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Article ; Online: A blueprint for well-designed, high-performing cloth masks that can outperform a 3-layered surgical mask

Shovon Bhattacharjee / Prateek Bahl / Charitha de Silva / Con Doolan / Abrar Ahmad Chughtai / David Heslop / Raina MacIntyre

Safety and Health at Work, Vol 13, Iss , Pp S164- (2022)

2022

Keywords	Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Last-resort strategies during mask shortages: optimal design features of cloth masks and decontamination of disposable masks during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Bhattacharjee, Shovon / Bahl, Prateek / Chughtai, Abrar Ahmad / MacIntyre, C Raina

BMJ open respiratory research

2020 Volume 7, Issue 1

Abstract: Face masks and respirators are the most widely used intervention measures for respiratory protection. In the wake of COVID-19, in response to shortages and lack of availability of surgical masks and respirators, the use of cloth masks has become a ... ...

Abstract	Face masks and respirators are the most widely used intervention measures for respiratory protection. In the wake of COVID-19, in response to shortages and lack of availability of surgical masks and respirators, the use of cloth masks has become a research focus. Various fabrics have been promoted with little evidence-based foundation and without guidelines on design principles for optimal performance. In these circumstances, it is essential to understand the properties, key performance factors, filter mechanisms and evidence on cloth masks materials. The general community might also need to decontaminate and reuse disposable, single-use devices as a last resort. We present an overview of the filter materials, filter mechanisms and effectiveness, key performance factors, and hydrophobicity of the common disposable masks, as well as cloth masks. We also reviewed decontamination methods for disposable respiratory devices. As an alternative to surgical masks and respirators, we recommend a cloth mask made of at least three layers (300-350 threads per inch) and adding a nylon stocking layer over the mask for a better fit. Water-resistant fabrics (polyesters/nylon), blends of fabrics and water-absorbing fabrics (cotton) should be in the outside layer, middle layer/layers and inside layer, respectively. The information outlined here will help people to navigate their choices if facing shortages of appropriate respiratory protection during the COVID-19 pandemic.
MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification ; COVID-19 ; Communicable Disease Control/instrumentation ; Communicable Disease Control/methods ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Decontamination/methods ; Decontamination/standards ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Masks/standards ; Masks/supply & distribution ; Medical Waste Disposal/methods ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2
Chemical Substances	Medical Waste Disposal
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2736454-9
ISSN	2052-4439 ; 2052-4439
ISSN (online)	2052-4439
ISSN	2052-4439
DOI	10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000698
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Quantification, characterization and risk assessment of microplastics from five major estuaries along the northern Bay of Bengal coast.

Banik, Partho / Anisuzzaman, Md / Bhattacharjee, Shovon / Marshall, David J / Yu, Jimmy / Nur, As-Ad Ujjaman / Jolly, Yeasmin N / Mamun, Md Al- / Paray, Bilal Ahamad / Bappy, Md Maheen Mahmud / Bhuiyan, Tabarok / Hossain, M Belal

Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)

2023 Volume 342, Page(s) 123036

Abstract: Microplastics (MPs) as hazardous contaminants has drawn the rapid attention of the general public due to their omnipresence and adverse impacts on ecosystems and human health. Despite this, understanding of MPs contamination levels in the estuarine ... ...

Abstract	Microplastics (MPs) as hazardous contaminants has drawn the rapid attention of the general public due to their omnipresence and adverse impacts on ecosystems and human health. Despite this, understanding of MPs contamination levels in the estuarine ecosystems along the Bay of Bengal coast remains very limited. This research focused on the presence, spatial distribution, morpho-chemical characteristics and ecological implications of MPs in water and sediment from five key estuaries (Meghna, Karnaphuli, Matamuhuri, Bakkhali, and Naf rivers) within the Bengal delta. Out of the five estuaries, the Meghna exhibited the least amount of MPs in both surface water (150.00 ± 65.62 items/m
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Microplastics ; Plastics ; Ecosystem ; Estuaries ; Bays/chemistry ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Environmental Monitoring ; Polymers ; Water ; Risk Assessment
Chemical Substances	Microplastics ; Plastics ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; Polymers ; Water (059QF0KO0R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	280652-6
ISSN	1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
ISSN (online)	1873-6424
ISSN	0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
DOI	10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123036
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The burden of non-disabled frailty and its associated factors among older adults in Bangladesh

Sabuj Kanti Mistry / A. R. M. Mehrab Ali / Uday Narayan Yadav / Saruna Ghimire / Afsana Anwar / Md. Nazmul Huda / Fouzia Khanam / Rashidul Alam Mahumud / Ateeb Ahmad Parray / Shovon Bhattacharjee / David Lim / Mark Fort Harris

PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss

2023 Volume 11

Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Graphene Modified Multifunctional Personal Protective Clothing.

Bhattacharjee, Shovon / Joshi, Rakesh / Chughtai, Abrar Ahmad / Macintyre, Chandini Raina

Advanced materials interfaces

2019 Volume 6, Issue 21, Page(s) 1900622

Abstract: Personal protective clothing is intended to protect the wearer from various hazards (mechanical, biological, chemical, thermal, radiological, etc.) and inhospitable environmental conditions that may cause harm or even death. There are various types of ... ...

Abstract	Personal protective clothing is intended to protect the wearer from various hazards (mechanical, biological, chemical, thermal, radiological, etc.) and inhospitable environmental conditions that may cause harm or even death. There are various types of personal protective clothing, manufactured with different materials based on hazards and end user requirements. Conventional protective clothing has impediments such as high weight, bulky nature, lack of mobility, heat stress, low heat dissipation, high physical stress, diminishing dexterity, diminishing scope of vision, lack of breathability, and reduced protection against pathogens and hazards. By virtue of the superlative properties of graphene, fabrics modified with this material can be an effective means to overcome these limitations and to improve properties such as mechanical strength, antibacterial activity, flame resistance, conductivity, and UV resistance. The limitations of conventional personal protective equipment are discussed, followed by necessary measures which might be taken to improve personal protective equipment (PPE), the unique properties of graphene, methods of graphene incorporation in fabrics, and the current research status and potential of graphene-modified performance textiles relevant to PPE.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-20
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2196-7350
ISSN	2196-7350
DOI	10.1002/admi.201900622
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The burden of non-disabled frailty and its associated factors among older adults in Bangladesh.

Mistry, Sabuj Kanti / Ali, A R M Mehrab / Yadav, Uday Narayan / Ghimire, Saruna / Anwar, Afsana / Huda, Md Nazmul / Khanam, Fouzia / Mahumud, Rashidul Alam / Parray, Ateeb Ahmad / Bhattacharjee, Shovon / Lim, David / Harris, Mark Fort

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 11, Page(s) e0294889

Abstract: Objective: The present study aims to measure the prevalence of non-disabled frailty and its associated factors among Bangladeshi older adults.: Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during September and October 2021 among 1,045 ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The present study aims to measure the prevalence of non-disabled frailty and its associated factors among Bangladeshi older adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during September and October 2021 among 1,045 Bangladeshi older adults (≥60 years). Telephone interviews, using a semi-structured questionnaire, were undertaken to collect data on participants' characteristics and level of frailty. The non-disabled frailty was measured using the 'Frail Non-Disabled (FiND)' questionnaire. A multinomial logistic regression model assessed the factors associated with frailty among the participants. Results: Around a quarter of the participants (24.8%) were frail. The multinomial regression analysis showed that older participants aged ≥80 years (RRR = 3.23, 95% CI: 1.41-7.37) were more likely to be frail compared to participants aged 60-69 years. Likewise, the participants living in a large family with ≥4 members (RRR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.01-1.92) were more likely to be frail compared to those living in smaller families. Also, participants having memory or concentration problems (RRR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.12-2.17) were more likely to be frail compared to those who were not suffering from these problems. Moreover, participants whose family members were non-responsive to their day-to-day assistance (RRR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.06-2.03) were more likely to be frail compared to those whose family members were responsive. Furthermore, participants who were feeling lonely (RRR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.07-1.98) were more likely to be frail than their counterparts who were not feeling lonely. Conclusions: The findings of the present study suggest developing tailored interventions to address the burden of frailty among the older populations in Bangladesh. In particular, providing long-term care and health promotion activities can be of value in preventing frailty and reducing adverse health outcomes among this vulnerable population group.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Humans ; Frailty/epidemiology ; Frail Elderly ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Bangladesh/epidemiology ; Geriatric Assessment ; Independent Living
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0294889
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Face coverings and mask to minimise droplet dispersion and aerosolisation: a video case study.

Bahl, Prateek / Bhattacharjee, Shovon / de Silva, Charitha / Chughtai, Abrar Ahmad / Doolan, Con / MacIntyre, C Raina

Thorax

2020 Volume 75, Issue 11, Page(s) 1024–1025

MeSH term(s)	Aerosols ; Cough ; Humans ; Infection Control/instrumentation ; Masks ; Protective Devices ; Sneezing ; Textiles
Chemical Substances	Aerosols
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Video-Audio Media
ZDB-ID	204353-1
ISSN	1468-3296 ; 0040-6376
ISSN (online)	1468-3296
ISSN	0040-6376
DOI	10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215748
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Article: Flow dynamics of droplets expelled during sneezing.

Bahl, Prateek / de Silva, Charitha / MacIntyre, C Raina / Bhattacharjee, Shovon / Chughtai, Abrar Ahmad / Doolan, Con

Physics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994)

2021 Volume 33, Issue 11, Page(s) 111901

Abstract: Respiratory infections transmit through droplets and aerosols generated by the infected individual during respiratory emissions. It is essential to study the flow dynamics of these emissions to develop strategies for mitigating the risk of infection. In ... ...

Abstract	Respiratory infections transmit through droplets and aerosols generated by the infected individual during respiratory emissions. It is essential to study the flow dynamics of these emissions to develop strategies for mitigating the risk of infection. In particular, the dynamics of droplets expelled during violent exhalations such as sneezing is crucial, but has received little attention to date. Here, for the first time, we present the results of droplet dynamics of 35 sneezes, obtained from four volunteers, using particle tracking velocimetry experiments. Our results reveal a mean droplet velocity of 2-5.4 m/s across the different subjects. These values are significantly lower than what is usually assumed in the studies simulating or replicating sneezes. Furthermore, the large variation in droplet speeds, flow direction, spread angle, and head movement is also quantified. These findings will enable the refinement of models and simulations of sneezes toward improving infection control guidelines.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1472743-2
ISSN	1089-7666 ; 1070-6631
ISSN (online)	1089-7666
ISSN	1070-6631
DOI	10.1063/5.0067609
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Last-resort strategies during mask shortages

Abrar Ahmad Chughtai / Prateek Bahl / Shovon Bhattacharjee / C Raina MacIntyre

BMJ Open Respiratory Research, Vol 7, Iss

optimal design features of cloth masks and decontamination of disposable masks during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 Volume 1

Abstract	Face masks and respirators are the most widely used intervention measures for respiratory protection. In the wake of COVID-19, in response to shortages and lack of availability of surgical masks and respirators, the use of cloth masks has become a research focus. Various fabrics have been promoted with little evidence-based foundation and without guidelines on design principles for optimal performance. In these circumstances, it is essential to understand the properties, key performance factors, filter mechanisms and evidence on cloth masks materials. The general community might also need to decontaminate and reuse disposable, single-use devices as a last resort. We present an overview of the filter materials, filter mechanisms and effectiveness, key performance factors, and hydrophobicity of the common disposable masks, as well as cloth masks. We also reviewed decontamination methods for disposable respiratory devices. As an alternative to surgical masks and respirators, we recommend a cloth mask made of at least three layers (300–350 threads per inch) and adding a nylon stocking layer over the mask for a better fit. Water-resistant fabrics (polyesters/nylon), blends of fabrics and water-absorbing fabrics (cotton) should be in the outside layer, middle layer/layers and inside layer, respectively. The information outlined here will help people to navigate their choices if facing shortages of appropriate respiratory protection during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Diseases of the respiratory system ; RC705-779 ; covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMJ Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Risk mitigation of inadvertent exposure to biothreats to front line law enforcement

C Raina MacIntyre / Abrar A Chughtai / Shovon Bhattacharjee / Mohana Priya Kunasekaran / Thomas Engalls

Global Biosecurity, Vol 1, Iss

2020 Volume 3

Abstract: Awareness and concern over the occupational health and safety of first responders to biological threat and other hazardous exposures has grown. Law enforcement personnel play an important role in the response to such events and may even be the first on ... ...

Abstract	Awareness and concern over the occupational health and safety of first responders to biological threat and other hazardous exposures has grown. Law enforcement personnel play an important role in the response to such events and may even be the first on the scene to hazardous exposures. Front line police entering a property and expecting to find drugs and weapons may also unexpectedly find biological or chemical agents. In the case of a pandemic like COVID-19, they may be exposed to virus in their ordinary duties. We argue that the risk of exposure is increasing, and will continue to increase, driven by advances in science and biology which makes chemical and biological agents more accessible to a wide range of actors. In addition, serious epidemics of newly emerged infections are increasing in frequency. Although the level of risk to police will vary depending on the exposure, the uniformed officers at the front line may be at highest risk because of a higher likelihood of being unprotected when they encounter biothreats. Planning focuses on response to known events by well-trained and well-equipped HAZMAT (hazardous materials) teams. Better preparedness is required for unexpected exposure of front-line police. This includes expanded training and design of regular uniforms to reduce exposure, provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) kits which include disinfectant wipes, chemical wipes and biosensors. As the use of chemical and biological weapons by nefarious actors increases, these changes may become a necessity to protect the occupational health and safety of police.
Keywords	police ; law enforcement ; personal protective equipment (ppe) ; chemical ; biological ; risk ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270 ; covid19
Subject code	600
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	University of New South Wales
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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