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  1. Book: Antiretroviral resistance in clinical practice

    Geretti, Anna Maria

    2006  

    Author's details ed. by Anna Maria Geretti
    Keywords HIV Infections / drug therapy ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Anti-HIV Agents / pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; HIV-1 / drug effects
    Language English
    Size VIII, 178 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Publisher Mediscript
    Publishing place London
    Publishing country Great Britain
    Document type Book
    HBZ-ID HT015010113
    ISBN 0-9551669-0-X ; 978-0-9551669-0-7
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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  2. Article ; Online: Utility of accessible SARS-CoV-2 specific immunoassays in vaccinated adults with a history of advanced HIV infection.

    Ferrari, Ludovica / Ruggiero, Alessandra / Stefani, Chiara / Benedetti, Livia / Piermatteo, Lorenzo / Andreassi, Eleonora / Caldara, Federica / Zace, Drieda / Pagliari, Matteo / Ceccherini-Silberstein, Francesca / Jones, Christopher / Iannetta, Marco / Geretti, Anna Maria

    Scientific reports

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 8337

    Abstract: Accessible SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoassays may inform clinical management in people with HIV, particularly in case of persisting immunodysfunction. We prospectively studied their application in vaccine recipients with HIV, purposely including ... ...

    Abstract Accessible SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoassays may inform clinical management in people with HIV, particularly in case of persisting immunodysfunction. We prospectively studied their application in vaccine recipients with HIV, purposely including participants with a history of advanced HIV infection. Participants received one (n = 250), two (n = 249) or three (n = 42) doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Adverse events were documented through questionnaires. Sample collection occurred pre-vaccination and a median of 4 weeks post-second dose and 14 weeks post-third dose. Anti-spike and anti-nucleocapsid antibodies were measured with the Roche Elecsys chemiluminescence immunoassays. Neutralising activity was evaluated using the GenScript cPass surrogate virus neutralisation test, following validation against a Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test. T-cell reactivity was assessed with the Roche SARS-CoV-2 IFNγ release assay. Primary vaccination (2 doses) was well tolerated and elicited measurable anti-spike antibodies in 202/206 (98.0%) participants. Anti-spike titres varied widely, influenced by previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure, ethnicity, intravenous drug use, CD4 counts and HIV viremia as independent predictors. A third vaccine dose significantly boosted anti-spike and neutralising responses, reducing variability. Anti-spike titres > 15 U/mL correlated with neutralising activity in 136/144 paired samples (94.4%). Three participants with detectable anti-S antibodies did not develop cPass neutralising responses post-third dose, yet displayed SARS-CoV-2 specific IFNγ responses. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is well-tolerated and immunogenic in adults with HIV, with responses improving post-third dose. Anti-spike antibodies serve as a reliable indicator of neutralising activity. Discordances between anti-spike and neutralising responses were accompanied by detectable IFN-γ responses, underlining the complexity of the immune response in this population.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Animals ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; BNT162 Vaccine ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; HIV Infections ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Immunoassay ; Antibodies ; Spiders ; Vaccination ; Antibodies, Viral ; Antibodies, Neutralizing
    Chemical Substances BNT162 Vaccine ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Antibodies ; Antibodies, Viral ; Antibodies, Neutralizing
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-024-58597-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Diagnostic performance evaluation of hepatitis B e antigen rapid diagnostic tests in Malawi.

    Stockdale, Alexander J / Silungwe, Niza M / Shawa, Isaac Thom / Kreuels, Benno / Gordon, Melita A / Geretti, Anna Maria

    BMC infectious diseases

    2021  Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 487

    Abstract: Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has targeted a reduction in viral hepatitis-related mortality by 65% and incidence by 90% by 2030, necessitating enhanced hepatitis B treatment and prevention programmes in low- and middle-income countries. ...

    Abstract Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has targeted a reduction in viral hepatitis-related mortality by 65% and incidence by 90% by 2030, necessitating enhanced hepatitis B treatment and prevention programmes in low- and middle-income countries. Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status is used in the assessment of eligibility for antiviral treatment and for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT). Accordingly, the WHO has classified HBeAg rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) as essential medical devices.
    Methods: We assessed the performance characteristics of three commercially available HBeAg RDTs (SD Bioline, Alere, South Africa; Creative Diagnostics, USA; and Biopanda Reagents, UK) in two hepatitis B surface antigen-positive cohorts in Blantyre, Malawi: participants of a community study (n = 100) and hospitalised patients with cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 94). Two investigators, blinded to the reference test result, independently assessed each assay. We used an enzyme-linked immunoassay (Monolisa HBeAg, Bio-Rad, France) as a reference test and quantified HBeAg concentration using dilutions of the WHO HBeAg standard. We related the findings to HBV DNA levels, and evaluated treatment eligibility using the TREAT-B score.
    Results: Among 194 HBsAg positive patients, median age was 37 years, 42% were femaleand 26% were HIV co-infected. HBeAg prevalence was 47/194 (24%). The three RDTs showed diagnostic sensitivity of 28% (95% CI 16-43), 53% (38-68) and 72% (57-84) and specificity of 96-100% for detection of HBeAg. Overall inter-rater agreement κ statistic was high at 0.9-1.0. Sensitivity for identifying patients at the threshold where antiviral treatment is recommended for PMTCT, with HBV DNA > 200,000 IU/ml (39/194; 20%), was 22, 49 and 54% respectively. Using the RDTs in place of the reference HBeAg assay resulted in 3/43 (9%), 5/43 (12%) and 8/43 (19%) of patients meeting the TREAT-B treatment criteria being misclassified as ineligible for treatment. A relationship between HBeAg concentration and HBeAg detection by RDT was observed. A minimum HBeAg concentration of 2.2-3.1 log
    Conclusions: Commercially available HBeAg RDTs lack sufficient sensitivity to accurately classify hepatitis B patients in Malawi. This has implications for hepatitis B public health programs in sub-Saharan Africa. Alternative diagnostic assays are recommended.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Coinfection/virology ; DNA, Viral/analysis ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine/methods ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods ; HIV Infections/complications ; Hepatitis B/complications ; Hepatitis B/diagnosis ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/analysis ; Hepatitis B e Antigens/blood ; Hepatitis B virus/immunology ; Hepatitis B virus/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control ; Malawi ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Serologic Tests
    Chemical Substances Antiviral Agents ; DNA, Viral ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B e Antigens
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1471-2334
    ISSN (online) 1471-2334
    DOI 10.1186/s12879-021-06134-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Genital herpes.

    Geretti, A M

    Sexually transmitted infections

    2006  Volume 82 Suppl 4, Page(s) iv31–4

    MeSH term(s) Cell Culture Techniques ; DNA, Viral/analysis ; Female ; Herpes Genitalis/diagnosis ; Herpes Genitalis/virology ; Herpesvirus 1, Human/isolation & purification ; Herpesvirus 2, Human/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Immunoassay/methods ; Immunoassay/standards ; Male ; Mass Screening/methods ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/standards ; Risk Factors ; Secondary Prevention ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Vaginal Smears/standards
    Chemical Substances DNA, Viral
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Practice Guideline
    ZDB-ID 1420303-0
    ISSN 1472-3263 ; 1368-4973
    ISSN (online) 1472-3263
    ISSN 1368-4973
    DOI 10.1136/sti.2006.023200
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Corrigendum: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection and Re-activation During Nucleos(t)ide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor-Sparing Antiretroviral Therapy in a High-HBV Endemicity Setting.

    Abdullahi, Adam / Fopoussi, Olga Mafotsing / Torimiro, Judith / Atkins, Mark / Kouanfack, Charles / Geretti, Anna Maria

    Open forum infectious diseases

    2019  Volume 6, Issue 4, Page(s) ofz142

    Abstract: This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofy251.]. ...

    Abstract [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofy251.].
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-04-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 2757767-3
    ISSN 2328-8957
    ISSN 2328-8957
    DOI 10.1093/ofid/ofz142
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Effectiveness of integrase strand transfer inhibitors in HIV-infected treatment-experienced individuals across Europe.

    Rossetti, Barbara / Fabbiani, Massimiliano / Di Carlo, Domenico / Incardona, Francesca / Abecasis, Ana / Gomes, Perpetua / Geretti, Anna Maria / Seguin-Devaux, Carole / Garcia, Federico / Kaiser, Rolf / Modica, Sara / Shallvari, Adrian / Sönnerborg, Anders / Zazzi, Maurizio

    HIV medicine

    2022  Volume 23, Issue 7, Page(s) 774–789

    Abstract: Objectives: To explore the effectiveness and durability of integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based regimens in pre-treated subjects.: Methods: Treatment-experienced individuals starting an INSTI-based regimen during 2012-2019 were selected ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: To explore the effectiveness and durability of integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based regimens in pre-treated subjects.
    Methods: Treatment-experienced individuals starting an INSTI-based regimen during 2012-2019 were selected from the INTEGRATE collaborative study. The time to virological failure [VF: one measurement of viral load (VL) ≥ 1000 copies/mL or two ≥ 50 copies/ml or one VL measurement ≥ 50 copies/mL followed by treatment change] and to INSTI discontinuation were evaluated.
    Results: Of 13 560 treatments analysed, 4284 were from INSTI-naïve, non-viraemic (IN-NV) individuals, 1465 were from INSTI-naïve, viraemic (IN-V) individuals, 6016 were from INSTI-experienced, non-viraemic (IE-NV) individuals and 1795 were from INSTI-experienced, viraemic (IE-V) individuals. Major INSTI drug resistance mutations (DRMs) were previously detected in 4/519 (0.8%) IN-NV, 3/394 (0.8%) IN-V, 7/1510 (0.5%) IE-NV and 25/935 (2.7%) IE-V individuals. The 1-year estimated probabilities of VF were 3.1% [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.5-3.8] in IN-NV, 18.4% (95% CI: 15.8-21.2) in IN-V, 4.2% (95% CI: 3.6-4.9) in IE-NV and 23.9% (95% CI: 20.9-26.9) in IE-V subjects. The 1-year estimated probabilities of INSTI discontinuation were 12.1% (95% CI: 11.1-13.0) in IN-NV, 19.6% (95% CI: 17.5-21.6) in IN-V, 10.8% (95% CI: 10.0-11.6) in IE-NV and 21.7% (95% CI: 19.7-23.5) in IE-V subjects.
    Conclusions: Both VF and INSTI discontinuation occur at substantial rates in viraemic subjects. Detection of DRMs in a proportion of INSTI-experienced individuals makes INSTI resistance testing mandatory after failure.
    MeSH term(s) Drug Resistance, Viral ; Europe ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Integrase/genetics ; HIV Integrase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; HIV Integrase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Integrases/therapeutic use ; Oxazines/therapeutic use ; Viral Load
    Chemical Substances HIV Integrase Inhibitors ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring ; Oxazines ; HIV Integrase (EC 2.7.7.-) ; Integrases (EC 2.7.7.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2001932-4
    ISSN 1468-1293 ; 1464-2662
    ISSN (online) 1468-1293
    ISSN 1464-2662
    DOI 10.1111/hiv.13262
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Liver steatosis and fibrosis in people with human immunodeficiency virus in West Africa and the relationship with hepatitis B virus coinfection.

    Villa, Giovanni / Owusu, Dorcas / Smith, Colette / Azumah, Marilyn / Abdullahi, Adam / Phillips, Suzannah / Sayeed, Laila / Austin, Harrison / Chadwick, David / Phillips, Richard Odame / Geretti, Anna Maria

    Hepatology communications

    2022  Volume 6, Issue 11, Page(s) 3036–3051

    Abstract: There is a heavy burden of liver disease in West Africa. While the role of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is well recognized, less is known about the contributing role of liver steatosis and how the two interact in the context of human ... ...

    Abstract There is a heavy burden of liver disease in West Africa. While the role of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is well recognized, less is known about the contributing role of liver steatosis and how the two interact in the context of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Adults with HIV in Ghana underwent FibroScan measurements to determine prevalence of liver steatosis (expressed as controlled attenuation parameter [CAP]) and fibrosis (expressed as liver stiffness [LS]). We explored contributing factors in linear regression models, including demographics, lifestyle characteristics, medical history, HIV and HBV status, and measurements of metabolic syndrome. Among 329 adults (72.3% women; median age, 47 years), 322 (97.9%) were on antiretroviral therapy (median duration, 8.9 years). CD4 counts were preserved (median, 619 cells/mm
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Coinfection/epidemiology ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics ; Stavudine ; Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology ; Liver Cirrhosis/diagnostic imaging ; HIV Infections/complications ; Fatty Liver/diagnostic imaging ; Hepatitis B/complications ; HIV/genetics ; RNA ; Ghana/epidemiology
    Chemical Substances Stavudine (BO9LE4QFZF) ; RNA (63231-63-0)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2471-254X
    ISSN (online) 2471-254X
    DOI 10.1002/hep4.2000
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Hepatitis B Vaccination Impact and the Unmet Need for Antiviral Treatment in Blantyre, Malawi.

    Stockdale, Alexander J / Meiring, James E / Shawa, Isaac T / Thindwa, Deus / Silungwe, Niza M / Mbewe, Maurice / Kachala, Rabson / Kreuels, Benno / Patel, Pratiksha / Patel, Priyanka / Henrion, Marc Y R / Bar-Zeev, Naor / Swarthout, Todd D / Heyderman, Robert S / Gordon, Stephen B / Maria Geretti, Anna / Gordon, Melita A

    The Journal of infectious diseases

    2022  Volume 226, Issue 5, Page(s) 871–880

    Abstract: Background: Hepatitis B is the leading cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. To reduce mortality, antiviral treatment programs are needed. We estimated prevalence, vaccine impact, and need for antiviral treatment in Blantyre, Malawi. ...

    Abstract Background: Hepatitis B is the leading cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. To reduce mortality, antiviral treatment programs are needed. We estimated prevalence, vaccine impact, and need for antiviral treatment in Blantyre, Malawi.
    Methods: We conducted a household study in 2016-2018. We selected individuals from a census using random sampling and estimated age-sex-standardized hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroprevalence. Impact of infant hepatitis B vaccination was estimated by binomial log-linear regression comparing individuals born before and after vaccine implementation. In HBsAg-positive adults, eligibility for antiviral therapy was assessed.
    Results: Of 97386 censused individuals, 6073 (median age 18 years; 56.7% female) were sampled. HBsAg seroprevalence was 5.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.3%-6.1%) among adults and 0.3% (95% CI, .1%-.6%) among children born after vaccine introduction. Estimated vaccine impact was 95.8% (95% CI, 70.3%-99.4%). Of HBsAg-positive adults, 26% were HIV-positive. Among HIV-negative individuals, 3%, 6%, and 9% were eligible for hepatitis B treatment by WHO, European, and American hepatology association criteria, respectively.
    Conclusions: Infant HBV vaccination has been highly effective in reducing HBsAg prevalence in urban Malawi. Up to 9% of HBsAg-positive HIV-negative adults are eligible, but have an unmet need, for antiviral therapy.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Child ; Female ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Hepatitis B/drug therapy ; Hepatitis B/epidemiology ; Hepatitis B/prevention & control ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B virus ; Humans ; Infant ; Malawi/epidemiology ; Male ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Vaccination
    Chemical Substances Antiviral Agents ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 3019-3
    ISSN 1537-6613 ; 0022-1899
    ISSN (online) 1537-6613
    ISSN 0022-1899
    DOI 10.1093/infdis/jiab562
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection and Re-activation During Nucleos(t)ide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor-Sparing Antiretroviral Therapy in a High-HBV Endemicity Setting.

    Abdullahi, Adam / Fopoussi, Olga Mafotsing / Torimiro, Judith / Atkins, Mark / Kouanfack, Charles / Geretti, Anna Maria

    Open forum infectious diseases

    2018  Volume 5, Issue 10, Page(s) ofy251

    Abstract: Background: We monitored the evolution of markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in virologically suppressed HIV-positive patients switching to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-sparing antiretroviral therapy within a randomized ... ...

    Abstract Background: We monitored the evolution of markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in virologically suppressed HIV-positive patients switching to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-sparing antiretroviral therapy within a randomized trial in Cameroon.
    Methods:
    Results: Participants (n = 80, 75% females) had a plasma HIV-1 RNA <60 copies/mL, a median CD4 count of 466 cells/mm
    Conclusions: Evolving treatment strategies for sub-Saharan Africa must be accompanied by the formulation and implementation of policy to guide appropriate assessment and management of HBV status.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-10-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2757767-3
    ISSN 2328-8957
    ISSN 2328-8957
    DOI 10.1093/ofid/ofy251
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Pneumocystis

    Kelly, Sophie / Waters, Laura / Cevik, Muge / Collins, Simon / Lewis, Joe / Wu, Meng-San / Blanchard, Tom J / Geretti, Anna M

    Clinical medicine (London, England)

    2020  Volume 20, Issue 6, Page(s) 590–592

    Abstract: While clinical environments are highly focused on COVID-19, reports of missed or delayed treatment for conditions that imitate COVID-19, such as pneumonia caused by the ... ...

    Abstract While clinical environments are highly focused on COVID-19, reports of missed or delayed treatment for conditions that imitate COVID-19, such as pneumonia caused by the fungus
    MeSH term(s) AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis ; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/pathology ; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/physiopathology ; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/therapy ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Fatal Outcome ; Humans ; Lung/diagnostic imaging ; Lung/pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics ; Pneumocystis carinii ; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/diagnosis ; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/pathology ; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/physiopathology ; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/therapy ; Pneumonia, Viral
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2048646-7
    ISSN 1473-4893 ; 1470-2118
    ISSN (online) 1473-4893
    ISSN 1470-2118
    DOI 10.7861/clinmed.2020-0565
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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