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Book ; Online: Rapid solidification of Earth's magma ocean limits early lunar recession

Korenaga, Jun

2023

Abstract: The early evolution of the Earth-Moon system prescribes the tidal environment of the Hadean Earth and holds the key to the formation mechanism of the Moon and its thermal evolution. Estimating its early state by backtracking from the present, however, ... ...

Abstract	The early evolution of the Earth-Moon system prescribes the tidal environment of the Hadean Earth and holds the key to the formation mechanism of the Moon and its thermal evolution. Estimating its early state by backtracking from the present, however, suffers from substantial uncertainties associated with ocean tides. Tidal evolution during the solidification of Earth's magma ocean, on the other hand, has the potential to provide robust constraints on the Earth-Moon system before the appearance of a water ocean. Here we show that energy dissipation in a solidifying magma ocean results in considerably more limited lunar recession than previously thought, and that the Moon was probably still at the distance of $\sim$7-9 Earth radii at the end of solidification. This limited early recession aggravates the often overlooked difficulty of modeling tidal dissipation in Earth's first billion years, but it also offers a new possibility of resolving the lunar inclination problem by allowing the operation of multiple excitation mechanisms.
Keywords	Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ; Physics - Geophysics
Subject code	551 ; 290
Publishing date	2023-04-10
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Was There Land on the Early Earth?

Korenaga, Jun

Life (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 11, Issue 11

Abstract: The presence of exposed land on the early Earth is a prerequisite for a certain type of prebiotic chemical evolution in which the oscillating activity of water, driven by short-term, day-night, and seasonal cycles, facilitates the synthesis of proto- ... ...

Abstract	The presence of exposed land on the early Earth is a prerequisite for a certain type of prebiotic chemical evolution in which the oscillating activity of water, driven by short-term, day-night, and seasonal cycles, facilitates the synthesis of proto-biopolymers. Exposed land is, however, not guaranteed to exist on the early Earth, which is likely to have been drastically different from the modern Earth. This mini-review attempts to provide an up-to-date account on the possibility of exposed land on the early Earth by integrating recent geological and geophysical findings. Owing to the competing effects of the growing ocean and continents in the Hadean, a substantial expanse of the Earth's surface (∼20% or more) could have been covered by exposed continents in the mid-Hadean. In contrast, exposed land may have been limited to isolated ocean islands in the late Hadean and early Archean. The importance of exposed land during the origins of life remains an open question.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2662250-6
ISSN	2075-1729
ISSN	2075-1729
DOI	10.3390/life11111142
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Article ; Online: Was There Land on the Early Earth?

Jun Korenaga

Life, Vol 11, Iss 1142, p

2021 Volume 1142

Abstract: The presence of exposed land on the early Earth is a prerequisite for a certain type of prebiotic chemical evolution in which the oscillating activity of water, driven by short-term, day–night, and seasonal cycles, facilitates the synthesis of proto- ... ...

Abstract	The presence of exposed land on the early Earth is a prerequisite for a certain type of prebiotic chemical evolution in which the oscillating activity of water, driven by short-term, day–night, and seasonal cycles, facilitates the synthesis of proto-biopolymers. Exposed land is, however, not guaranteed to exist on the early Earth, which is likely to have been drastically different from the modern Earth. This mini-review attempts to provide an up-to-date account on the possibility of exposed land on the early Earth by integrating recent geological and geophysical findings. Owing to the competing effects of the growing ocean and continents in the Hadean, a substantial expanse of the Earth’s surface (∼20% or more) could have been covered by exposed continents in the mid-Hadean. In contrast, exposed land may have been limited to isolated ocean islands in the late Hadean and early Archean. The importance of exposed land during the origins of life remains an open question.
Keywords	exposed land ; continents ; ocean islands ; wet–dry cycles ; Science ; Q
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Long-term core-mantle interaction explains W-He isotope heterogeneities.

Ferrick, Amy L / Korenaga, Jun

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2023 Volume 120, Issue 4, Page(s) e2215903120

Abstract: The isotopic characteristics of ocean island basalts have long been used to infer the nature of their source and the long-term evolution of the Earth's mantle. Anticorrelation between tungsten and helium isotopic signatures is a particularly puzzling ... ...

Abstract	The isotopic characteristics of ocean island basalts have long been used to infer the nature of their source and the long-term evolution of the Earth's mantle. Anticorrelation between tungsten and helium isotopic signatures is a particularly puzzling feature in those basalts, which no single process appears to explain. Traditionally, the high
MeSH term(s)	Helium ; Tungsten ; Diffusion ; Isotopes
Chemical Substances	Helium (206GF3GB41) ; Tungsten (V9306CXO6G) ; basalt ; Isotopes
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.2215903120
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Article ; Online: The combined Hf and Nd isotope evolution of the depleted mantle requires Hadean continental formation.

Guo, Meng / Korenaga, Jun

Science advances

2023 Volume 9, Issue 12, Page(s) eade2711

Abstract: The onset and rates of continental growth are first-order indicators of early Earth dynamics, and whether substantial crust existed in the Hadean or much later has long been debated. Here, we present a theoretical analysis of published Hf and Nd isotopic ...

Abstract	The onset and rates of continental growth are first-order indicators of early Earth dynamics, and whether substantial crust existed in the Hadean or much later has long been debated. Here, we present a theoretical analysis of published Hf and Nd isotopic data representing the depleted mantle and demonstrate that continental growth must have started in the early Hadean. Whereas the traditional interpretation of depleted mantle signatures in crustal rocks assumes unrealistic instantaneous mantle mixing, our modeling incorporates the effect of a finite mixing time over which these signatures are recorded in rocks produced through mantle melting. This effect is shown to delay, by as much as 0.65 to 0.75 billion years, the appearance of the earliest depleted mantle signatures in continental crust. Our results suggest that published observations of εHf, ε
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2810933-8
ISSN	2375-2548 ; 2375-2548
ISSN (online)	2375-2548
ISSN	2375-2548
DOI	10.1126/sciadv.ade2711
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Article ; Online: Vestiges of impact-driven three-phase mixing in the chemistry and structure of Earth's mantle.

Korenaga, Jun / Marchi, Simone

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2023 Volume 120, Issue 43, Page(s) e2309181120

Abstract: Highly siderophile elements (HSEs; namely Ru, Rh, Pd, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, and Au) in Earth's mantle require the addition of metals after the formation of Earth's core. Early, large collisions have the potential to deliver metals, but the details of their ... ...

Abstract	Highly siderophile elements (HSEs; namely Ru, Rh, Pd, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, and Au) in Earth's mantle require the addition of metals after the formation of Earth's core. Early, large collisions have the potential to deliver metals, but the details of their mixing with Earth's mantle remain unresolved. As a large projectile disrupts and penetrates Earth's mantle, a fraction of its metallic core may directly merge with Earth's core. Ensuing gravitational instabilities remove the remaining projectile's core stranded in Earth's mantle, leaving the latter deprived of HSEs. Here, we propose a framework that can efficiently retain the metallic components during large impacts. The mechanism is based on the ubiquitous presence of a partially molten region in the mantle beneath an impact-generated magma ocean, and it involves rapid three-phase flow with solid silicate, molten silicate, and liquid metal as well as long-term mixing by mantle convection. In addition, large low-shear-velocity provinces in the lower mantle may originate from compositional heterogeneities resulting from the proposed three-phase flow during high-energy collisions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.2309181120
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Article ; Online: A wet heterogeneous mantle creates a habitable world in the Hadean.

Miyazaki, Yoshinori / Korenaga, Jun

Nature

2022 Volume 603, Issue 7899, Page(s) 86–90

Abstract: The Hadean eon, following the global-scale melting of the ... ...

Abstract	The Hadean eon, following the global-scale melting of the mantle
MeSH term(s)	Atmosphere ; Earth, Planet ; Oceans and Seas ; Planets ; Water
Chemical Substances	Water (059QF0KO0R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	120714-3
ISSN	1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
ISSN (online)	1476-4687
ISSN	0028-0836
DOI	10.1038/s41586-021-04371-9
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Article ; Online: Inefficient Water Degassing Inhibits Ocean Formation on Rocky Planets: An Insight from Self-Consistent Mantle Degassing Models.

Miyazaki, Yoshinori / Korenaga, Jun

Astrobiology

2022 Volume 22, Issue 6, Page(s) 713–734

Abstract: A sufficient amount of water is required at the surface to develop water oceans. A significant fraction of water, however, remains in the mantle during magma ocean solidification, and thus the existence of water oceans is not guaranteed even for ... ...

Abstract	A sufficient amount of water is required at the surface to develop water oceans. A significant fraction of water, however, remains in the mantle during magma ocean solidification, and thus the existence of water oceans is not guaranteed even for exoplanets located in the habitable zone. To discuss the likelihood of ocean formation, we built two models to predict the rate of mantle degassing during the magma ocean stage and the subsequent solid-state convection stage. We find that planets with low H
MeSH term(s)	Carbon Dioxide ; Evolution, Planetary ; Oceans and Seas ; Planets ; Water
Chemical Substances	Water (059QF0KO0R) ; Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2047736-3
ISSN	1557-8070 ; 1531-1074
ISSN (online)	1557-8070
ISSN	1531-1074
DOI	10.1089/ast.2021.0126
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Article ; Online: Crustal evolution and mantle dynamics through Earth history.

Korenaga, Jun

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

2018 Volume 376, Issue 2132

Abstract: Resolving the modes of mantle convection through Earth history, i.e. when plate tectonics started and what kind of mantle dynamics reigned before, is essential to the understanding of the evolution of the whole Earth system, because plate tectonics ... ...

Abstract	Resolving the modes of mantle convection through Earth history, i.e. when plate tectonics started and what kind of mantle dynamics reigned before, is essential to the understanding of the evolution of the whole Earth system, because plate tectonics influences almost all aspects of modern geological processes. This is a challenging problem because plate tectonics continuously rejuvenates Earth's surface on a time scale of about 100 Myr, destroying evidence for its past operation. It thus becomes essential to exploit indirect evidence preserved in the buoyant continental crust, part of which has survived over billions of years. This contribution starts with an in-depth review of existing models for continental growth. Growth models proposed so far can be categorized into three types: crust-based, mantle-based and other less direct inferences, and the first two types are particularly important as their difference reflects the extent of crustal recycling, which can be related to subduction. Then, a theoretical basis for a change in the mode of mantle convection in the Precambrian is reviewed, along with a critical appraisal of some popular notions for early Earth dynamics. By combining available geological and geochemical observations with geodynamical considerations, a tentative hypothesis is presented for the evolution of mantle dynamics and its relation to surface environment; the early onset of plate tectonics and gradual mantle hydration are responsible not only for the formation of continental crust but also for its preservation as well as its emergence above sea level. Our current understanding of various material properties and elementary processes is still too premature to build a testable, quantitative model for this hypothesis, but such modelling efforts could potentially transform the nature of the data-starved early Earth research by quantifying the extent of preservation bias.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Earth dynamics and the development of plate tectonics'.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	208381-4
ISSN	1471-2962 ; 0080-4614 ; 0264-3820 ; 0264-3952 ; 1364-503X
ISSN (online)	1471-2962
ISSN	0080-4614 ; 0264-3820 ; 0264-3952 ; 1364-503X
DOI	10.1098/rsta.2017.0408
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Article ; Online: A halogen budget of the bulk silicate Earth points to a history of early halogen degassing followed by net regassing.

Guo, Meng / Korenaga, Jun

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2022 Volume 118, Issue 51

Abstract: Halogens are important tracers of various planetary formation and evolution processes, and an accurate understanding of their abundances in the Earth's silicate reservoirs can help us reconstruct the history of interactions among mantle, atmosphere, and ... ...

Abstract	Halogens are important tracers of various planetary formation and evolution processes, and an accurate understanding of their abundances in the Earth's silicate reservoirs can help us reconstruct the history of interactions among mantle, atmosphere, and oceans. The previous studies of halogen abundances in the bulk silicate Earth (BSE) are based on the assumption of constant ratios of element abundances, which is shown to result in a gross underestimation of the BSE halogen budget. Here we present a more robust approach using a log-log linear model. Using this method, we provide an internally consistent estimate of halogen abundances in the depleted mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB)-source mantle, the enriched ocean island basalts (OIB)-source mantle, the depleted mantle, and BSE. Unlike previous studies, our results suggest that halogens in BSE are not more depleted compared to elements with similar volatility, thereby indicating sufficient halogen retention during planetary accretion. According to halogen abundances in the depleted mantle and BSE, we estimate that ∼87% of all stable halogens reside in the present-day mantle. Given our understanding of the history of mantle degassing and the evolution of crustal recycling, the revised halogen budget suggests that deep halogen cycle is characterized by efficient degassing in the early Earth and subsequent net regassing in the rest of Earth history. Such an evolution of deep halogen cycle presents a major step toward a more comprehensive understanding of ancient ocean alkalinity, which affects carbon partitioning within the hydrosphere, the stability of crustal and authigenic minerals, and the development of early life.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.2116083118
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