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Article ; Online: Behavioral plasticity: Role of neuropeptides in shaping feeding responses.

Levine, Allen S / Jewett, David C / Kotz, Catherine M / Olszewski, Pawel K

2022 Volume 174, Page(s) 106031

Abstract: Behavioral plasticity refers to changes occurring due to external influences on an organism, including adaptation, learning, memory and enduring influences from early life experience. There are 2 types of behavioral plasticity: "developmental", which ... ...

Abstract	Behavioral plasticity refers to changes occurring due to external influences on an organism, including adaptation, learning, memory and enduring influences from early life experience. There are 2 types of behavioral plasticity: "developmental", which refers to gene/environment interactions affecting a phenotype, and "activational" which refers to innate physiology and can involve structural physiological changes of the body. In this review, we focus on feeding behavior, and studies involving neuropeptides that influence behavioral plasticity - primarily opioids, orexin, neuropeptide Y, and oxytocin. In each section of the review, we include examples of behavioral plasticity as it relates to actions of these neuropeptides. It can be concluded from this review that eating behavior is influenced by a number of external factors, including time of day, type of food available, energy balance state, and stressors. The reviewed work underscores that environmental factors play a critical role in feeding behavior and energy balance, but changes in eating behavior also result from a multitude of non-environmental factors, such that there can be no single mechanism or variable that can explain ingestive behavior.
MeSH term(s)	Feeding Behavior/physiology ; Humans ; Neuropeptide Y/genetics ; Neuropeptides ; Oxytocin
Chemical Substances	Neuropeptide Y ; Neuropeptides ; Oxytocin (50-56-6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1461347-5
ISSN	1095-8304 ; 0195-6663
ISSN (online)	1095-8304
ISSN	0195-6663
DOI	10.1016/j.appet.2022.106031
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Article ; Online: Effect of intranasal oxytocin on palatable food consumption and c-Fos immunoreactivity in relevant brain areas in rats.

Liyanagamage, Donisha S N K / McColl, Laura K / Glasgow, Lisa N M / Levine, Allen S / Olszewski, Pawel K

Physiology & behavior

2023 Volume 271, Page(s) 114318

Abstract: Peripheral and central injections of oxytocin (OT) in laboratory animals decrease eating for energy and palatability, but the hypophagic response is dependent on the administration route. Human studies rely on intranasal (IN) administration of the ... ...

Abstract	Peripheral and central injections of oxytocin (OT) in laboratory animals decrease eating for energy and palatability, but the hypophagic response is dependent on the administration route. Human studies rely on intranasal (IN) administration of the peptide, the route underutilized in OT animal feeding studies thus far. Therefore, we examined the effect of IN OT on various aspects of food consumption in rats: (a) overnight deprivation-induced standard chow intake, (b) episodic (2-h) consumption of calorie-dense and palatable high-fat high-sugar (HFHS) chow, (c) 2-h episodic intake of palatable and calorie-dilute sucrose and Intralipid solutions, and (d) 2-h sucrose solution intake in rats habituated to ingesting this solution daily for several weeks. Finally, we assessed c-Fos changes in response to the acute IN OT administration in rats habituated to daily sugar consumption. We found that IN 20μg OT decreased deprivation-induced intake of standard chow and HFHS chow in nondeprived rats without affecting water consumption. IN OT also reduced 2-hour episodic fluid consumption of sucrose, but not Intralipid. In the habitual sugar consumption paradigm, acute IN OT diminished sucrose solution intake in animals accustomed to the 2-hour/day sucrose meal regimen. In rats habitually consuming sucrose, IN OT altered c-Fos immunoreactivity in brain areas related to energy homeostasis and reward, including the central nucleus of the amygdala, the hypothalamic paraventricular and the arcuate nuclei. We conclude that IN OT is an effective appetite suppressant for carbohydrate/sugar diets in rats and its effects involve feeding-related brain circuits.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3907-x
ISSN	1873-507X ; 0031-9384
ISSN (online)	1873-507X
ISSN	0031-9384
DOI	10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114318
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Article ; Online: Neural Basis of Dysregulation of Palatability-Driven Appetite in Autism.

Klockars, Anica / Pal, Tapasya / Levine, Allen S / Olszewski, Pawel K

Current nutrition reports

2021 Volume 10, Issue 4, Page(s) 391–398

Abstract: Purpose of review: In research on autism spectrum disorder (ASD), cognitive, speech- and anxiety-related impairments have been the focus of the majority of studies. One consistently reported ASD symptom that has rarely attracted attention is disordered ... ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: In research on autism spectrum disorder (ASD), cognitive, speech- and anxiety-related impairments have been the focus of the majority of studies. One consistently reported ASD symptom that has rarely attracted attention is disordered appetite. The goal of this paper is to assess whether ASD-related dysregulation of food intake impacts consumption of palatable foods, including sugar. Recent findings: Aberrant neural processing at the reward system level is at least partially responsible for excessive intake of palatable tastants, including sugar. Impaired oxytocin (OT) signaling likely contributes to the magnitude of this overconsumption. Since intake for reward is generally elevated in individuals with ASD, one strategy to curb sugar overconsumption might utilize presentation of alternative palatable food choices that are more nutritionally adequate than sucrose. Furthermore, OT, which is clinically tested to alleviate other ASD symptoms, might be an effective tool to curb overconsumption of sugar, as well as - likely - of other excessively ingested palatable foods, especially those that have sweet taste.
MeSH term(s)	Appetite ; Autism Spectrum Disorder ; Eating ; Humans ; Oxytocin
Chemical Substances	Oxytocin (50-56-6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ISSN	2161-3311
ISSN (online)	2161-3311
DOI	10.1007/s13668-021-00368-y
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Article ; Online: Basic research on appetite regulation: Social context of a meal is missing.

Olszewski, Pawel K / Levine, Allen S

Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior

2016 Volume 148, Page(s) 106–107

Language	English
Publishing date	2016
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	191042-5
ISSN	1873-5177 ; 0091-3057
ISSN (online)	1873-5177
ISSN	0091-3057
DOI	10.1016/j.pbb.2016.06.009
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Zs.A 1060: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Analyzing the dynamics of meningococcal vaccinations initiatives by local government units in Poland (2017-2021) - Scope, challenges and recommendations.

Świtalski, Jakub / Miazga, Wojciech / Wnuk, Katarzyna / Tatara, Tomasz / Olszewski, Paweł / Jankowski, Mateusz / Augustynowicz, Anna

Vaccine

2024

Abstract: Introduction: Meningococcal vaccinations are recommended by Polish public health authorities but lack coverage under health insurance, prompting Local Government Units (LGUs) to implement local health policy programs. This study examines the ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Meningococcal vaccinations are recommended by Polish public health authorities but lack coverage under health insurance, prompting Local Government Units (LGUs) to implement local health policy programs. This study examines the effectiveness and impact of LGU-driven meningococcal vaccination initiatives in Poland between 2017 and 2021. Material and methods: A retrospective analysis utilized data from reports on local public health interventions submitted annually to the Ministry of Health in Poland. The study focused on the number of meningococcal vaccination programs, their scope, the vaccinated population, and associated program costs. Additionally, nationwide data on meningococcal disease incidence and vaccine uptake were analyzed. Results: Within LGUs programs, 48,617 individuals received meningococcal vaccinations, constituting approximately 10% of all vaccinations in Poland during the study period. Notably, cities with poviat rights spearheaded programs covering 54% of the total participants. The total cost incurred by these initiatives amounted to EUR 2,553,661. Conclusions: While LGUs activities positively contributed to increased meningococcal vaccination rates, the overall engagement of local governments remains limited. The findings underscore the importance of expanding local government involvement in meningococcal vaccination programs to address public health needs effectively. Improved collaboration and increased funding may enhance the reach and impact of these initiatives.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-22
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	605674-x
ISSN	1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
ISSN (online)	1873-2518
ISSN	0264-410X
DOI	10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.04.046
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Zs.A 1930: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 458: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Mild Hypophagia and Associated Changes in Feeding-Related Gene Expression and c-Fos Immunoreactivity in Adult Male Rats with Sodium Valproate-Induced Autism.

Pal, Tapasya / Laloli, Kathryn J / Moscrip, Cushla A / Olszewski, Pawel K / Klockars, Anica

Genes

2022 Volume 13, Issue 2

Abstract: A core yet understudied symptom of autism is aberrant eating behaviour, including extremely narrow food preferences. Autistic individuals often refuse to eat despite hunger unless preferred food is given. We hypothesised that, apart from aberrant ... ...

Abstract	A core yet understudied symptom of autism is aberrant eating behaviour, including extremely narrow food preferences. Autistic individuals often refuse to eat despite hunger unless preferred food is given. We hypothesised that, apart from aberrant preference, underfeeding stems from abnormal hunger processing. Utilising an adult male VPA rat, a model of autism, we examined intake of 'bland' chow in animals maintained on this diet continuously, eating this food after fasting and after both food and water deprivation. We assessed body weight in adulthood to determine whether lower feeding led to slower growth. Since food intake is highly regulated by brain processes, we looked into the activation (c-Fos immunoreactivity) of central sites controlling appetite in animals subjected to food deprivation vs. fed ad libitum. Expression of genes involved in food intake in the hypothalamus and brain stem, regions responsible for energy balance, was measured in deprived vs. sated animals. We performed our analyses on VPAs and age-matched healthy controls. We found that VPAs ate less of the 'bland' chow when fed ad libitum and after deprivation than controls did. Their body weight increased more slowly than that of controls when maintained on the 'bland' food. While hungry controls had lower c-Fos IR in key feeding-related areas than their ad libitum-fed counterparts, in hungry VPAs c-Fos was unchanged or elevated compared to the fed ones. The lack of changes in expression of feeding-related genes upon deprivation in VPAs was in contrast to several transcripts affected by fasting in healthy controls. We conclude that hunger processing is dysregulated in the VPA rat.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Autistic Disorder/chemically induced ; Autistic Disorder/genetics ; Body Weight ; Eating/genetics ; Gene Expression ; Male ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/genetics ; Rats ; Valproic Acid/adverse effects
Chemical Substances	Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; Valproic Acid (614OI1Z5WI)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2527218-4
ISSN	2073-4425 ; 2073-4425
ISSN (online)	2073-4425
ISSN	2073-4425
DOI	10.3390/genes13020259
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Article ; Online: Oxytocin as a potential pharmacological tool to combat obesity.

Olszewski, Pawel K / Noble, Emily E / Paiva, Luis / Ueta, Yoichi / Blevins, James E

Journal of neuroendocrinology

2022 Volume 34, Issue 9, Page(s) e13106

Abstract: The neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) has emerged as an important anorexigen in the regulation of food intake and energy balance. It has been shown that the release of OT and activation of hypothalamic OT neurons coincide with food ingestion. Its effects on ... ...

Abstract	The neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) has emerged as an important anorexigen in the regulation of food intake and energy balance. It has been shown that the release of OT and activation of hypothalamic OT neurons coincide with food ingestion. Its effects on feeding have largely been attributed to limiting meal size through interactions in key regulatory brain regions governing the homeostatic control of food intake such as the hypothalamus and hindbrain in addition to key feeding reward areas such as the nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area. Furthermore, the magnitude of an anorexigenic response to OT and feeding-related activation of the brain OT circuit are modified by the composition and flavor of a diet, as well as by a social context in which a meal is consumed. OT is particularly effective in reducing consumption of carbohydrates and sweet tastants. Pharmacologic, genetic, and pair-feeding studies indicate that OT-elicited weight loss cannot be fully explained by reductions of food intake and that the overall impact of OT on energy balance is also partly a result of OT-elicited changes in lipolysis, energy expenditure, and glucose regulation. Peripheral administration of OT mimics many of its effects when it is given into the central nervous system, raising the questions of whether and to what extent circulating OT acts through peripheral OT receptors to regulate energy balance. Although OT has been found to elicit weight loss in female mice, recent studies have indicated that sex and estrous cycle may impact oxytocinergic modulation of food intake. Despite the overall promising basic research data, attempts to use OT in the clinical setting to combat obesity and overeating have generated somewhat mixed results. The focus of this mini-review is to briefly summarize the role of OT in feeding and metabolism, address gaps and inconsistencies in our knowledge, and discuss some of the limitations to the potential use of chronic OT that should help guide future research on OT as a tailor-made anti-obesity therapeutic.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Carbohydrates/pharmacology ; Carbohydrates/therapeutic use ; Eating ; Female ; Glucose/pharmacology ; Mice ; Obesity/drug therapy ; Oxytocin/physiology ; Receptors, Oxytocin/metabolism ; Weight Loss
Chemical Substances	Carbohydrates ; Receptors, Oxytocin ; Oxytocin (50-56-6) ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	1007517-3
ISSN	1365-2826 ; 0953-8194
ISSN (online)	1365-2826
ISSN	0953-8194
DOI	10.1111/jne.13106
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Article: Behavioral plasticity: Role of neuropeptides in shaping feeding responses

Levine, Allen S. / Jewett, David C. / Kotz, Catherine M. / Olszewski, Pawel K.

Appetite. 2022 July 01, v. 174

2022

Abstract	Behavioral plasticity refers to changes occurring due to external influences on an organism, including adaptation, learning, memory and enduring influences from early life experience. There are 2 types of behavioral plasticity: “developmental”, which refers to gene/environment interactions affecting a phenotype, and “activational” which refers to innate physiology and can involve structural physiological changes of the body. In this review, we focus on feeding behavior, and studies involving neuropeptides that influence behavioral plasticity - primarily opioids, orexin, neuropeptide Y, and oxytocin. In each section of the review, we include examples of behavioral plasticity as it relates to actions of these neuropeptides. It can be concluded from this review that eating behavior is influenced by a number of external factors, including time of day, type of food available, energy balance state, and stressors. The reviewed work underscores that environmental factors play a critical role in feeding behavior and energy balance, but changes in eating behavior also result from a multitude of non-environmental factors, such that there can be no single mechanism or variable that can explain ingestive behavior.
Keywords	appetite ; energy balance ; genes ; memory ; narcotics ; neuropeptide Y ; oxytocin ; phenotype
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0701
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	764440-1
ISSN	0195-6663
ISSN	0195-6663
DOI	10.1016/j.appet.2022.106031
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Acute Hypophagia and Changes in c-Fos Immunoreactivity in Adolescent Rats Treated with Low Doses of Oxytocin and Naltrexone.

Head, Mitchell A / McColl, Laura K / Klockars, Anica / Levine, Allen S / Olszewski, Pawel K

Journal of clinical medicine

2021 Volume 11, Issue 1

Abstract: A recent case report has shown that an adjunctive oxytocin + naltrexone (OT + NTX) treatment promoted more robust hypophagia and body weight reduction than OT alone in an adolescent male with hypothalamic obesity after craniopharyngioma resection. Thus ... ...

Abstract	A recent case report has shown that an adjunctive oxytocin + naltrexone (OT + NTX) treatment promoted more robust hypophagia and body weight reduction than OT alone in an adolescent male with hypothalamic obesity after craniopharyngioma resection. Thus far, there has been no basic research in adolescent laboratory animals that would examine whether the benefit of OT + NTX on appetite extends onto adolescent individuals without surgically induced overeating. Thus, here we examined whether low doses of combined OT + NTX acutely affect post-deprivation intake of energy-dense, standard chow; intake of energy-dense and palatable high-fat high-sugar (HFHS) diet; or calorie-dilute, palaTable 10% sucrose solution without deprivation in adolescent male rats. We assessed whether OT + NTX decreases water intake after water deprivation or produces a conditioned taste aversion (CTA). Finally, by using c-Fos immunoreactivity, we determined changes in activity of feeding-related brain areas after OT + NTX. We found that individual subthreshold doses of OT and NTX decreased feeding induced by energy and by palatability. Significant c-Fos changes were noted in the arcuate and dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei. The hypophagic doses of OT + NTX did not suppress water intake in thirsty rats and did not cause a CTA, which suggests that feeding reduction is not a secondary effect of gastrointestinal discomfort or changes in thirst processing. We conclude that OT + NTX is an effective drug combination to reduce appetite in adolescent male rats.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662592-1
ISSN	2077-0383
ISSN	2077-0383
DOI	10.3390/jcm11010059
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Article ; Online: Effect of combination of peripheral oxytocin and naltrexone at subthreshold doses on food intake, body weight and feeding-related brain gene expression in male rats.

Head, Mitchell A / Levine, Allen S / Christian, David G / Klockars, Anica / Olszewski, Pawel K

Physiology & behavior

2021 Volume 238, Page(s) 113464

Abstract: In a recent case report involving a male with hypothalamic obesity, concurrent administration of oxytocin (OT) and an opioid receptor antagonist, naltrexone (NTX), synergistically affected energy balance. Here, by using laboratory rats, we examined ... ...

Abstract	In a recent case report involving a male with hypothalamic obesity, concurrent administration of oxytocin (OT) and an opioid receptor antagonist, naltrexone (NTX), synergistically affected energy balance. Here, by using laboratory rats, we examined whether the reported synergy between OT and NTX in the context of food intake extends beyond that one unique case. We found that intravenous OT+NTX combination, at doses subthreshold for each of the drugs individually, decreased episodic consumption of a 10% sucrose solution in non-deprived animals. Daily administration of OT and NTX just before a scheduled, 2-hour, high-fat high-sugar (HFHS) meal over 24 days, decreased cumulative HFHS diet intake, but without a change in body weight due to compensatory standard chow intake during the remainder of the day. The NTX-OT treatment affected expression of several feeding-related genes in the hypothalamus, brain stem and nucleus accumbens, brain regions essential for the regulation of energy- and reward-driven consumption. We conclude that OT and NTX act synergistically to decrease food consumption in rats and that this transient effect is accompanied by changes in brain processes relevant to feeding.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Body Weight ; Brain ; Eating ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Male ; Naltrexone/pharmacology ; Oxytocin ; Rats
Chemical Substances	Oxytocin (50-56-6) ; Naltrexone (5S6W795CQM)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3907-x
ISSN	1873-507X ; 0031-9384
ISSN (online)	1873-507X
ISSN	0031-9384
DOI	10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113464
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