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  1. Article ; Online: D-dimer assays for the identification of menstrual blood.

    Baker, David J / Grimes, Eileen A / Hopwood, Andrew J

    Forensic science international

    2011  Volume 212, Issue 1-3, Page(s) 210–214

    Abstract: ... of fibrinolysis. Here, four assays for D-dimer, a terminal degradation product of fibrinolysis, are evaluated ... for their specificity and sensitivity in detection of menstrual blood. In addition the effect of exercise, and sample storage upon D ... in results given. Nevertheless, no positive results for D-dimer were obtained using peripheral blood ...

    Abstract A method to reliably distinguish menstrual blood from blood in the normal circulation (peripheral blood) would be of considerable use in the forensic analysis and interpretation of evidence in sexual offence investigations. Previous attempts to address this issue have explored microscopy, lactate dehydrogenase isozyme identification, mRNA and miRNA profiling, and identification of the products of fibrinolysis. Here, four assays for D-dimer, a terminal degradation product of fibrinolysis, are evaluated for their specificity and sensitivity in detection of menstrual blood. In addition the effect of exercise, and sample storage upon D-dimer detection was investigated. Comparison of different assays revealed significant differences in results given. Nevertheless, no positive results for D-dimer were obtained using peripheral blood, mixtures of peripheral blood with semen, or peripheral blood taken from donors after moderate exercise. D-dimer was found to be detectable in 100% of menstrual blood samples after 1 week at room temperature and also in samples stored long-term (>3 years) at -20 °C. D-dimer may be an effective, simple to use tool for the presumptive identification of menstrual blood identification.
    MeSH term(s) Blood Specimen Collection ; Blood Stains ; Female ; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products/analysis ; Forensic Medicine/methods ; Humans ; Menstruation/blood ; Sampling Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity
    Chemical Substances Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products ; fibrin fragment D
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-10-10
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 424042-x
    ISSN 1872-6283 ; 0379-0738
    ISSN (online) 1872-6283
    ISSN 0379-0738
    DOI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.06.013
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Carbamylation of proteins in 2-D electrophoresis--myth or reality?

    McCarthy, John / Hopwood, Femia / Oxley, David / Laver, Matthew / Castagna, Annalisa / Righetti, Pier Giorgio / Williams, Keith / Herbert, Ben

    Journal of proteome research

    2003  Volume 2, Issue 3, Page(s) 239–242

    Abstract: Carbamylation is widely quoted as being a problem in 2-D gel analysis and the associated ... in sample preparation and 2-D gels because of its ability to disrupt protein structure and effect denaturation ...

    Abstract Carbamylation is widely quoted as being a problem in 2-D gel analysis and the associated sample preparation steps. This modification occurs when iso-cyanate, a urea break-down product, covalently modifies lysine residues, thus inducing a change in isoelectric point. Urea is used at up to 9 M concentrations in sample preparation and 2-D gels because of its ability to disrupt protein structure and effect denaturation without the need for ionic surfactants such as SDS. We have studied carbamylation using 7 M urea and 2 M thiourea, under a range of experimental temperatures to establish when, and if, it occurs and what can be done to minimize the modification. The actual time required for protein extraction from a tissue is usually short compared to the time required for procedures such as reduction and alkylation and IPG rehydration and focusing. Therefore, it is the temperature during these post-extraction procedures that is the most critical factor. Our experiments have shown that carbamylation does not occur during electrophoresis in the presence of urea, even with prolonged run-times. However, under poorly controlled sample preparation and storage conditions, it can become a major event.
    MeSH term(s) Alkylation ; Carbamates/chemistry ; Chemical Fractionation/methods ; Cyanates/chemistry ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; Escherichia coli/chemistry ; Proteins/chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
    Chemical Substances Carbamates ; Cyanates ; Proteins ; carbamic acid (O0UC6XOS4H) ; isocyanic acid (QKG6U31925)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2003-06-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2078618-9
    ISSN 1535-3893
    ISSN 1535-3893
    DOI 10.1021/pr025564b
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Sanfilippo syndrome type D in two adolescent sisters.

    Siciliano, L / Fiumara, A / Pavone, L / Freeman, C / Robertson, D / Morris, C P / Hopwood, J J / Di Natale, P / Musumeci, S / Horwitz, A L

    Journal of medical genetics

    1991  Volume 28, Issue 6, Page(s) 402–405

    Abstract: We report on two adolescent sisters with Sanfilippo syndrome type D with some clinical features ... of Sanfilippo syndrome type D. ...

    Abstract We report on two adolescent sisters with Sanfilippo syndrome type D with some clinical features different from other cases previously described. They are the oldest cases reported to date and provide new clues about the course of the disease. Enzymatic and immunological characterisation of the patients' fibroblasts indicated deficiency of N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulphate sulphatase (GlcNAc-6S sulphatase). However, Northern blot analysis showed apparently normal mRNA encoding GlcNAc-6S sulphatase. These findings suggest that abnormal translation or premature degradation may be responsible for the enzyme defect in these cases of Sanfilippo syndrome type D.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Blotting, Western ; Female ; Fibroblasts/enzymology ; Humans ; Mucopolysaccharidosis III/genetics ; Sibling Relations ; Sulfatases/deficiency ; Sulfatases/genetics ; Sulfatases/isolation & purification
    Chemical Substances Sulfatases (EC 3.1.6.-) ; N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase (EC 3.1.6.14)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1991-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 220881-7
    ISSN 1468-6244 ; 0022-2593
    ISSN (online) 1468-6244
    ISSN 0022-2593
    DOI 10.1136/jmg.28.6.402
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Prolactin response to d-fenfluramine in combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder.

    Schweitzer, Isaac / Morris, Philip / Hopwood, Malcolm / Maguire, Kay / Norman, Trevor

    The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology

    2004  Volume 7, Issue 3, Page(s) 291–298

    Abstract: ... to the serotonin releasing/uptake agent, d-fenfluramine. This study investigated the effect of diagnosis ... depressive symptoms and history of alcohol or tobacco abuse or dependence on the d-fenfluramine test in combat-related ... prolactin responses to a 30-mg d-fenfluramine challenge test. Ninety-five subjects were studied; 23 were ...

    Abstract Central serotonergic function can be investigated by measuring the prolactin response to the serotonin releasing/uptake agent, d-fenfluramine. This study investigated the effect of diagnosis, depressive symptoms and history of alcohol or tobacco abuse or dependence on the d-fenfluramine test in combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Male, non-hospitalized combat-exposed veterans diagnosed with PTSD (DSM-III-R) and a similarly aged combat-exposed control group were assessed for both PTSD and depressive symptoms and prolactin responses to a 30-mg d-fenfluramine challenge test. Ninety-five subjects were studied; 23 were controls, 46 subjects met the criteria for current PTSD and 26 for past PTSD. There were no significant differences between the three groups for baseline prolactin, peak prolactin, and time to reach peak, delta prolactin or area under the curve of the prolactin vs. time curve. Depressive symptoms and history of alcohol or tobacco abuse or dependence did not have a confounding effect on the prolactin responses to d-fenfluramine. This study suggests that a blunted prolactin response to d-fenfluramine may be a consequence of combat exposure rather than PTSD. To confirm this, further studies involving both healthy and combat-exposed control groups in addition to subjects with PTSD of similar ages are required.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Alcoholism/complications ; Area Under Curve ; Combat Disorders/drug therapy ; Combat Disorders/psychology ; Female ; Fenfluramine/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prolactin/blood ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/drug therapy ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology ; Tobacco Use Disorder/complications ; Veterans
    Chemical Substances Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors ; Fenfluramine (2DS058H2CF) ; Prolactin (9002-62-4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1440129-0
    ISSN 1469-5111 ; 1461-1457
    ISSN (online) 1469-5111
    ISSN 1461-1457
    DOI 10.1017/S1461145704004195
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Blunted prolactin response to D-fenfluramine in post-stroke major depression.

    Morris, Philip / Hopwood, Malcolm / Maguire, Kay / Norman, Trevor / Schweitzer, Isaac

    Journal of affective disorders

    2003  Volume 76, Issue 1-3, Page(s) 273–278

    Abstract: ... Patients were administered 30 mg D-fenfluramine orally and plasma prolactin and D-fenfluramine ... Patients suffering from major depression in the post-stroke period have a blunted prolactin response to D ...

    Abstract Background: This study investigated whether patients suffering from post-stroke depressive disorder had a similar disturbance in central serotonergic function to that described in non-brain injured depressed patients.
    Methods: Twenty-three depressed patients (nine major, 14 minor) and 38 non-depressed patients were examined 4-8 weeks post-stroke with a structured interview, rating scales and MRI brain scans. Patients were administered 30 mg D-fenfluramine orally and plasma prolactin and D-fenfluramine concentrations were measured for 6 h post-dose.
    Results: The prolactin response was significantly blunted in major depression compared to minor depression and non-depressed patients as measured by both delta prolactin and area under the prolactin versus time curve. There was no significant relationship between prolactin response and lesion lateralization or any of the measured clinical characteristics.
    Limitations: The major limitation of the study is the relatively small number in each depressive group.
    Conclusions: Patients suffering from major depression in the post-stroke period have a blunted prolactin response to D-fenfluramine. This indicates a serotonergic abnormality consistent with that found in major depression where neurological disease is not present.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Depressive Disorder/drug therapy ; Depressive Disorder/etiology ; Female ; Fenfluramine/pharmacology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prolactin/blood ; Serotonin Agents/pharmacology ; Stroke/complications ; Stroke/psychology ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Serotonin Agents ; Fenfluramine (2DS058H2CF) ; Prolactin (9002-62-4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2003-08-13
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 135449-8
    ISSN 1573-2517 ; 0165-0327
    ISSN (online) 1573-2517
    ISSN 0165-0327
    DOI 10.1016/s0165-0327(02)00078-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Personality and Compassion for Animals

    Hopwood, Christopher J. / Stahlmann, Alexander G. / Bleidorn, Wiebke

    Anthrozoös. 2023 Jan. 02, v. 36, no. 1 p.69-81

    2023  

    Abstract: ... trait domains, (b) Big Five trait aspects, (c) maladaptive Big Five trait domains, (d) interpersonal ...

    Abstract People vary in their compassion for animals, likely due in part to more variation in more basic personality and interpersonal behavior attributes. Previous research has generally suggested that more communal and agreeable people also tend to be more compassionate to animals. However, this research is limited regarding the range and depth of individual differences used to examine this issue. The goal of this preregistered study was to extend previous research by examining associations between compassion for animals and a wider range of variables than has been previously examined. In a representative sample of American adults (n = 992), we tested associations between compassion for animals and (a) Big Five personality trait domains, (b) Big Five trait aspects, (c) maladaptive Big Five trait domains, (d) interpersonal values, and (e) interpersonal problems. Results supported our hypothesis that compassion for animals is related to communion/agreeableness and openness to experience. Consistent with our hypotheses, the compassionate aspect of agreeableness drove correlations with that trait. Contrary to our hypotheses, maladaptive antagonism was not more strongly related to compassion for animals than normal-range agreeableness. The results provide a fuller portrait of the personological foundation of compassion for animals. Specifically, people who are more communal/agreeable and open tend to be more compassionate toward animals. This suggests that personality-related patterns of behavior among humans extend to human-animal interactions. Results also provide a basis for future work examining the mechanisms underlying human compassion for animals.
    Keywords antagonism ; humans ; people ; personality ; Animals ; compassion ; human–animal interaction ; interpersonal ; traits
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-0102
    Size p. 69-81.
    Publishing place Routledge
    Document type Article ; Online
    ISSN 1753-0377
    DOI 10.1080/08927936.2022.2084996
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article ; Online: Meta-analysis of personality trait differences between omnivores, vegetarians, and vegans.

    Reist, Marina E / Bleidorn, Wiebke / Milfont, Taciano L / Hopwood, Christopher J

    Appetite

    2023  Volume 191, Page(s) 107085

    Abstract: ... ns were significantly higher in Openness (d = 0.40) and Agreeableness (d = 0.17) than omnivores ... while vegans were significantly higher in Openness (d = 0.14) than vegetarians. This work isolates Openness and ...

    Abstract Vegetarian and vegan diets have been increasing in the Western world. Recent research has focused on personality trait differences between dietary groups, in part because personality traits are broad characteristics that can integrate findings about different factors that motivate vegetarian or vegan diets. Previous research on personality predictors of vegetarian and vegan (veg*n) diet, however, has yielded inconsistent results. The goal of this study was to integrate the existing results of Big Five personality differences between veg*ns and omnivores as well as between vegetarians and vegans. To this end, we meta-analyzed data from 15 studies and N = 69,576 individuals from several countries. Results indicated that veg*ns were significantly higher in Openness (d = 0.40) and Agreeableness (d = 0.17) than omnivores, while vegans were significantly higher in Openness (d = 0.14) than vegetarians. This work isolates Openness and Agreeableness as important trait predictors of plant-based diets and sets the stage for future work on the factors that motivate vegetarian or vegan diet. Personality traits can provide an integrative framework for conceptualizing dietary preferences, be used to make predictions about the sources, course and correlates of dietary choices, and potentially be useful for advocates and policymakers seeking to tailor meat-reduction interventions.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1461347-5
    ISSN 1095-8304 ; 0195-6663
    ISSN (online) 1095-8304
    ISSN 0195-6663
    DOI 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107085
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Generation of Data-Driven Expected Energy Models for Photovoltaic Systems

    Michael W. Hopwood / Thushara Gunda

    Applied Sciences, Vol 12, Iss 1872, p

    2022  Volume 1872

    Abstract: ... Radj2Radj ...

    Abstract Although unique expected energy models can be generated for a given photovoltaic (PV) site, a standardized model is also needed to facilitate performance comparisons across fleets. Current standardized expected energy models for PV work well with sparse data, but they have demonstrated significant over-estimations, which impacts accurate diagnoses of field operations and maintenance issues. This research addresses this issue by using machine learning to develop a data-driven expected energy model that can more accurately generate inferences for energy production of PV systems. Irradiance and system capacity information was used from 172 sites across the United States to train a series of models using Lasso linear regression. The trained models generally perform better than the commonly used expected energy model from international standard (IEC 61724-1), with the two highest performing models ranging in model complexity from a third-order polynomial with 10 parameters ( <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msubsup><mi>R</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>j</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msubsup></semantics></math> = 0.994) to a simpler, second-order polynomial with 4 parameters ( <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mi>R</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>j</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msubsup><mo>=</mo><mn>0.993</mn></mrow></semantics></math> ), the latter of which is subject to further evaluation. Subsequently, the trained models provide a more robust basis for identifying potential energy anomalies for operations and maintenance activities as well as informing planning-related financial assessments. We conclude with directions for future research, such as using splines to improve ...
    Keywords photovoltaic systems ; expected energy models ; fleet-scale ; lasso regression ; performance modeling ; machine learning ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 690
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article: Saposins A, B, C, and D in plasma of patients with lysosomal storage disorders.

    Chang, M H / Bindloss, C A / Grabowski, G A / Qi, X / Winchester, B / Hopwood, J J / Meikle, P J

    Clinical chemistry

    1999  Volume 46, Issue 2, Page(s) 167–174

    Abstract: ... for potential markers of LSDs, we measured saposins A, B, C, and D in patients with these disorders.: Methods ... of LSD patients; saposins B, C, and D were increased in 25%, 61%, and 57%, respectively. Saposins were ...

    Abstract Background: Early diagnosis of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), before the onset of irreversible pathology, will be critical for maximum efficacy of many current and proposed therapies. To search for potential markers of LSDs, we measured saposins A, B, C, and D in patients with these disorders.
    Methods: Four time-delayed fluorescence immunoquantification assays were used to measure each of the saposins in plasma from 111 unaffected individuals and 334 LSD-affected individuals, representing 28 different disorders.
    Results: Saposin A was increased above the 95th centile of the control population in 59% of LSD patients; saposins B, C, and D were increased in 25%, 61%, and 57%, respectively. Saposins were increased in patients from several LSD groups that in previous studies did not show an increase of lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP-1).
    Conclusion: Saposins may be useful markers for LSDs when used in conjunction with LAMP-1.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, CD/blood ; Biomarkers/blood ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Immunoassay ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Lysosomal Storage Diseases/blood ; Lysosomal Membrane Proteins ; Membrane Glycoproteins/blood ; Middle Aged ; Saponins/blood ; Sensitivity and Specificity
    Chemical Substances Antigens, CD ; Biomarkers ; Lysosomal Membrane Proteins ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; Saponins
    Language English
    Publishing date 1999-12-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 80102-1
    ISSN 1530-8561 ; 0009-9147
    ISSN (online) 1530-8561
    ISSN 0009-9147
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: The relationship between the body and air temperature in a terrestrial ectotherm.

    Gardner, Alexandra S / Maclean, Ilya M D / Rodríguez-Muñoz, Rolando / Hopwood, Paul E / Mills, Kali / Wotherspoon, Ross / Tregenza, Tom

    Ecology and evolution

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 2, Page(s) e11019

    Abstract: Ectotherms make up the majority of terrestrial biodiversity, so it is important to understand their potential responses to climate change. Often, models aiming to achieve this understanding correlate species distributions with ambient air temperature. ... ...

    Abstract Ectotherms make up the majority of terrestrial biodiversity, so it is important to understand their potential responses to climate change. Often, models aiming to achieve this understanding correlate species distributions with ambient air temperature. However, this assumes a constant relationship between the air temperature and body temperature, which determines an ectotherm's thermal performance. To test this assumption, we develop and validate a method for retrospective estimation of ectotherm body temperature using heat exchange equations. We apply the model to predict the body temperature of wild field crickets (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2635675-2
    ISSN 2045-7758
    ISSN 2045-7758
    DOI 10.1002/ece3.11019
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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