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  1. Article ; Online: "The ubiquitin ligase SIAH2 is a female-specific regulator of circadian rhythms and metabolism".

    Mekbib, Tsedey / Suen, Ting-Chung / Rollins-Hairston, Aisha / Smith, Kiandra / Armstrong, Ariel / Gray, Cloe / Owino, Sharon / Baba, Kenkichi / Baggs, Julie E / Ehlen, J Christopher / Tosini, Gianluca / DeBruyne, Jason P

    PLoS genetics

    2022  Volume 18, Issue 7, Page(s) e1010305

    Abstract: Circadian clocks enable organisms to predict and align their behaviors and physiologies to constant daily day-night environmental cycle. Because the ubiquitin ligase Siah2 has been identified as a potential regulator of circadian clock function in ... ...

    Abstract Circadian clocks enable organisms to predict and align their behaviors and physiologies to constant daily day-night environmental cycle. Because the ubiquitin ligase Siah2 has been identified as a potential regulator of circadian clock function in cultured cells, we have used SIAH2-deficient mice to examine its function in vivo. Our experiments demonstrate a striking and unexpected sexually dimorphic effect of SIAH2-deficiency on the regulation of rhythmically expressed genes in the liver. The absence of SIAH2 in females, but not in males, altered the expression of core circadian clock genes and drastically remodeled the rhythmic transcriptome in the liver by increasing the number of day-time expressed genes, and flipping the rhythmic expression from nighttime expressed genes to the daytime. These effects are not readily explained by effects on known sexually dimorphic pathways in females. Moreover, loss of SIAH2 in females, not males, preferentially altered the expression of transcription factors and genes involved in regulating lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Consequently, SIAH2-deficient females, but not males, displayed disrupted daily lipid and lipoprotein patterns, increased adiposity and impaired metabolic homeostasis. Overall, these data suggest that SIAH2 may be a key component of a female-specific circadian transcriptional output circuit that directs the circadian timing of gene expression to regulate physiological rhythms, at least in the liver. In turn, our findings imply that sex-specific transcriptional mechanisms may closely interact with the circadian clock to tailor overt rhythms for sex-specific needs.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Circadian Clocks/genetics ; Circadian Rhythm/genetics ; Female ; Lipids ; Lipoproteins ; Male ; Mice ; Ubiquitin ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics
    Chemical Substances Lipids ; Lipoproteins ; Ubiquitin ; Siah2 protein, mouse (EC 2.3.2.27) ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases (EC 2.3.2.27)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2186725-2
    ISSN 1553-7404 ; 1553-7390
    ISSN (online) 1553-7404
    ISSN 1553-7390
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010305
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Genomics and systems approaches in the mammalian circadian clock.

    Baggs, Julie E / Hogenesch, John B

    Current opinion in genetics & development

    2010  Volume 20, Issue 6, Page(s) 581–587

    Abstract: The circadian clock is an endogenous oscillator that regulates daily rhythms in behavior and physiology. In recent years, systems biology and genomics approaches re-shaped our view of the clock. Our understanding of outputs that regulate behavior and ... ...

    Abstract The circadian clock is an endogenous oscillator that regulates daily rhythms in behavior and physiology. In recent years, systems biology and genomics approaches re-shaped our view of the clock. Our understanding of outputs that regulate behavior and physiology has been enhanced through gene expression profiling and proteomic analyses. Systems approaches uncovered underlying principles of transcriptional regulation and robustness of the oscillator through perturbation analysis and synthetic methods. Finally, new clock components and modifiers were identified through cell-based screening efforts and proteomics.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Circadian Rhythm ; Genomics ; Humans ; Systems Biology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-10-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1077312-5
    ISSN 1879-0380 ; 0959-437X
    ISSN (online) 1879-0380
    ISSN 0959-437X
    DOI 10.1016/j.gde.2010.08.009
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Polycystin-1 regulates bone development through an interaction with the transcriptional coactivator TAZ.

    Merrick, David / Mistry, Kavita / Wu, Jingshing / Gresko, Nikolay / Baggs, Julie E / Hogenesch, John B / Sun, Zhaoxia / Caplan, Michael J

    Human molecular genetics

    2018  Volume 28, Issue 1, Page(s) 16–30

    Abstract: Polycystin-1 (PC1), encoded by the PKD1 gene that is mutated in the autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, regulates a number of processes including bone development. Activity of the transcription factor RunX2, which controls osteoblast ... ...

    Abstract Polycystin-1 (PC1), encoded by the PKD1 gene that is mutated in the autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, regulates a number of processes including bone development. Activity of the transcription factor RunX2, which controls osteoblast differentiation, is reduced in Pkd1 mutant mice but the mechanism governing PC1 activation of RunX2 is unclear. PC1 undergoes regulated cleavage that releases its C-terminal tail (CTT), which translocates to the nucleus to modulate transcriptional pathways involved in proliferation and apoptosis. We find that the cleaved CTT of PC1 (PC1-CTT) stimulates the transcriptional coactivator TAZ (Wwtr1), an essential coactivator of RunX2. PC1-CTT physically interacts with TAZ, stimulating RunX2 transcriptional activity in pre-osteoblast cells in a TAZ-dependent manner. The PC1-CTT increases the interaction between TAZ and RunX2 and enhances the recruitment of the p300 transcriptional co-regulatory protein to the TAZ/RunX2/PC1-CTT complex. Zebrafish injected with morpholinos directed against pkd1 manifest severe bone calcification defects and a curly tail phenotype. Injection of messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding the PC1-CTT into pkd1-morphant fish restores bone mineralization and reduces the severity of the curly tail phenotype. These effects are abolished by co-injection of morpholinos directed against TAZ. Injection of mRNA encoding a dominant-active TAZ construct is sufficient to rescue both the curly tail phenotype and the skeletal defects observed in pkd1-morpholino treated fish. Thus, TAZ constitutes a key mechanistic link through which PC1 mediates its physiological functions.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Apoptosis ; Bone Development/genetics ; Bone Development/physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; E1A-Associated p300 Protein/physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Regulator ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/physiology ; Kidney/metabolism ; Models, Animal ; Morpholinos ; Osteoblasts/metabolism ; Osteogenesis/physiology ; Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant/genetics ; TRPP Cation Channels/genetics ; TRPP Cation Channels/physiology ; Transcription Factors ; Zebrafish/genetics ; Zebrafish Proteins/genetics
    Chemical Substances Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Morpholinos ; TRPP Cation Channels ; Transcription Factors ; WWTR1 protein, human ; WWTR1 protein, zebrafish ; Zebrafish Proteins ; polycystic kidney disease 1 protein ; E1A-Associated p300 Protein (EC 2.3.1.48) ; EP300 protein, human (EC 2.3.1.48)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-09-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1108742-0
    ISSN 1460-2083 ; 0964-6906
    ISSN (online) 1460-2083
    ISSN 0964-6906
    DOI 10.1093/hmg/ddy322
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  4. Article ; Online: The network as the target.

    Baggs, Julie E / Hughes, Michael E / Hogenesch, John B

    Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Systems biology and medicine

    2010  Volume 2, Issue 2, Page(s) 127–133

    Abstract: The conventional target centric model of drug discovery is pinned under the weight of prior success and the traditional problems of safety and efficacy for new molecules. An alternative to target centric drug development is to shift focus to the pathways ...

    Abstract The conventional target centric model of drug discovery is pinned under the weight of prior success and the traditional problems of safety and efficacy for new molecules. An alternative to target centric drug development is to shift focus to the pathways that mediate both biology and pathophysiology. This method has the advantage of not requiring a priori knowledge of the small molecule target, but also comes with it several challenges including target determination. We suggest extending this notion more broadly across the drug discovery process using quantitative network structure-activity relationships (QNSAR), and discuss the steps necessary to test the hypothesis that systems biology approaches can be used to improve the drug discovery process.
    MeSH term(s) Algorithms ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods ; Drug Discovery ; Genome, Human ; Genomics ; Humans ; Proteomics ; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship ; Systems Biology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2503323-2
    ISSN 1939-005X ; 1939-5094
    ISSN (online) 1939-005X
    ISSN 1939-5094
    DOI 10.1002/wsbm.57
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  5. Article ; Online: Ubiquitin ligase Siah2 regulates RevErbα degradation and the mammalian circadian clock.

    DeBruyne, Jason P / Baggs, Julie E / Sato, Trey K / Hogenesch, John B

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2015  Volume 112, Issue 40, Page(s) 12420–12425

    Abstract: Regulated degradation of proteins by the proteasome is often critical to their function in dynamic cellular pathways. The molecular clock underlying mammalian circadian rhythms relies on the rhythmic expression and degradation of its core components. ... ...

    Abstract Regulated degradation of proteins by the proteasome is often critical to their function in dynamic cellular pathways. The molecular clock underlying mammalian circadian rhythms relies on the rhythmic expression and degradation of its core components. However, because the tools available for identifying the mechanisms underlying the degradation of a specific protein are limited, the mechanisms regulating clock protein degradation are only beginning to be elucidated. Here we describe a cell-based functional screening approach designed to quickly identify the ubiquitin E3 ligases that induce the degradation of potentially any protein of interest. We screened the nuclear hormone receptor RevErbα (Nr1d1), a key constituent of the mammalian circadian clock, for E3 ligases that regulate its stability and found Seven in absentia2 (Siah2) to be a key regulator of RevErbα stability. Previously implicated in hypoxia signaling, Siah2 overexpression destabilizes RevErbα/β, and siRNA depletion of Siah2 stabilizes endogenous RevErbα. Moreover, Siah2 depletion delays circadian degradation of RevErbα and lengthens period length. These results demonstrate the utility of functional screening approaches for identifying regulators of protein stability and reveal Siah2 as a previously unidentified circadian clockwork regulator that mediates circadian RevErbα turnover.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cells, Cultured ; Circadian Clocks/genetics ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Mice ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/genetics ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/metabolism ; Proteolysis ; RNA Interference ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism
    Chemical Substances NR1D1 protein, human ; Nuclear Proteins ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1 ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases (EC 2.3.2.27) ; seven in absentia proteins (EC 2.3.2.27)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-10-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.1501204112
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  6. Article: Functional analysis of nocturnin: a circadian clock-regulated gene identified by differential display.

    Baggs, Julie E / Green, Carla B

    Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

    2006  Volume 317, Page(s) 243–254

    Abstract: Within the retina there is a circadian clock that controls the 24-h timing of processes such as hormone release, cell movement, and gene transcription. In an effort to better understand the molecular nature of this retinal clock, a differential display ( ... ...

    Abstract Within the retina there is a circadian clock that controls the 24-h timing of processes such as hormone release, cell movement, and gene transcription. In an effort to better understand the molecular nature of this retinal clock, a differential display (DD) screen was performed to isolate a gene with high amplitude circadian rhythmicity in the Xenopus retina. A novel gene expressed in the early evening in photoreceptor cells was isolated and named nocturnin for night factor. This article outlines the steps we took to study a protein of unknown function, particularly highlighting the analyses one can perform when little more than the primary sequence of a gene is known. In addition, we describe the results of sequence analysis that assisted in predicting the function of nocturnin. We have shown that nocturnin acts as a deadenylase in vitro, removing the poly(A) tail from a mature messenger RNA in a process that either leads to degradation or translational silencing of a message. Although the role of nocturnin in the retina is unknown, future studies to identify target mRNAs that are deadenylated by nocturnin will assist in elucidating its physiological role in this tissue.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; COS Cells ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Circadian Rhythm ; Edetic Acid/chemistry ; Gene Expression Profiling/methods ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Nuclear Proteins ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/chemistry ; Proteins/genetics ; Proteins/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Retina/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism ; Transcription Factors ; Transcription, Genetic ; Xenopus
    Chemical Substances Nuclear Proteins ; Proteins ; RNA, Messenger ; Transcription Factors ; nocturnin ; Green Fluorescent Proteins (147336-22-9) ; Edetic Acid (9G34HU7RV0)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1064-3745
    ISSN 1064-3745
    DOI 10.1385/1-59259-968-0:243
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  7. Article ; Online: High throughput genomic screen identifies multiple factors that promote cooperative Wnt signaling.

    Miller, Mayumi F / Cohen, Ethan David / Baggs, Julie E / Hogenesch, John B / Morrisey, Edward E

    PloS one

    2013  Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) e55782

    Abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated that certain Wnt ligands can promote high levels of cooperative signaling in a cell type specific manner. To explore the underlying mechanism of this cooperative Wnt signaling, we performed a high-throughput screen of ... ...

    Abstract Previous studies have demonstrated that certain Wnt ligands can promote high levels of cooperative signaling in a cell type specific manner. To explore the underlying mechanism of this cooperative Wnt signaling, we performed a high-throughput screen of more than 14,000 cDNAs to identify genes that promote cooperative Wnt signaling in the context of a single Wnt ligand, Wnt2. This screen identified several homeobox factors including Msx2, Nkx5.2, and Esx1, in addition to other factors known to promote Wnt signaling including Pias4. Generation of dominant-active or dominant-negative forms of Msx2 indicate that the mechanism by which homeobox factors cooperatively promote Wnt signaling is through their ability to repress gene transcription. These data identify a broad homeobox code, which acts to increase Wnt signaling through transcriptional repression.
    MeSH term(s) Cell Line ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genomics/methods ; High-Throughput Screening Assays ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Ligands ; Protein Binding ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Wnt Proteins/metabolism ; Wnt Signaling Pathway
    Chemical Substances Homeodomain Proteins ; Ligands ; Transcription Factors ; Wnt Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-01-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0055782
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  8. Article ; Online: Soluble syntaxin 3 functions as a transcriptional regulator.

    Giovannone, Adrian J / Winterstein, Christine / Bhattaram, Pallavi / Reales, Elena / Low, Seng Hui / Baggs, Julie E / Xu, Mimi / Lalli, Matthew A / Hogenesch, John B / Weimbs, Thomas

    The Journal of biological chemistry

    2018  Volume 293, Issue 15, Page(s) 5478–5491

    Abstract: Syntaxins are a conserved family of SNARE proteins and contain C-terminal transmembrane anchors required for their membrane fusion activity. Here we show that Stx3 (syntaxin 3) unexpectedly also functions as a nuclear regulator of gene expression. We ... ...

    Abstract Syntaxins are a conserved family of SNARE proteins and contain C-terminal transmembrane anchors required for their membrane fusion activity. Here we show that Stx3 (syntaxin 3) unexpectedly also functions as a nuclear regulator of gene expression. We found that alternative splicing creates a soluble isoform that we termed Stx3S, lacking the transmembrane anchor. Soluble Stx3S binds to the nuclear import factor RanBP5 (RAN-binding protein 5), targets to the nucleus, and interacts physically and functionally with several transcription factors, including ETV4 (ETS variant 4) and ATF2 (activating transcription factor 2). Stx3S is differentially expressed in normal human tissues, during epithelial cell polarization, and in breast cancer
    MeSH term(s) Adenovirus E1A Proteins/genetics ; Adenovirus E1A Proteins/metabolism ; Animals ; COS Cells ; Caco-2 Cells ; Cell Nucleus/genetics ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; Chlorocebus aethiops ; Dogs ; Gene Expression Regulation ; HEK293 Cells ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells ; Protein Binding ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets ; Qa-SNARE Proteins/genetics ; Qa-SNARE Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Solubility ; beta Karyopherins/genetics ; beta Karyopherins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Adenovirus E1A Proteins ; ETV4 protein, human ; IPO5 protein, human ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets ; Qa-SNARE Proteins ; beta Karyopherins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-02-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2997-x
    ISSN 1083-351X ; 0021-9258
    ISSN (online) 1083-351X
    ISSN 0021-9258
    DOI 10.1074/jbc.RA117.000874
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  9. Article: Nocturnin, a deadenylase in Xenopus laevis retina: a mechanism for posttranscriptional control of circadian-related mRNA.

    Baggs, Julie E / Green, Carla B

    Current biology : CB

    2003  Volume 13, Issue 3, Page(s) 189–198

    Abstract: Background: Different types of regulation are utilized to produce a robust circadian clock, including regulation at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and translational levels. A screen for rhythmic messages that may be involved in such circadian ...

    Abstract Background: Different types of regulation are utilized to produce a robust circadian clock, including regulation at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and translational levels. A screen for rhythmic messages that may be involved in such circadian control identified nocturnin, a novel gene that displays high-amplitude circadian expression in the Xenopus laevis retina, with peak mRNA levels in the early night. Expression of nocturnin mRNA is confined to the clock-containing photoreceptor cell layer within the retina.
    Results: In these studies, we show that nocturnin removes the poly(A) tail from a synthetic RNA substrate in a process known as deadenylation. Nocturnin nuclease activity is magnesium dependent, as the addition of EDTA or mutation of the residue predicted to bind magnesium disrupts deadenylation. Substrate preference studies show that nocturnin is an exonuclease that specifically degrades the 3' poly(A) tail. While nocturnin is rhythmically expressed in the cytoplasm of the retinal photoreceptor cells, the only other described vertebrate deadenylase, PARN, is constitutively present in most retinal cells, including the photoreceptors.
    Conclusions: The distinct spatial and temporal expression of nocturnin and PARN suggests that there may be specific mRNA targets of each deadenylase. Since deadenylation regulates mRNA decay and/or translational silencing, we propose that nocturnin deadenylates clock-related transcripts in a novel mechanism for posttranscriptional regulation in the circadian clock or its outputs.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biological Clocks/physiology ; Circadian Rhythm/physiology ; Exoribonucleases/genetics ; Exoribonucleases/metabolism ; Eye Proteins/genetics ; Eye Proteins/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins ; Proteins/genetics ; Proteins/metabolism ; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Retina/enzymology ; Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells/cytology ; Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells/metabolism ; Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells/cytology ; Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells/metabolism ; Transcription Factors ; Xenopus laevis
    Chemical Substances Eye Proteins ; Nuclear Proteins ; Proteins ; RNA, Messenger ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; Transcription Factors ; nocturnin ; Exoribonucleases (EC 3.1.-) ; poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (EC 3.1.13.4) ; Magnesium (I38ZP9992A)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2003-02-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1071731-6
    ISSN 1879-0445 ; 0960-9822
    ISSN (online) 1879-0445
    ISSN 0960-9822
    DOI 10.1016/s0960-9822(03)00014-9
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  10. Article ; Online: Safety Monitoring of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Second Booster Doses Among Adults Aged ≥50 Years - United States, March 29, 2022-July 10, 2022.

    Hause, Anne M / Baggs, James / Marquez, Paige / Abara, Winston E / Baumblatt, Jane / Blanc, Phillip G / Su, John R / Hugueley, Brandon / Parker, Casey / Myers, Tanya R / Gee, Julianne / Shimabukuro, Tom T / Shay, David K

    MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report

    2022  Volume 71, Issue 30, Page(s) 971–976

    Abstract: ... after receipt of a second mRNA booster dose during March 29-July 10, 2022. V-safe is a voluntary ... managed by CDC and FDA (3). During March 29-July 10, 2022, approximately 16.8 million persons ...

    Abstract The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends that all persons aged ≥5 years receive 1 booster dose of a COVID-19 vaccine after completion of their primary series.* On March 29, 2022, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized a second mRNA booster dose ≥4 months after receipt of a first booster dose for adults aged ≥50 years and persons aged ≥12 years with moderate to severe immunocompromise (1,2). To characterize the safety of a second mRNA booster dose among persons aged ≥50 years, CDC reviewed adverse events and health impact assessments reported to v-safe and the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) after receipt of a second mRNA booster dose during March 29-July 10, 2022. V-safe is a voluntary smartphone-based U.S. active surveillance system that monitors adverse events occurring after COVID-19 vaccination. VAERS is a U.S. passive surveillance system for monitoring adverse events after vaccination, managed by CDC and FDA (3). During March 29-July 10, 2022, approximately 16.8 million persons in the United States aged ≥50 years received a fourth dose.
    MeSH term(s) Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; mRNA Vaccines/adverse effects
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines ; mRNA Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 412775-4
    ISSN 1545-861X ; 0149-2195
    ISSN (online) 1545-861X
    ISSN 0149-2195
    DOI 10.15585/mmwr.mm7130a4
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