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Article: Prevalence and Factors Associated With the Risk of Delayed Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder in Japanese Youth.

Tomishima, Sayaka / Komada, Yoko / Tanioka, Kosuke / Okajima, Isa / Inoue, Yuichi

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 878042

Abstract: Background: Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (DSWPD) is more prevalent among the younger generation. However, the prevalence of this disorder in Asia, particularly Japan, has not yet been elucidated. Furthermore, the impact of DSWPD morbidity on ... ...

Abstract	Background: Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (DSWPD) is more prevalent among the younger generation. However, the prevalence of this disorder in Asia, particularly Japan, has not yet been elucidated. Furthermore, the impact of DSWPD morbidity on daytime functioning and factors associated with the presence of the disorder remain unclear. Methods: A web-based survey was conducted among youth aged 15-30 years. In total, 7,810 individuals completed the questionnaire. The questionnaire included items on sociodemographic variables as well as the Japanese version of the Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry self-report (J-BRIAN-SR), which assesses the risk of DSWPD, sleep behaviors and possibly related lifestyle variables, productivity loss [WHO Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ)], and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The risk of DSWPD was indicated by a J-BRIAN-SR score greater than or equal to 40 points and days of absence ≥4 days per month. After comparing these variables for participants at risk of DSWPD and those who were not, the factors associated with the risk of DSWPD were examined using logistic regression analysis, with sociodemographic and lifestyle variables as independent variables. Results: The overall prevalence of participants at risk DSWPDs was 4.3%. Compared with participants without DSWPD, those at risk of DSWPD presented significantly worse HPQ and HRQOL scores. The risk of DSWPD was positively associated with the presence of currently treated diseases, length of nighttime liquid crystal display (LCD) viewing, and being a high school/university students. It was negatively associated with habitual exercise. Conclusion: The risk of DSWPD seemed to be consistent with reports from Western countries, and individuals possibly affected by the disorder were thought to have deteriorated daytime functioning. In addition, lifestyle specific to youth, such as long-term LCD viewing at night and relatively loose social constraints, could be associated with the presence of DSWPD in this generation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2564218-2
ISSN	1664-0640
ISSN	1664-0640
DOI	10.3389/fpsyt.2022.878042
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Article ; Online: Changes in sleep behavior, sleep problems, and psychological distress/health-related quality of life of young Japanese individuals before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Tanioka, Kosuke / Kayaba, Momoko / Tomishima, Sayaka / Komada, Yoko / Inoue, Yuichi

Chronobiology international

2022 Volume 39, Issue 6, Page(s) 781–791

Abstract: Social restrictions during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic have impacted sleep behavior and sleep problems, and their related daytime functioning in young adults. However, no studies have examined such changes in young individuals from ... ...

Abstract	Social restrictions during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic have impacted sleep behavior and sleep problems, and their related daytime functioning in young adults. However, no studies have examined such changes in young individuals from countries with mild infection intensity and social restrictions. Therefore, we focused on sleep behaviors and sleep issues in young people in Japan. This study was conducted before and after the pandemic (October 2019 and May 2020, respectively). In total, 2,222 (1,371 students and 851 workers) individuals participated and completed anonymous Web-based questionnaires concerning demographic characteristics, sleep behaviors, sleep problems using the Japanese version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (JESS) and the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS-J), psychological distress using the Japanese version of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) evaluated with the Short Form-8 (SF-8). A significantly delayed sleep phase was observed in the second survey compared to the first (p < .001) and was more pronounced in students than in workers (p < .001). The total sleep time, social jetlag degree, and JESS, AIS-J, and SF-8 scores were significantly improved after the pandemic (p < .001, p < .001, p < .001, p < .001, p < .05, and p < .001, respectively). Careful monitoring of whether these modest changes can lead to adjustment concerns is needed.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; COVID-19 ; Circadian Rhythm ; Humans ; Japan/epidemiology ; Jet Lag Syndrome ; Pandemics ; Psychological Distress ; Quality of Life ; Sleep ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	998996-1
ISSN	1525-6073 ; 0742-0528
ISSN (online)	1525-6073
ISSN	0742-0528
DOI	10.1080/07420528.2022.2034839
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Article ; Online: USP8 prevents aberrant NF-κB and Nrf2 activation by counteracting ubiquitin signals from endosomes.

Endo, Akinori / Fukushima, Toshiaki / Takahashi, Chikage / Tsuchiya, Hikaru / Ohtake, Fumiaki / Ono, Sayaka / Ly, Tony / Yoshida, Yukiko / Tanaka, Keiji / Saeki, Yasushi / Komada, Masayuki

The Journal of cell biology

2024 Volume 223, Issue 3

Abstract: K63-linked ubiquitin chains attached to plasma membrane proteins serve as tags for endocytosis and endosome-to-lysosome sorting. USP8 is an essential deubiquitinase for the maintenance of endosomal functions. Prolonged depletion of USP8 leads to cell ... ...

Abstract	K63-linked ubiquitin chains attached to plasma membrane proteins serve as tags for endocytosis and endosome-to-lysosome sorting. USP8 is an essential deubiquitinase for the maintenance of endosomal functions. Prolonged depletion of USP8 leads to cell death, but the major effects on cellular signaling pathways are poorly understood. Here, we show that USP8 depletion causes aberrant accumulation of K63-linked ubiquitin chains on endosomes and induces immune and stress responses. Upon USP8 depletion, two different decoders for K63-linked ubiquitin chains, TAB2/3 and p62, were recruited to endosomes and activated the TAK1-NF-κB and Keap1-Nrf2 pathways, respectively. Oxidative stress, an environmental stimulus that potentially suppresses USP8 activity, induced accumulation of K63-linked ubiquitin chains on endosomes, recruitment of TAB2, and expression of the inflammatory cytokine. The results demonstrate that USP8 is a gatekeeper of misdirected ubiquitin signals and inhibits immune and stress response pathways by removing K63-linked ubiquitin chains from endosomes.
MeSH term(s)	Endosomes/genetics ; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1/genetics ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics ; NF-kappa B/genetics ; Ubiquitin/genetics ; Humans ; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase/genetics ; Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport/genetics
Chemical Substances	Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1 ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ; NF-kappa B ; Ubiquitin ; USP8 protein, human (EC 3.4.19.12) ; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase (EC 3.4.19.12) ; Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	218154-x
ISSN	1540-8140 ; 0021-9525
ISSN (online)	1540-8140
ISSN	0021-9525
DOI	10.1083/jcb.202306013
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Article ; Online: Later sleep schedule and depressive symptoms are associated with usage of multiple kinds of hypnotics.

Shimura, Akiyoshi / Takaesu, Yoshikazu / Aritake, Sayaka / Futenma, Kunihiro / Komada, Yoko / Inoue, Yuichi

Sleep medicine

2016 Volume 25, Page(s) 56–62

Abstract: Objective: Usage of high doses of hypnotics possibly causes various adverse events. However, the risk factors of using multiple kinds of hypnotics have been inconclusive. To clarify this, we conducted a web-based cross-sectional questionnaire survey on ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Usage of high doses of hypnotics possibly causes various adverse events. However, the risk factors of using multiple kinds of hypnotics have been inconclusive. To clarify this, we conducted a web-based cross-sectional questionnaire survey on the Japanese adult population. Methods: A cross-sectional Internet-linked survey was conducted on 10,016 individuals and 1030 participants (10.3%) having subjective insomnia proceeded to subsequent analyses. The analyzed subjects were categorized into non-users of hypnotics (n = 833; 80.9%), users of a single kind of hypnotic (n = 96; 9.3%), and users of multiple kinds of hypnotics (n = 101; 9.8%). The descriptive variables including demographic data, scores of Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Short Form-8 Health-Related Quality of Life [QOL (SF-8)], Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and other parameters were compared among the groups. Results: The users of multiple kinds of hypnotics had the highest mean score of CES-D, the lowest mental component summary of QOL (SF-8), and the latest sleep schedule among the three groups (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analyses revealed that sex (female: OR = 2.38; p < 0.001) and age (≥43 years old: OR = 2.61; p < 0.001) were independently associated with use of a single kind of hypnotic, while later sleep schedule (midpoint of sleep ≥5:30 a.m.: OR = 2.26; p < 0.001) and higher CES-D score (≥16 points: OR = 2.41; p < 0.001) were independently associated with use of multiple kinds of hypnotics. Conclusions: Characteristics of users of multiple kinds of hypnotics were different from those of users of a single kind of hypnotic.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-09
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2012041-2
ISSN	1878-5506 ; 1389-9457
ISSN (online)	1878-5506
ISSN	1389-9457
DOI	10.1016/j.sleep.2016.04.011
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Article ; Online: Effect of delayed sleep phase during university life on the daytime functioning in work life after graduation.

Asaoka, Shoichi / Komada, Yoko / Aritake, Sayaka / Morita, Yuko / Fukuda, Kazuhiko / Inoue, Yuichi

Sleep medicine

2014 Volume 15, Issue 9, Page(s) 1155–1158

Abstract: Objective: To examine the effects of changes in sleep phase on the daytime functioning of new university graduates.: Methods: Questionnaire data of university students (n = 745) and university graduates working full time (n = 360) were analyzed to ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To examine the effects of changes in sleep phase on the daytime functioning of new university graduates. Methods: Questionnaire data of university students (n = 745) and university graduates working full time (n = 360) were analyzed to explore sleep phase changes during this life stage. The newly graduated full-time workers (n = 117) were divided into 2 (bedtime at investigation: earlier/later) × 2 groups (bedtime at one year prior to investigation: earlier/later), and depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life were compared among groups. Results: New university graduates experienced ~1 h of sleep phase advancement and shortened time in bed compared to one year before investigation. In addition, those who experienced such sleep changes showed larger daytime dysfunction. Conclusion: Prevention of extreme sleep phase delay during university days might be helpful for students' adaptation to work environment after graduation.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depressive Disorder/diagnosis ; Depressive Disorder/psychology ; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence/diagnosis ; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence/psychology ; Employee Performance Appraisal ; Female ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Japan ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Quality of Life/psychology ; Risk Factors ; Sleep Deprivation/diagnosis ; Sleep Deprivation/psychology ; Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm/diagnosis ; Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm/psychology ; Students ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-09
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2012041-2
ISSN	1878-5506 ; 1389-9457
ISSN (online)	1878-5506
ISSN	1389-9457
DOI	10.1016/j.sleep.2014.05.017
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Article ; Online: Internet-based survey of factors associated with subjective feeling of insomnia, depression, and low health-related quality of life among Japanese adults with sleep difficulty.

Aritake, Sayaka / Asaoka, Shoichi / Kagimura, Tatsuo / Shimura, Akiyoshi / Futenma, Kunihiro / Komada, Yoko / Inoue, Yuichi

International journal of behavioral medicine

2014 Volume 22, Issue 2, Page(s) 233–238

Abstract: Background: This study was conducted to determine what symptom components or conditions of insomnia are related to subjective feelings of insomnia, low health-related quality of life (HRQOL), or depression.: Method: Data from 7,027 Japanese adults ... ...

Abstract	Background: This study was conducted to determine what symptom components or conditions of insomnia are related to subjective feelings of insomnia, low health-related quality of life (HRQOL), or depression. Method: Data from 7,027 Japanese adults obtained using an Internet-based questionnaire survey was analyzed to examine associations between demographic variables and each sleep difficulty symptom item on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) with the presence/absence of subjective insomnia and scores on the Short Form-8 (SF-8) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Results: Prevalence of subjective insomnia was 12.2% (n = 860). Discriminant function analysis revealed that item scores for sleep quality, sleep latency, and sleep medication use on the PSQI and CES-D showed relatively high discriminant function coefficients for identifying positivity for the subjective feeling of insomnia. Among respondents with subjective insomnia, a low SF-8 physical component summary score was associated with higher age, depressive state, and PSQI items for sleep difficulty and daytime dysfunction, whereas a low SF-8 mental component summary score was associated with depressive state, PSQI sleep latency, sleeping medication use, and daytime dysfunction. Depressive state was significantly associated with sleep latency, sleeping medication use, and daytime dysfunction. Conclusion: Among insomnia symptom components, disturbed sleep quality and sleep onset insomnia may be specifically associated with subjective feelings of the disorder. The existence of a depressive state could be significantly associated with not only subjective insomnia but also mental and physical QOL. Our results also suggest that different components of sleep difficulty, as measured by the PSQI, might be associated with mental and physical QOL and depressive status.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Depression/psychology ; Emotions ; Female ; Humans ; Internet ; Japan ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Quality of Life ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-05-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1187972-5
ISSN	1532-7558 ; 1070-5503
ISSN (online)	1532-7558
ISSN	1070-5503
DOI	10.1007/s12529-014-9421-7
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Article: Green-sensitive opsin is the photoreceptor for photic entrainment of an insect circadian clock.

Komada, Sayaka / Kamae, Yuichi / Koyanagi, Mitsumasa / Tatewaki, Kousuke / Hassaneen, Ehab / Saifullah, Asm / Yoshii, Taishi / Terakita, Akihisa / Tomioka, Kenji

Zoological letters

2015 Volume 1, Page(s) 11

Abstract: Introduction: Entrainment to light cycle is a prerequisite for circadian rhythms to set daily physiological events to occur at an appropriate time of day. In hemimetabolous insects, the photoreceptor molecule for photic entrainment is still unknown. ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Entrainment to light cycle is a prerequisite for circadian rhythms to set daily physiological events to occur at an appropriate time of day. In hemimetabolous insects, the photoreceptor molecule for photic entrainment is still unknown. Since the compound eyes are the only circadian photoreceptor in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus, we have investigated the role of three opsin genes expressed there, opsin-Ultraviolet (opUV), opsin-Blue (opB), and opsin-Long Wave (opLW) encoding a green-sensitive opsin in photic entrainment. Results: A daily rhythm was detected in mRNA expressions of opB and opLW but not of opUV gene. When photic entrainment of circadian locomotor rhythms was tested after injection of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of three opsin genes, no noticeable effects were found in opUV RNAi and opB RNAi crickets. In opLW RNAi crickets, however, some crickets lost photic entrainability and the remaining crickets re-entrained with significantly longer transient cycles to a phase-advanced light-dark cycle as compared to control crickets. Crickets often lost entrainability when treated doubly with dsRNAs of two opsin genes including opLW. Conclusion: These results show that green-sensitive OpLW is the major circadian photoreceptor molecule for photic entrainment of locomotor rhythms in the cricket G. bimaculatus. Our finding will lead to further investigation of the photic entrainment mechanism at molecular and cellular levels, which still remains largely unknown.
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-02-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2809936-9
ISSN	2056-306X
ISSN	2056-306X
DOI	10.1186/s40851-015-0011-6
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Article ; Online: Factors associated with shift work disorder in nurses working with rapid-rotation schedules in Japan: the nurses' sleep health project.

Asaoka, Shoichi / Aritake, Sayaka / Komada, Yoko / Ozaki, Akiko / Odagiri, Yuko / Inoue, Shigeru / Shimomitsu, Teruichi / Inoue, Yuichi

Chronobiology international

2013 Volume 30, Issue 4, Page(s) 628–636

Abstract: Workers who meet the criteria for shift work disorder (SWD) have elevated levels of risk for various health and behavioral problems. However, the impact of having SWD on shiftworkers engaged in rapid-rotation schedules is unknown. Moreover, the risk ... ...

Abstract	Workers who meet the criteria for shift work disorder (SWD) have elevated levels of risk for various health and behavioral problems. However, the impact of having SWD on shiftworkers engaged in rapid-rotation schedules is unknown. Moreover, the risk factors for the occurrence of SWD remain unclear. To clarify these issues, we conducted a questionnaire-based, cross-sectional survey on a sample of shiftworking nurses. Responses were obtained from 1202 nurses working at university hospitals in Tokyo, Japan, including 727 two-shift workers and 315 three-shift workers. The questionnaire included items relevant to age, gender, family structure, work environment, health-related quality of life (QOL), diurnal type, depressive symptoms, and SWD. Participants who reported insomnia and/or excessive sleepiness for at least 1 mo that was subjectively relevant to their shiftwork schedules were categorized as having SWD. The prevalence of SWD in the sampled shiftworking nurses was 24.4%; shiftworking nurses with SWD showed lower health-related QOL and more severe depressive symptoms, with greater rates of both actual accidents/errors and near misses, than those without SWD. The results of logistic regression analyses showed that more time spent working at night, frequent missing of nap opportunities during night work, and having an eveningness-oriented chronotype were significantly associated with SWD. The present study indicated that SWD might be associated with reduced health-related QOL and decreased work performance in shiftworking nurses on rapid-rotation schedules. The results also suggested that missing napping opportunities during night work, long nighttime working hours, and the delay of circadian rhythms are associated with the occurrence of SWD among shiftworking nurses on rapid-rotation schedules.
MeSH term(s)	Accidents ; Adult ; Circadian Rhythm ; Data Collection ; Depression/etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nurses ; Odds Ratio ; Quality of Life ; Risk Factors ; Sleep ; Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm/complications ; Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm/pathology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	998996-1
ISSN	1525-6073 ; 0742-0528
ISSN (online)	1525-6073
ISSN	0742-0528
DOI	10.3109/07420528.2012.762010
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Article ; Online: Change in frequency of periodic limb movements during sleep with usage of continuous positive airway pressure in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Aritake-Okada, Sayaka / Namba, Kazuyoshi / Hidano, Natsuki / Asaoka, Shoichi / Komada, Yoko / Usui, Akira / Matsuura, Masato / Inoue, Yuichi

Journal of the neurological sciences

2012 Volume 317, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 13–16

Abstract: Periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMS) sometimes newly appear on the night of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) titration in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). To ascertain the incidence and causative factors of this ... ...

Abstract	Periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMS) sometimes newly appear on the night of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) titration in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). To ascertain the incidence and causative factors of this phenomenon, we investigated differences in its prevalence and the factors associated with newly appeared and persistent PLMS on CPAP titration night. We retrospectively analyzed polysomnographic data of 997 consecutive OSAS outpatients who had undergone overnight CPAP titration. On the basis of changes in periodic limb movements index (PLMI) values (cut off level≥15/h) from baseline polysomnography (BPSG) to CPAP titration PSG, patients were assigned to one of four groups: persistent, CPAP-emergent, CPAP-disappeared, and non-PLMS. The rate of patients was 6.7% in the persistent group, 8.0% in the CPAP-emergent group, 4.0% in the CPAP-disappearance group, and 81.2% in the non-PLMS group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a higher apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) on BPSG and ≥47years of age appeared to be associated with the CPAP-emergent group. The results suggest that elderly patients with higher AHI at BPSG may present with CPAP-emergent PLMS.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome/epidemiology ; Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome/physiopathology ; Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome/therapy ; Sleep/physiology ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/epidemiology ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/physiopathology ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-06-15
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80160-4
ISSN	1878-5883 ; 0022-510X ; 0374-8642
ISSN (online)	1878-5883
ISSN	0022-510X ; 0374-8642
DOI	10.1016/j.jns.2012.03.013
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Article ; Online: Legume lectins inhibit human parainfluenza virus type 2 infection by interfering with the entry.

Uematsu, Jun / Koyama, Aoi / Takano, Sayaka / Ura, Yukari / Tanemura, Miho / Kihira, Sahoko / Yamamoto, Hidetaka / Kawano, Mitsuo / Tsurudome, Masato / O'Brien, Myles / Komada, Hiroshi

Viruses

2012 Volume 4, Issue 7, Page(s) 1104–1115

Abstract: Three lectins with different sugar binding specificities were investigated for anti-viral activity against human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hPIV-2). The lectins, concanavalin A (Con A), lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) and peanut agglutinin (PNA), ... ...

Abstract	Three lectins with different sugar binding specificities were investigated for anti-viral activity against human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hPIV-2). The lectins, concanavalin A (Con A), lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) and peanut agglutinin (PNA), inhibited cell fusion and hemadsorption induced by hPIV-2. Virus nucleoprotein (NP) gene synthesis was largely inhibited, but fusion (F) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene syntheses were not. An indirect immunofluorescence study showed that Con A inhibited virus NP, F and HN protein syntheses, but LCA did not completely inhibit them, and that PNA inhibited only NP protein synthesis. Using a recombinant green fluorescence protein-expressing hPIV-2, without matrix protein (rghPIV-2ΔM), it was found that virus entry into the cells was not completely prevented. The lectins considerably reduced the number of viruses released compared with that of virus infected cells. The lectins bound to cell surface within 10 min, and many aggregates were observed at 30 min. Con A and LCA slightly disrupted actin microfilaments and microtubules, but PNA had almost no effect on them. These results indicated that the inhibitory effects of the lectins were caused mainly by the considerable prevention of virus adsorption to the cells by the lectin binding to their receptors.
MeSH term(s)	Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Down-Regulation/drug effects ; Fabaceae/chemistry ; Humans ; Lectins/pharmacology ; Parainfluenza Virus 2, Human/drug effects ; Parainfluenza Virus 2, Human/genetics ; Parainfluenza Virus 2, Human/physiology ; Rubulavirus Infections/virology ; Virus Internalization/drug effects ; Virus Replication/drug effects
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents ; Lectins
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-06-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v4071104
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