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Article ; Online: Spatiotemporal evolution of global long-term patterns of soil moisture.

Lal, Preet / Shekhar, Ankit / Gharun, Mana / Das, Narendra N

2023 Volume 867, Page(s) 161470

Abstract: Surface soil moisture (SM) is essential for existence of biotic lifeform and geophysical processes. However, with increasing global warming due to climatic changes, its spatiotemporal evolution is uncertain and largely unknown. In this study we detected ... ...

Abstract	Surface soil moisture (SM) is essential for existence of biotic lifeform and geophysical processes. However, with increasing global warming due to climatic changes, its spatiotemporal evolution is uncertain and largely unknown. In this study we detected long-term (40 years; 1981-2020) SM patterns of global vegetated areas through spatial timeseries clustering using the state-of-the-art ERA5-Land dataset. In addition, we also analyzed long-term patterns of precipitation (P), evapotranspiration (bare soil evaporation (BSe) and vegetation transpiration (VT)), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Our results indicate that surface SM (0-7 cm depth) of about 48 % and 9 % of the global vegetated area is showing drying and wetting pattern over the past 40 years, respectively. The detected soil drying, and wetting patterns were largely consistent across different soil depth, with 90 % and 80 % pattern similarity of surface soil layer with 2
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-10
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161470
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Article ; Online: Analysing climatic variability and extremes events in the Himalayan regions focusing on mountainous urban agglomerations

Diksha / Kumar, Amit / Lal, Preet

Geocarto International. 2022 Dec. 13, v. 37, no. 26 p.14148-14170

2022

Abstract: The present study highlights the long-term variations in temperature and precipitation using time series datasets of CRU and ERA5-Land across the Himalayan region. The Mann-Kendall and Sen’s slope-based trend analysis exhibited an apparent warming trend ... ...

Abstract	The present study highlights the long-term variations in temperature and precipitation using time series datasets of CRU and ERA5-Land across the Himalayan region. The Mann-Kendall and Sen’s slope-based trend analysis exhibited an apparent warming trend in the region, with higher increase in Tmin (1.5 °C) and comparatively lower increase in Tmax (0.8 °C) during 1901–2018. The joint CCl/WCRP/JCOMM based 19 extreme indices elucidated an increasing frequency of warm days (16%) in Central Himalayan urban agglomerations (HUAs) with a declining number of cold days (−6%) and cold nights (−4%) during 2000–2019. The moderate decline in the wet days (8%) and consecutive wet days (−5 days/20 years) observed in all HUAs compared to an increasing frequency of the consecutive dry days (3 days/20 years). Study reported higher warming in Kathmandu UA, while increased precipitation in Srinagar UA, and contributes to framing climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies in the mountainous system.
Keywords	climate change ; cold ; data collection ; mountains ; temperature ; time series analysis ; Himalayan region ; Extremes events ; ERA-5 & CRU ; Mann–Kendall & Sen’s slope test ; trend analysis ; mountainous urban system
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-1213
Size	p. 14148-14170.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article ; Online
ISSN	1752-0762
DOI	10.1080/10106049.2022.2086635
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Analysing frequent extreme flood incidences in Brahmaputra basin, South Asia.

Kumar, Amit / Mondal, Subhasree / Lal, Preet

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 8, Page(s) e0273384

Abstract: The present study is focused on the flood inundation in Brahmaputra Basin, which is one of the most recurrent and destructive natural disasters of the region. The flood inundation was assessed using C-Band Sentinel 1A synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ... ...

Abstract	The present study is focused on the flood inundation in Brahmaputra Basin, which is one of the most recurrent and destructive natural disasters of the region. The flood inundation was assessed using C-Band Sentinel 1A synthetic aperture radar (SAR) during 2015-2020 with precipitation patterns, runoff discharge, and their impacts on land cover in the basin. The study exhibited a very high precipitation during monsoon in the upper catchment resulting in severe flood inundation in downslopes of Brahmaputra Basin. A very high (900-2000 mm) to extremely high (>2000 mm) monthly cumulative precipitation in the south and south-eastern parts of basin led to high discharge (16,000 to 18,000 m3s-1) during July-August months. The river discharge increases with cumulative effects of precipitation and melting of snow cover during late summer and monsoon season, and induced flood inundation in lower parts of basin. This flood has largely affected agricultural land (>77% of total basin), forests (~3%), and settlement (426 to 1758 km2) affecting large wildlife and livelihood during 2015-2020. The study highlights the regions affected with recurrent flood and necessitates adopting an integrated, multi-hazard, multi-stakeholder approach with an emphasis on self-reliance of the community for sustenance with local resources and practices.
MeSH term(s)	Asia ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Floods ; Incidence ; Rivers
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0273384
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Article ; Online: Analysing frequent extreme flood incidences in Brahmaputra basin, South Asia.

Amit Kumar / Subhasree Mondal / Preet Lal

PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss 8, p e

2022 Volume 0273384

Abstract	The present study is focused on the flood inundation in Brahmaputra Basin, which is one of the most recurrent and destructive natural disasters of the region. The flood inundation was assessed using C-Band Sentinel 1A synthetic aperture radar (SAR) during 2015-2020 with precipitation patterns, runoff discharge, and their impacts on land cover in the basin. The study exhibited a very high precipitation during monsoon in the upper catchment resulting in severe flood inundation in downslopes of Brahmaputra Basin. A very high (900-2000 mm) to extremely high (>2000 mm) monthly cumulative precipitation in the south and south-eastern parts of basin led to high discharge (16,000 to 18,000 m3s-1) during July-August months. The river discharge increases with cumulative effects of precipitation and melting of snow cover during late summer and monsoon season, and induced flood inundation in lower parts of basin. This flood has largely affected agricultural land (>77% of total basin), forests (~3%), and settlement (426 to 1758 km2) affecting large wildlife and livelihood during 2015-2020. The study highlights the regions affected with recurrent flood and necessitates adopting an integrated, multi-hazard, multi-stakeholder approach with an emphasis on self-reliance of the community for sustenance with local resources and practices.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	550 ; 910
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Influence of Super Cyclone "Amphan" in the Indian Subcontinent amid COVID-19 Pandemic.

Kumar, Shubham / Lal, Preet / Kumar, Amit

Remote sensing in earth systems sciences

2021 Volume 4, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 96–103

Abstract: Tropical cyclone "Amphan" developed as a super cyclone on 19 May 2020 and caused severe impact on the landmass with very high torrential precipitation (>250 mm ... ...

Abstract	Tropical cyclone "Amphan" developed as a super cyclone on 19 May 2020 and caused severe impact on the landmass with very high torrential precipitation (>250 mm day
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2942812-9
ISSN	2520-8209 ; 2520-8195
ISSN (online)	2520-8209
ISSN	2520-8195
DOI	10.1007/s41976-021-00048-z
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Article: Google Earth Engine for concurrent flood monitoring in the lower basin of Indo-Gangetic-Brahmaputra plains.

Lal, Preet / Prakash, Aniket / Kumar, Amit

Natural hazards (Dordrecht, Netherlands)

2020 Volume 104, Issue 2, Page(s) 1947–1952

Abstract: The present study focused on the recent flood inundation (July 2020) that occurred in the lower Indo-Gangetic-Brahmaputra plains (IGBP) using concurrent C-band Sentinel-1A Synthetic Aperture Radar images in Google Earth Engine. The study exhibited that a ...

Abstract	The present study focused on the recent flood inundation (July 2020) that occurred in the lower Indo-Gangetic-Brahmaputra plains (IGBP) using concurrent C-band Sentinel-1A Synthetic Aperture Radar images in Google Earth Engine. The study exhibited that a substantial proportion of IGBP (40,929 km
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-24
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2017806-2
ISSN	1573-0840 ; 0921-030X
ISSN (online)	1573-0840
ISSN	0921-030X
DOI	10.1007/s11069-020-04233-z
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Article ; Online: Quantifying Temperature and Precipitation Change Caused by Land Cover Change

Preet Lal / Ankit Shekhar / Amit Kumar

Frontiers in Environmental Science, Vol

A Case Study of India Using the WRF Model

2021 Volume 9

Abstract: The large-scale Land-Uses and Land-Cover Changes (LULCC) in India in the past several decades is primarily driven by anthropogenic factors that influence the climate from regional to global scales. Therefore, to understand the LULCC over the Indian ... ...

Abstract	The large-scale Land-Uses and Land-Cover Changes (LULCC) in India in the past several decades is primarily driven by anthropogenic factors that influence the climate from regional to global scales. Therefore, to understand the LULCC over the Indian region from 2002 to 2015 and its implications on temperature and precipitation, we performed Weather Research Forecast (WRF) model simulation using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) reanalysis data for the period 2009 to 2015 as a boundary condition with 2009 as spin-up time. The results showed moderate forest cover loss in major parts of northeast India, and the Himalayan region during 2002–2015. Such large LULC changes, primarily significant alteration of grassland and agriculture from the forest, led to increased precipitation due to increasing evapotranspiration (ET) similar to the forest-dominated regions. An increase in the precipitation patterns (>300 mm) was observed in the parts of eastern and western Himalayas, western Ghats, and the northwestern part of central India, while most parts of northeast Himalayas have an exceptional increase in precipitation (∼100–150 mm), which shows similar agreement with an increase of leaf area index (LAI) by ∼15%. The overall phenomenon leads to a greening-induced ET enhancement that increases atmospheric water vapor content and promotes downwind precipitation. In the case of temperature, warming was observed in the central to eastern parts of India, while cooling was observed in the central and western parts. The increase in vegetated areas over northwest India led to an increase in ET, which ultimately resulted in decreased temperature and increased precipitation. The study highlights the changes in temperature and precipitation in recent decades because of large LULCC and necessitates the formulation of sustainable land use-based strategies to control meteorological variability and augment ecological sustainability.
Keywords	LULCC ; precipitation ; temperature ; weather and research forecasting model ; leaf area index (LAI) ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The effects of electrical stimulation on glial cell behaviour.

Tsui, Christopher T / Lal, Preet / Fox, Katelyn V R / Churchward, Matthew A / Todd, Kathryn G

BMC biomedical engineering

2022 Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) 7

Abstract: Neural interface devices interact with the central nervous system (CNS) to substitute for some sort of functional deficit and improve quality of life for persons with disabilities. Design of safe, biocompatible neural interface devices is a fast-emerging ...

Abstract	Neural interface devices interact with the central nervous system (CNS) to substitute for some sort of functional deficit and improve quality of life for persons with disabilities. Design of safe, biocompatible neural interface devices is a fast-emerging field of neuroscience research. Development of invasive implant materials designed to directly interface with brain or spinal cord tissue has focussed on mitigation of glial scar reactivity toward the implant itself, but little exists in the literature that directly documents the effects of electrical stimulation on glial cells. In this review, a survey of studies documenting such effects has been compiled and categorized based on the various types of stimulation paradigms used and their observed effects on glia. A hybrid neuroscience cell biology-engineering perspective is offered to highlight considerations that must be made in both disciplines in the development of a safe implant. To advance knowledge on how electrical stimulation affects glia, we also suggest experiments elucidating electrochemical reactions that may occur as a result of electrical stimulation and how such reactions may affect glia. Designing a biocompatible stimulation paradigm should be a forefront consideration in the development of a device with improved safety and longevity.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2524-4426
ISSN (online)	2524-4426
DOI	10.1186/s42490-022-00064-0
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Article ; Online: Measuring the control of landscape modifications on surface temperature in India

Lal, Preet / Dubey, Aditya Kumar / Kumar, Amit / Kumar, Pankaj / Dwivedi, C. S.

Geocarto International. 2022 Dec. 13, v. 37, no. 27 p.15736-15753

2022

Abstract: This study highlights the land use/land cover change, and its implications on the long-term changes in various hydrometeorological parameters in India during 2001–2018. The study exhibited a decrease in grassland (15.1%), barren land (10.2%), and ... ...

Abstract	This study highlights the land use/land cover change, and its implications on the long-term changes in various hydrometeorological parameters in India during 2001–2018. The study exhibited a decrease in grassland (15.1%), barren land (10.2%), and shrubland (9.5%) in contrast to an increase in deciduous broadleaf forest cover (27.4%) and croplands (25.2%) in India. The study exhibited 31.7% of the geographical area observed a low warming (<0.8 °C), in contrast to 52.1% of the area observed a low cooling (> −0.8 °C) in India over the observation period. The transformation of (a) barren land to shrubland and cropland (Western India) and (b) cropland, and grassland to forest cover (Central India) led to the cooling effects. While Indo-Gangetic Plain and North-Eastern parts observed warming effects due to greenness and wetness change. The findings highlight the relevance of bio-geophysical and land-climate feedback, which may help in developing integrated and effective climate mitigation and adaptation strategies.
Keywords	climate ; cooling ; cropland ; deciduous forests ; grasslands ; hydrometeorology ; land cover ; land use ; landscapes ; shrublands ; surface temperature ; India ; Indo-Gangetic Plain ; Land surface temperature ; evapotranspiration ; soil moisture ; warming ; landscape modifications
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-1213
Size	p. 15736-15753.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article ; Online
ISSN	1752-0762
DOI	10.1080/10106049.2022.2102224
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: COVID-19 pandemic hazard–risk–vulnerability analysis: a framework for an effective Pan-India response

Lal, Preet / Kumar, Amit / Prasad, Alisha / Kumar, Shubham / Saikia, Purabi / Dayanandan, Arun / Roy, Parth Sarathi / Khan, Mohammed Latif

Geocarto International. 2022 Dec. 13, v. 37, no. 25 p.9098-9109

2022

Abstract: This study evaluated the COVID-19 risk considering positive cases (as a hazard) and the demographic structure (as a socio-economic vulnerability) at districts scale across India using fuzzy analytical hierarchical process and geospatial modelling. ... ...

Abstract	This study evaluated the COVID-19 risk considering positive cases (as a hazard) and the demographic structure (as a socio-economic vulnerability) at districts scale across India using fuzzy analytical hierarchical process and geospatial modelling. Despite the fact that the high and very high COVID-19 hazard was observed in a limited area (14.2%, 233 districts), the proportion of high to very high COVID-19 risk was evident in larger regions (42.5%, 575 districts). A moderate to very high socio-economic vulnerability was recorded in major parts of the country (60.0%, 557 districts), while the districts with megacities had been severely affected due to the more complex urban and social systems. The study highlights the zones under high COVID-19 hazard and its possible linkages with vulnerability and risk at district scales in India that may effectively support emergency preparedness and response mechanisms during the different waves of the pandemic.
Keywords	COVID-19 infection ; disaster preparedness ; pandemic ; risk ; socioeconomics ; India ; COVID-19 hazard ; social-economic vulnerability ; COVID-19 risk ; fuzzy AHP ; GIS modelling
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-1213
Size	p. 9098-9109.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article ; Online
ISSN	1752-0762
DOI	10.1080/10106049.2021.2012529
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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