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Article ; Online: Insights into Glomerular Filtration and Albuminuria.

Remuzzi, Andrea / Remuzzi, Giuseppe

2021 Volume 385, Issue 5, Page(s) 477

MeSH term(s)	Albuminuria ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	207154-x
ISSN	1533-4406 ; 0028-4793
ISSN (online)	1533-4406
ISSN	0028-4793
DOI	10.1056/NEJMc2108129
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Article ; Online: Another piece in the puzzle of kidney fibrosis.

Remuzzi, Andrea / Nangaku, Masaomi

Kidney international

2023 Volume 103, Issue 6, Page(s) 1020–1023

Abstract: Kidney fibrosis is a chronic physiomorphologic transformation of the renal parenchyma. Despite the known characteristics of the related structural and cellular changes, the mechanisms responsible for the initiation and progression of renal fibrosis are ... ...

Abstract	Kidney fibrosis is a chronic physiomorphologic transformation of the renal parenchyma. Despite the known characteristics of the related structural and cellular changes, the mechanisms responsible for the initiation and progression of renal fibrosis are not completely understood. Development of efficient therapeutic drugs aimed at preventing the progressive loss of renal function requires an in-depth understanding of the complex phenomena associated with the pathophysiology of human diseases. The investigation of Li et al. provides novel evidence in this direction.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Kidney Diseases/etiology ; Kidney Diseases/pathology ; Kidney/pathology ; Myofibroblasts/pathology ; Fibrosis ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/etiology ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	120573-0
ISSN	1523-1755 ; 0085-2538
ISSN (online)	1523-1755
ISSN	0085-2538
DOI	10.1016/j.kint.2023.03.028
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Article ; Online: Tissue-Resident Macrophages in Solid Organ Transplantation: Harmful or Protective?

Aiello, Sistiana / Benigni, Ariela / Remuzzi, Giuseppe

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)

2024 Volume 212, Issue 7, Page(s) 1051–1061

Abstract: Transplanted organs carry donor immune cells into the recipient, the majority of which are tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs). The role they play in guiding the fate of the transplanted organ toward acceptance or rejection remains elusive. TRMs originate ...

Abstract	Transplanted organs carry donor immune cells into the recipient, the majority of which are tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs). The role they play in guiding the fate of the transplanted organ toward acceptance or rejection remains elusive. TRMs originate from both embryonic and bone marrow-derived precursors. Embryo-derived TRMs retain the embryonic capability to proliferate, so they are able to self-renew and, theoretically, persist for extended periods of time after transplantation. Bone marrow-derived TRMs do not proliferate and must constantly be replenished by adult circulating monocytes. Recent studies have aimed to clarify the different roles and interactions between donor TRMs, recipient monocytes, and monocyte-derived macrophages (MFs) after organ transplantation. This review aims to shed light on how MFs affect the fate of a transplanted organ by differentiating between the role of donor TRMs and that of MFs derived from graft infiltrating monocytes.
MeSH term(s)	Macrophages ; Monocytes ; Organ Transplantation ; Bone Marrow ; Embryo, Mammalian
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3056-9
ISSN	1550-6606 ; 0022-1767 ; 1048-3233 ; 1047-7381
ISSN (online)	1550-6606
ISSN	0022-1767 ; 1048-3233 ; 1047-7381
DOI	10.4049/jimmunol.2300625
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Article ; Online: Sirtuins in kidney health and disease.

Perico, Luca / Remuzzi, Giuseppe / Benigni, Ariela

Nature reviews. Nephrology

2024 Volume 20, Issue 5, Page(s) 313–329

Abstract: Sirtuins (SIRTs) are putative regulators of lifespan in model organisms. Since the initial discovery that SIRTs could promote longevity in nematodes and flies, the identification of additional properties of these proteins has led to understanding of ... ...

Abstract	Sirtuins (SIRTs) are putative regulators of lifespan in model organisms. Since the initial discovery that SIRTs could promote longevity in nematodes and flies, the identification of additional properties of these proteins has led to understanding of their roles as exquisite sensors that link metabolic activity to oxidative states. SIRTs have major roles in biological processes that are important in kidney development and physiological functions, including mitochondrial metabolism, oxidative stress, autophagy, DNA repair and inflammation. Furthermore, altered SIRT activity has been implicated in the pathophysiology and progression of acute and chronic kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury, diabetic kidney disease, chronic kidney disease, polycystic kidney disease, autoimmune diseases and renal ageing. The renoprotective roles of SIRTs in these diseases make them attractive therapeutic targets. A number of SIRT-activating compounds have shown beneficial effects in kidney disease models; however, further research is needed to identify novel SIRT-targeting strategies with the potential to treat and/or prevent the progression of kidney diseases and increase the average human healthspan.
MeSH term(s)	Sirtuins/metabolism ; Sirtuins/physiology ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases/metabolism ; Animals ; Kidney/metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Aging/physiology ; Aging/metabolism ; Autophagy/physiology
Chemical Substances	Sirtuins (EC 3.5.1.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2490366-8
ISSN	1759-507X ; 1759-5061
ISSN (online)	1759-507X
ISSN	1759-5061
DOI	10.1038/s41581-024-00806-4
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Article ; Online: COVID-19 and Italy: what next?

Remuzzi, Andrea / Remuzzi, Giuseppe

Lancet (London, England)

2020 Volume 395, Issue 10231, Page(s) 1225–1228

Abstract: The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has already taken on pandemic proportions, affecting over 100 countries in a matter of weeks. A global response to prepare health systems worldwide is imperative. Although ... ...

Abstract	The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has already taken on pandemic proportions, affecting over 100 countries in a matter of weeks. A global response to prepare health systems worldwide is imperative. Although containment measures in China have reduced new cases by more than 90%, this reduction is not the case elsewhere, and Italy has been particularly affected. There is now grave concern regarding the Italian national health system's capacity to effectively respond to the needs of patients who are infected and require intensive care for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. The percentage of patients in intensive care reported daily in Italy between March 1 and March 11, 2020, has consistently been between 9% and 11% of patients who are actively infected. The number of patients infected since Feb 21 in Italy closely follows an exponential trend. If this trend continues for 1 more week, there will be 30 000 infected patients. Intensive care units will then be at maximum capacity; up to 4000 hospital beds will be needed by mid-April, 2020. Our analysis might help political leaders and health authorities to allocate enough resources, including personnel, beds, and intensive care facilities, to manage the situation in the next few days and weeks. If the Italian outbreak follows a similar trend as in Hubei province, China, the number of newly infected patients could start to decrease within 3-4 days, departing from the exponential trend. However, this cannot currently be predicted because of differences between social distancing measures and the capacity to quickly build dedicated facilities in China.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/therapy ; Female ; Global Health ; Health Policy/trends ; Hospital Bed Capacity/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data ; Intensive Care Units/supply & distribution ; Italy/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Biological ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/therapy ; Respiration, Artificial/statistics & numerical data ; SARS-CoV-2
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	3306-6
ISSN	1474-547X ; 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
ISSN (online)	1474-547X
ISSN	0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
DOI	10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30627-9
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Article ; Online: Glomerular hyperfiltration.

Cortinovis, Monica / Perico, Norberto / Ruggenenti, Piero / Remuzzi, Andrea / Remuzzi, Giuseppe

Nature reviews. Nephrology

2022 Volume 18, Issue 7, Page(s) 435–451

Abstract: Circulating blood is filtered across the glomerular barrier to form an ultrafiltrate of plasma in the Bowman's space. The volume of glomerular filtration adjusted by time is defined as the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and the total GFR is the sum of ...

Abstract	Circulating blood is filtered across the glomerular barrier to form an ultrafiltrate of plasma in the Bowman's space. The volume of glomerular filtration adjusted by time is defined as the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and the total GFR is the sum of all single-nephron GFRs. Thus, when the single-nephron GFR is increased in the context of a normal number of functioning nephrons, single glomerular hyperfiltration results in 'absolute' hyperfiltration in the kidney. 'Absolute' hyperfiltration can occur in healthy people after high protein intake, during pregnancy and in patients with diabetes, obesity or autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease. When the number of functioning nephrons is reduced, single-nephron glomerular hyperfiltration can result in a GFR that is within or below the normal range. This 'relative' hyperfiltration can occur in patients with a congenitally reduced nephron number or with an acquired reduction in nephron mass consequent to surgery or kidney disease. Improved understanding of the mechanisms that underlie 'absolute' and 'relative' glomerular hyperfiltration in different clinical settings, and of whether and how the single-nephron haemodynamic and related biomechanical forces that underlie glomerular hyperfiltration promote glomerular injury, will pave the way toward the development of novel therapeutic interventions that attenuate glomerular hyperfiltration and potentially prevent or limit consequent progressive kidney injury and loss of function.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kidney Glomerulus ; Nephrons ; Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant ; Pregnancy
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2490366-8
ISSN	1759-507X ; 1759-5061
ISSN (online)	1759-507X
ISSN	1759-5061
DOI	10.1038/s41581-022-00559-y
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Article ; Online: The Italian health-care crisis-only a matter of funding?

Garattini, Livio / Nobili, Alessandro / Remuzzi, Giuseppe

Lancet (London, England)

2023 Volume 403, Issue 10428, Page(s) 727–728

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Delivery of Health Care ; National Health Programs ; Health Facilities ; Italy
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	3306-6
ISSN	1474-547X ; 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
ISSN (online)	1474-547X
ISSN	0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
DOI	10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02224-9
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Article ; Online: Artificial organs: current status and future directions.

Remuzzi, Andrea

The International journal of artificial organs

2017 Volume 39, Issue 12, Page(s) 587–589

Language	English
Publishing date	2017-02-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80456-3
ISSN	1724-6040 ; 0391-3988
ISSN (online)	1724-6040
ISSN	0391-3988
DOI	10.5301/ijao.5000563
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Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 and the spike protein in endotheliopathy.

Perico, Luca / Benigni, Ariela / Remuzzi, Giuseppe

Trends in microbiology

2023 Volume 32, Issue 1, Page(s) 53–67

Abstract: SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, primarily affects the epithelial compartment in the upper and lower airways. There is evidence that the microvasculature in both the pulmonary and extrapulmonary systems is a major target of SARS-CoV-2. ... ...

Abstract	SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, primarily affects the epithelial compartment in the upper and lower airways. There is evidence that the microvasculature in both the pulmonary and extrapulmonary systems is a major target of SARS-CoV-2. Consistent with this, vascular dysfunction and thrombosis are the most severe complications in COVID-19. The proinflammatory milieu triggered by the hyperactivation of the immune system by SARS-CoV-2 has been suggested to be the main trigger for endothelial dysfunction during COVID-19. More recently, a rapidly growing number of reports have indicated that SARS-CoV-2 can interact directly with endothelial cells through the spike protein, leading to multiple instances of endothelial dysfunction. Here, we describe all the available findings showing the direct effect of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on endothelial cells and offer mechanistic insights into the molecular basis of vascular dysfunction in severe COVID-19.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19/complications ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism
Chemical Substances	spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1158963-2
ISSN	1878-4380 ; 0966-842X
ISSN (online)	1878-4380
ISSN	0966-842X
DOI	10.1016/j.tim.2023.06.004
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Article ; Online: Flow-induced high frequency vascular wall vibrations in an arteriovenous fistula: a specific stimulus for stenosis development?

Bozzetto, Michela / Remuzzi, Andrea / Valen-Sendstad, Kristian

Physical and engineering sciences in medicine

2023 Volume 47, Issue 1, Page(s) 187–197

Abstract: Hemodialysis is the lifeline for nearly three million end stage renal disease patients worldwide. Native arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred vascular access, but 40% fail within 1 year. We recently demonstrated that AVFs harbour transitional ... ...

Abstract	Hemodialysis is the lifeline for nearly three million end stage renal disease patients worldwide. Native arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred vascular access, but 40% fail within 1 year. We recently demonstrated that AVFs harbour transitional flows and the goal of the present study was to investigate whether the associated high-frequency pressure fluctuations could promote vibrations within the vascular wall. We acquired MRI images and flow rates immediately after surgery in one patient and generated a 3D patient-specific model. High-fidelity fluid structure interaction simulations revealed the presence of wall vibrations in distinct frequency bands up to 200 Hz and amplitude of 200 μm. A sensitivity analysis to assess the impact of flow rates, and vascular wall stiffness and thickness, changes that typically occur during AVF maturation, confirmed the robustness of the results. Interestingly, the vibrations were always predominant at the anastomosis floor and on the inner venous side, which correlates with typical stenotic regions. As studies seeking to correlate aberrant stresses and vascular remodelling have been largely inconclusive, the focal colocalization between vibrations and stenosis may suggest an unknown mechanobiological process between high-frequency mechanical stresses within the vascular wall and adverse vascular remodelling.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical ; Constriction, Pathologic/diagnostic imaging ; Vascular Remodeling ; Vibration ; Arteriovenous Fistula/diagnostic imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2662-4737
ISSN (online)	2662-4737
DOI	10.1007/s13246-023-01355-z
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