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  1. Article ; Online: Evidence mapping: methodologic foundations and application to intervention and observational research on sugar-sweetened beverages and health outcomes.

    Althuis, Michelle D / Weed, Douglas L

    The American journal of clinical nutrition

    2013  Volume 98, Issue 3, Page(s) 755–768

    Abstract: Background: Evidence maps are a new method that systematically characterize the range of research activity in broad topic areas and are used to guide research priority setting, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses.: Objective: We expanded evidence ... ...

    Abstract Background: Evidence maps are a new method that systematically characterize the range of research activity in broad topic areas and are used to guide research priority setting, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses.
    Objective: We expanded evidence mapping methods by demonstrating their usefulness as a tool for organizing epidemiologic research on sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake and health outcomes: obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and coronary heart disease/stroke.
    Design: We performed a search of the PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases and a hand search of references. Studies selected were reviews and longitudinal studies (intervention and cohort) published between 1 January 1966 and 31 October 2012.
    Results: We identified and mapped 77 studies (18 review and 59 primary research articles); most of the research focused on obesity (n = 47). For all outcomes, >30% (n = 18) of the primary research studies we identified were not referenced in published reviews. We found considerable variability among primary research studies of SSBs and the 4 health outcomes in terms of designs, definitions of SSBs, and definitions of outcomes, which renders these studies difficult to interpret collectively. For example, we counted 14 different definitions of weight/obesity in 29 observational cohort studies, and ≤6 studies reported the use of the same outcome measure.
    Conclusions: Establishing field standards in the study of SSB intake and health outcomes would facilitate interpretation across research studies and thereby increase the utility of systematic reviews/meta-analyses and ultimately the efficiency of research efforts. Rapid publication of new data suggests the need for regular updates and caution when reading reviews.
    MeSH term(s) Beverages ; Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control ; Coronary Disease/etiology ; Coronary Disease/prevention & control ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/prevention & control ; Diet ; Dietary Sucrose/adverse effects ; Dietary Sucrose/pharmacology ; Epidemiologic Methods ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Humans ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Metabolic Diseases/etiology ; Metabolic Diseases/prevention & control ; Metabolic Syndrome/etiology ; Metabolic Syndrome/prevention & control ; Obesity/etiology ; Obesity/prevention & control ; Outcome Assessment, Health Care ; Qualitative Research ; Research Design ; Review Literature as Topic ; Stroke/chemically induced ; Stroke/prevention & control
    Chemical Substances Dietary Sucrose
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-07-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 280048-2
    ISSN 1938-3207 ; 0002-9165
    ISSN (online) 1938-3207
    ISSN 0002-9165
    DOI 10.3945/ajcn.113.058917
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Evidence-based mapping of design heterogeneity prior to meta-analysis: a systematic review and evidence synthesis.

    Althuis, Michelle D / Weed, Douglas L / Frankenfeld, Cara L

    Systematic reviews

    2014  Volume 3, Page(s) 80

    Abstract: Background: Assessment of design heterogeneity conducted prior to meta-analysis is infrequently reported; it is often presented post hoc to explain statistical heterogeneity. However, design heterogeneity determines the mix of included studies and how ... ...

    Abstract Background: Assessment of design heterogeneity conducted prior to meta-analysis is infrequently reported; it is often presented post hoc to explain statistical heterogeneity. However, design heterogeneity determines the mix of included studies and how they are analyzed in a meta-analysis, which in turn can importantly influence the results. The goal of this work is to introduce ways to improve the assessment and reporting of design heterogeneity prior to statistical summarization of epidemiologic studies.
    Methods: In this paper, we use an assessment of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) as an example to show how a technique called 'evidence mapping' can be used to organize studies and evaluate design heterogeneity prior to meta-analysis.. Employing a systematic and reproducible approach, we evaluated the following elements across 11 selected cohort studies: variation in definitions of SSB, T2D, and co-variables, design features and population characteristics associated with specific definitions of SSB, and diversity in modeling strategies.
    Results: Evidence mapping strategies effectively organized complex data and clearly depicted design heterogeneity. For example, across 11 studies of SSB and T2D, 7 measured diet only once (with 7 to 16 years of disease follow-up), 5 included primarily low SSB consumers, and 3 defined the study variable (SSB) as consumption of either sugar or artificially-sweetened beverages. This exercise also identified diversity in analysis strategies, such as adjustment for 11 to 17 co-variables and a large degree of fluctuation in SSB-T2D risk estimates depending on variables selected for multivariable models (2 to 95% change in the risk estimate from the age-adjusted model).
    Conclusions: Meta-analysis seeks to understand heterogeneity in addition to computing a summary risk estimate. This strategy effectively documents design heterogeneity, thus improving the practice of meta-analysis by aiding in: 1) protocol and analysis planning, 2) transparent reporting of differences in study designs, and 3) interpretation of pooled estimates. We recommend expanding the practice of meta-analysis reporting to include a table that summarizes design heterogeneity. This would provide readers with more evidence to interpret the summary risk estimates.
    MeSH term(s) Beverages ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Dietary Sucrose ; Humans ; Information Storage and Retrieval/methods ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Models, Theoretical ; Review Literature as Topic
    Chemical Substances Dietary Sucrose
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-07-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 2662257-9
    ISSN 2046-4053 ; 2046-4053
    ISSN (online) 2046-4053
    ISSN 2046-4053
    DOI 10.1186/2046-4053-3-80
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Evidence mapping: methodologic foundations and application to intervention and observational research on sugar-sweetened beverages and health outcomes

    Althuis, Michelle D / Weed, Douglas L

    American journal of clinical nutrition. 2013 Sept., v. 98, no. 3

    2013  

    Abstract: Background: Evidence maps are a new method that systematically characterize the range of research activity in broad topic areas and are used to guide research priority setting, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses.Objective: We expanded evidence mapping ...

    Abstract Background: Evidence maps are a new method that systematically characterize the range of research activity in broad topic areas and are used to guide research priority setting, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses.Objective: We expanded evidence mapping methods by demonstrating their usefulness as a tool for organizing epidemiologic research on sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake and health outcomes: obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and coronary heart disease/stroke.Design: We performed a search of the PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases and a hand search of references. Studies selected were reviews and longitudinal studies (intervention and cohort) published between 1 January 1966 and 31 October 2012.Results: We identified and mapped 77 studies (18 review and 59 primary research articles); most of the research focused on obesity (n = 47). For all outcomes, >30% (n = 18) of the primary research studies we identified were not referenced in published reviews. We found considerable variability among primary research studies of SSBs and the 4 health outcomes in terms of designs, definitions of SSBs, and definitions of outcomes, which renders these studies difficult to interpret collectively. For example, we counted 14 different definitions of weight/obesity in 29 observational cohort studies, and ≤6 studies reported the use of the same outcome measure.Conclusions: Establishing field standards in the study of SSB intake and health outcomes would facilitate interpretation across research studies and thereby increase the utility of systematic reviews/meta-analyses and ultimately the efficiency of research efforts. Rapid publication of new data suggests the need for regular updates and caution when reading reviews.
    Keywords beverages ; clinical nutrition ; cohort studies ; databases ; heart ; longitudinal studies ; metabolic syndrome ; noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; obesity
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2013-09
    Size p. 755-768.
    Publishing place American Society for Clinical Nutrition
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 280048-2
    ISSN 1938-3207 ; 0002-9165
    ISSN (online) 1938-3207
    ISSN 0002-9165
    DOI 10.3945/ajcn.113.058917
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  4. Article ; Online: Quality of reviews on sugar-sweetened beverages and health outcomes: a systematic review.

    Weed, Douglas L / Althuis, Michelle D / Mink, Pamela J

    The American journal of clinical nutrition

    2011  Volume 94, Issue 5, Page(s) 1340–1347

    Abstract: Background: Medical and public health decisions are informed by reviews, which makes the quality of reviews an important scientific concern.: Objective: We systematically assessed the quality of published reviews on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) ... ...

    Abstract Background: Medical and public health decisions are informed by reviews, which makes the quality of reviews an important scientific concern.
    Objective: We systematically assessed the quality of published reviews on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and health, which is a controversial topic that is important to public health.
    Design: We performed a search of PubMed and Cochrane databases and a hand search of reference lists. Studies that were selected were published reviews and meta-analyses (June 2001 to June 2011) of epidemiologic studies of the relation between SSBs and obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and coronary heart disease. A standardized data-abstraction form was used. Review quality was assessed by using the validated instrument AMSTAR (assessment of multiple systematic reviews), which is a one-page tool with 11 questions.
    Results: Seventeen reviews met our inclusion and exclusion criteria: obesity or weight (16 reviews), diabetes (3 reviews), metabolic syndrome (3 reviews), and coronary heart disease (2 reviews). Authors frequently used a strictly narrative review (7 of 17 reviews). Only 6 of 17 reviews reported quantitative data in a table format. Overall, reviews of SSBs and health outcomes received moderately low-quality scores by the AMSTAR [mean: 4.4 points; median: 4 points; range: 1-8.5 points (out of a possible score of 11 points)]. AMSTAR scores were not related to the conclusions of authors (8 reviews reported an association with a mean AMSTAR score of 4.1 points; 9 reviews with equivocal conclusions scored 4.7 points; P value = 0.84). Less than one-third of published reviews reported a comprehensive literature search, listed included and excluded studies, or used duplicate study selection and data abstraction.
    Conclusion: The comprehensive reporting of epidemiologic evidence and use of systematic methodologies to interpret evidence were underused in published reviews on SSBs and health.
    MeSH term(s) Beverages/standards ; Humans ; Public Health/standards ; Review Literature as Topic ; Sweetening Agents/standards
    Chemical Substances Sweetening Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-09-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 280048-2
    ISSN 1938-3207 ; 0002-9165
    ISSN (online) 1938-3207
    ISSN 0002-9165
    DOI 10.3945/ajcn.111.015875
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Oral contraceptives and the risk of breast cancer.

    Althuis, Michelle D / Brinton, Louise A

    The New England journal of medicine

    2002  Volume 347, Issue 18, Page(s) 1448–9; author reply 1448–9

    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Age Factors ; Breast Neoplasms/chemically induced ; Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Contraceptives, Oral/adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors
    Chemical Substances Contraceptives, Oral
    Language English
    Publishing date 2002-10-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comment ; Letter
    ZDB-ID 207154-x
    ISSN 1533-4406 ; 0028-4793
    ISSN (online) 1533-4406
    ISSN 0028-4793
    DOI 10.1056/NEJM200210313471813
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  6. Article: Rapid Transition to Telehealth Group Exercise and Functional Assessments in Response to COVID-19.

    Jennings, Stephen C / Manning, Kenneth M / Bettger, Janet Prvu / Hall, Katherine M / Pearson, Megan / Mateas, Catalin / Briggs, Brandon C / Oursler, Krisann K / Blanchard, Erin / Lee, Cathy C / Castle, Steven / Valencia, Willy M / Katzel, Leslie I / Giffuni, Jamie / Kopp, Teresa / McDonald, Michelle / Harris, Rebekah / Bean, Jonathan F / Althuis, Katherine /
    Alexander, Neil B / Padala, Kalpana P / Abbate, Lauren M / Wellington, Toby / Kostra, James / Allsup, Kelly / Forman, Daniel E / Tayade, Arti S / Wesley, Alan D / Holder, Alice / Morey, Miriam C

    Gerontology & geriatric medicine

    2020  Volume 6, Page(s) 2333721420980313

    Abstract: Exercise is critical for health maintenance in late life. The COVID-19 shelter in place and social distancing orders resulted in wide-scale interruptions of exercise therapies, placing older adults at risk for the consequences of decreased mobilization. ... ...

    Abstract Exercise is critical for health maintenance in late life. The COVID-19 shelter in place and social distancing orders resulted in wide-scale interruptions of exercise therapies, placing older adults at risk for the consequences of decreased mobilization. The purpose of this paper is to describe rapid transition of the Gerofit facility-based group exercise program to telehealth delivery. This Gerofit-to-Home (GTH) program continued with group-based synchronous exercise classes that ranged from 1 to 24 Veterans per class and 1 to 9 classes offered per week in the different locations. Three hundred and eight of 1149 (27%) Veterans active in the Gerofit facility-based programs made the transition to the telehealth delivered classes. Participants' physical performance testing continued remotely as scheduled with comparisons between most recent facility-based and remote testing suggesting that participants retained physical function. Detailed protocols for remote physical performance testing and sample exercise routines are described. Translation to remote delivery of exercise programs for older adults could mitigate negative health effects.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2844974-5
    ISSN 2333-7214 ; 2333-7214
    ISSN (online) 2333-7214
    ISSN 2333-7214
    DOI 10.1177/2333721420980313
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Is male breast cancer similar or different than female breast cancer?

    Anderson, William F / Althuis, Michelle D / Brinton, Louise A / Devesa, Susan S

    Breast cancer research and treatment

    2004  Volume 83, Issue 1, Page(s) 77–86

    Abstract: Objective: To determine if male breast carcinogenesis was similar to its more common female counterpart, we compared incidence patterns among men and women with breast cancer.: Methods: Breast cancer records were obtained from the SEER database. ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To determine if male breast carcinogenesis was similar to its more common female counterpart, we compared incidence patterns among men and women with breast cancer.
    Methods: Breast cancer records were obtained from the SEER database. Women were stratified by age < 50 and > or = 50 years to simulate premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer.
    Results: Age-adjusted incidence trends were stable among men but increased among women. Male to female breast cancer ratio was higher for blacks than for whites. Favorable prognostic factors reflective of tumor biology (nuclear grade and hormone receptor expression) were more common for men and postmenopausal women than for premenopausal women. For example, low nuclear grade, estrogen and progesterone receptor-positive expression were more common among men and postmenopausal women than among premenopausal women. The age-specific incidence rate curve for men increased steadily for all ages with a constant slope. On the other hand, age-specific rates for women increased rapidly until age 50 years then rose at a slower rate for postmenopausal women. Age-frequency distribution for male breast cancer was unimodal, with peak incidence at age 71 years. Age-frequency distribution for women was bimodal with early-onset and late-onset incidence at 52 and 71 years, respectively.
    Conclusions: Gender-specific incidence trends differed, most likely reflective of female-related changes in surveillance and/or reproductive risk factors. On the other hand, similar prognostic factor profiles reflective of tumor biology, age-specific incidence rate patterns, and age-frequency distributions suggested that male breast cancer was more like postmenopausal than premenopausal female breast cancer.
    MeSH term(s) Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Breast Neoplasms/etiology ; Breast Neoplasms, Male/epidemiology ; Breast Neoplasms, Male/etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/epidemiology ; Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/etiology ; Risk Factors ; SEER Program ; Sex Factors ; United States/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004-01
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604563-7
    ISSN 1573-7217 ; 0167-6806
    ISSN (online) 1573-7217
    ISSN 0167-6806
    DOI 10.1023/B:BREA.0000010701.08825.2d
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 1655: Show issues Location:
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  8. Article: Quality of reviews on sugar-sweetened beverages and health outcomes: a systematic review

    Weed, Douglas L / Althuis, Michelle D / Mink, Pamela J

    American journal of clinical nutrition. 2011 Nov., v. 94, no. 5

    2011  

    Abstract: BACKGROUND: Medical and public health decisions are informed by reviews, which makes the quality of reviews an important scientific concern. OBJECTIVE: We systematically assessed the quality of published reviews on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and ... ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND: Medical and public health decisions are informed by reviews, which makes the quality of reviews an important scientific concern. OBJECTIVE: We systematically assessed the quality of published reviews on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and health, which is a controversial topic that is important to public health. DESIGN: We performed a search of PubMed and Cochrane databases and a hand search of reference lists. Studies that were selected were published reviews and meta-analyses (June 2001 to June 2011) of epidemiologic studies of the relation between SSBs and obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and coronary heart disease. A standardized data-abstraction form was used. Review quality was assessed by using the validated instrument AMSTAR (assessment of multiple systematic reviews), which is a one-page tool with 11 questions. RESULTS: Seventeen reviews met our inclusion and exclusion criteria: obesity or weight (16 reviews), diabetes (3 reviews), metabolic syndrome (3 reviews), and coronary heart disease (2 reviews). Authors frequently used a strictly narrative review (7 of 17 reviews). Only 6 of 17 reviews reported quantitative data in a table format. Overall, reviews of SSBs and health outcomes received moderately low–quality scores by the AMSTAR [mean: 4.4 points; median: 4 points; range: 1–8.5 points (out of a possible score of 11 points)]. AMSTAR scores were not related to the conclusions of authors (8 reviews reported an association with a mean AMSTAR score of 4.1 points; 9 reviews with equivocal conclusions scored 4.7 points; P value = 0.84). Less than one-third of published reviews reported a comprehensive literature search, listed included and excluded studies, or used duplicate study selection and data abstraction. CONCLUSION: The comprehensive reporting of epidemiologic evidence and use of systematic methodologies to interpret evidence were underused in published reviews on SSBs and health.
    Keywords beverages ; epidemiological studies ; metabolic syndrome ; myocardial ischemia ; noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; obesity ; public health ; sugars ; systematic review
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2011-11
    Size p. 1340-1347.
    Publishing place American Society for Clinical Nutrition
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 280048-2
    ISSN 1938-3207 ; 0002-9165
    ISSN (online) 1938-3207
    ISSN 0002-9165
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Article: Global trends in breast cancer incidence and mortality 1973-1997.

    Althuis, Michelle D / Dozier, Jaclyn M / Anderson, William F / Devesa, Susan S / Brinton, Louise A

    International journal of epidemiology

    2005  Volume 34, Issue 2, Page(s) 405–412

    Abstract: Background: Worldwide, breast cancer is the most common cancer and is the leading cause of cancer death among women.: Methods: To describe global trends, we compared age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates over three decades (from 1973-77 to 1993- ... ...

    Abstract Background: Worldwide, breast cancer is the most common cancer and is the leading cause of cancer death among women.
    Methods: To describe global trends, we compared age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates over three decades (from 1973-77 to 1993-97) and across several continents.
    Results: Both breast cancer incidence and mortality rates varied 4-fold by geographic location between countries with the highest and lowest rates. Recent (1993-1997) incidence rates ranged from 27/100,000 in Asian countries to 97/100,000 among US white women. Overall, North American and northern European countries had the highest incidence rates of breast cancer; intermediate levels were reported in Western Europe, Oceania, Scandinavia, and Israel; and Eastern Europe, South and Latin America, and Asia had the lowest levels. Breast cancer incidence rose 30-40% from the 1970s to the 1990s in most countries, with the most marked increases among women aged > or =50 years. Mortality from breast cancer paralleled incidence: it was highest in the countries with the highest incidence rates (between 17/100,000 and 27/100,000), lowest in Latin America and Asia (7-14/100,000), and rose most rapidly in countries with the lowest rates.
    Conclusions: Breast cancer incidence and mortality rates remain highest in developed countries compared with developing countries, as a result of differential use of screening mammograms and disparities in lifestyle and hereditary factors. Future studies assessing the combined contributions of both environmental and hereditary factors may provide explanations for worldwide differences in incidence and mortality rates.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Asia/epidemiology ; Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Breast Neoplasms/mortality ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Europe/epidemiology ; Female ; Global Health ; Humans ; Incidence ; Israel/epidemiology ; Latin America/epidemiology ; Mammography ; Middle Aged ; Oceania ; Risk Factors ; South America/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2005-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 187909-1
    ISSN 1464-3685 ; 0300-5771
    ISSN (online) 1464-3685
    ISSN 0300-5771
    DOI 10.1093/ije/dyh414
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Glucose and insulin responses to dietary chromium supplements: a meta-analysis.

    Althuis, Michelle D / Jordan, Nicole E / Ludington, Elizabeth A / Wittes, Janet T

    The American journal of clinical nutrition

    2001  Volume 76, Issue 1, Page(s) 148–155

    Abstract: Background: Several authors, mostly on the basis of nonrandomized studies, have suggested dietary trivalent chromium supplementation as an attractive option for the management of type 2 diabetes and for glycemic control in persons at high risk of type 2 ...

    Abstract Background: Several authors, mostly on the basis of nonrandomized studies, have suggested dietary trivalent chromium supplementation as an attractive option for the management of type 2 diabetes and for glycemic control in persons at high risk of type 2 diabetes.
    Objective: The study aimed to determine the effect of chromium on glucose and insulin responses in healthy subjects and in individuals with glucose intolerance or type 2 diabetes.
    Design: The study design was a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs).
    Results: The authors identified 20 reports of RCTs assessing the effect of chromium on glucose, insulin, or glycated hemoglobin (Hb A(1c)). This review summarizes data on 618 participants from the 15 trials that reported adequate data: 193 participants had type 2 diabetes and 425 were in good health or had impaired glucose tolerance. The meta-analysis showed no association between chromium and glucose or insulin concentrations among nondiabetic subjects. A study of 155 diabetic subjects in China showed that chromium reduced glucose and insulin concentrations; the combined data from the 38 diabetic subjects in the other studies did not. Three trials reported data on Hb A(1c): one study each of persons with type 2 diabetes, persons with impaired glucose tolerance, and healthy subjects. The study of diabetic subjects in China was the only one to report that chromium significantly reduced Hb A(1c).
    Conclusions: Data from RCTs show no effect of chromium on glucose or insulin concentrations in nondiabetic subjects. The data for persons with diabetes are inconclusive. RCTs in well-characterized, at-risk populations are necessary to determine the effects of chromium on glucose, insulin, and Hb A(1c).
    MeSH term(s) Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Chromium/administration & dosage ; Chromium/therapeutic use ; Cross-Over Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Dietary Supplements ; Fasting ; Glucose Intolerance/blood ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Glycated Hemoglobin A/analysis ; Humans ; Insulin/blood ; MEDLINE ; Placebos ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
    Chemical Substances Blood Glucose ; Glycated Hemoglobin A ; Insulin ; Placebos ; Chromium (0R0008Q3JB)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2001-12-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 280048-2
    ISSN 1938-3207 ; 0002-9165
    ISSN (online) 1938-3207
    ISSN 0002-9165
    DOI 10.1093/ajcn/76.1.148
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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