbidity ; Constriction, Pathologic/complications ; Constriction, Pathologic/mortality ; Constriction, Pathologic/physiopathology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Models, Biological ; Vagus Nerve/physiopathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 193145-3
    ISSN 1532-2777 ; 0306-9877
    ISSN (online) 1532-2777
    ISSN 0306-9877
    DOI 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.10.002
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Efficacy of Tezepelumab in Severe, Uncontrolled Asthma: Pooled Analysis of the PATHWAY and NAVIGATOR Clinical Trials.

    Corren, Jonathan / Menzies-Gow, Andrew / Chupp, Geoffrey / Israel, Elliot / Korn, Stephanie / Cook, Bill / Ambrose, Christopher S / Hellqvist, Åsa / Roseti, Stephanie L / Molfino, Nestor A / Llanos, Jean-Pierre / Martin, Neil / Bowen, Karin / Griffiths, Janet M / Parnes, Jane R / Colice, Gene

    American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

    2023  Volume 208, Issue 1, Page(s) 13–24

    Abstract: Rationale: ...

    Abstract Rationale:
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Adolescent ; Humans ; Young Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Child ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anti-Asthmatic Agents/therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Asthma/drug therapy ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method
    Chemical Substances tezepelumab (RJ1IW3B4QX) ; Anti-Asthmatic Agents ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1180953-x
    ISSN 1535-4970 ; 0003-0805 ; 1073-449X
    ISSN (online) 1535-4970
    ISSN 0003-0805 ; 1073-449X
    DOI 10.1164/rccm.202210-2005OC
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Effect of Biologic Therapies on Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Allergic Response: A Systematic Literature Review.

    Spahn, Joseph D / Brightling, Christopher E / O'Byrne, Paul M / Simpson, Lisa J / Molfino, Nestor A / Ambrose, Christopher S / Martin, Neil / Hallstrand, Teal S

    Journal of asthma and allergy

    2023  Volume 16, Page(s) 755–774

    Abstract: Background: Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is a key feature of asthma. Biologic therapies used to treat asthma target specific components of the inflammatory pathway, and their effects on AHR can provide valuable information about the underlying ... ...

    Abstract Background: Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is a key feature of asthma. Biologic therapies used to treat asthma target specific components of the inflammatory pathway, and their effects on AHR can provide valuable information about the underlying disease pathophysiology. This review summarizes the available evidence regarding the effects of biologics on allergen-specific and non-allergen-specific airway responses in patients with asthma.
    Methods: We conducted a systematic review in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, including risk-of-bias assessment. PubMed and Ovid were searched for studies published between January 1997 and December 2021. Eligible studies were randomized, placebo-controlled trials that assessed the effects of biologics on AHR, early allergic response (EAR) and/or late allergic response (LAR) in patients with asthma.
    Results: Thirty studies were identified for inclusion. Bronchoprovocation testing was allergen-specific in 18 studies and non-allergen-specific in 12 studies. Omalizumab reduced AHR to methacholine, acetylcholine or adenosine monophosphate (3/9 studies), and reduced EAR (4/5 studies) and LAR (2/3 studies). Mepolizumab had no effect on AHR (3/3 studies), EAR or LAR (1/1 study). Tezepelumab reduced AHR to methacholine or mannitol (3/3 studies), and reduced EAR and LAR (1/1 study). Pitrakinra reduced LAR, with no effect on AHR (1/1 study). Etanercept reduced AHR to methacholine (1/2 studies). No effects were observed for lebrikizumab, tocilizumab, efalizumab, IMA-638 and anti-OX40 ligand on AHR, EAR or LAR; benralizumab on LAR; tralokinumab on AHR; and Ro-24-7472 on AHR or LAR (all 1/1 study each). No dupilumab or reslizumab studies were identified.
    Conclusion: Omalizumab and tezepelumab reduced EAR and LAR to allergens. Tezepelumab consistently reduced AHR to methacholine or mannitol. These findings provide insights into AHR mechanisms and the precise effects of asthma biologics. Furthermore, findings suggest that tezepelumab broadly targets allergen-specific and non-allergic forms of AHR, and the underlying cells and mediators involved in asthma.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-21
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2494877-9
    ISSN 1178-6965
    ISSN 1178-6965
    DOI 10.2147/JAA.S410592
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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