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Article ; Online: The Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a Model Organism to Study Metabolic Effects of ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Obesity.

Bouyanfif, Amal / Jayarathne, Shasika / Koboziev, Iurii / Moustaid-Moussa, Naima

2019 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 165–178

Abstract: Obesity is a complex disease that is influenced by several factors, such as diet, physical activity, developmental stage, age, genes, and their interactions with the environment. Obesity develops as a result of expansion of fat mass when the intake of ... ...

Abstract	Obesity is a complex disease that is influenced by several factors, such as diet, physical activity, developmental stage, age, genes, and their interactions with the environment. Obesity develops as a result of expansion of fat mass when the intake of energy, stored as triglycerides, exceeds its expenditure. Approximately 40% of the US population suffers from obesity, which represents a worldwide public health problem associated with chronic low-grade adipose tissue and systemic inflammation (sterile inflammation), in part due to adipose tissue expansion. In patients with obesity, energy homeostasis is further impaired by inflammation, oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. These pathologic conditions increase the risk of developing other chronic diseases including diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and certain forms of cancer. It is well documented that several bioactive compounds such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) are able to reduce adipose and systemic inflammation and blood triglycerides and, in some cases, improve glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in vertebrate animal models of obesity. A promising model organism that is gaining tremendous interest for studies of lipid and energy metabolism is the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. This roundworm stores fats as droplets within its hypodermal and intestinal cells. The nematode's transparent skin enables fat droplet visualization and quantification with the use of dyes that have affinity to lipids. This article provides a review of major research over the past several years on the use of C. elegans to study the effects of ω-3 PUFAs on lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis relative to metabolic diseases.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans ; Disease Models, Animal ; Energy Metabolism/drug effects ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3/metabolism ; Humans ; Lipid Metabolism/drug effects ; Obesity/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Fatty Acids, Omega-3
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review
ZDB-ID	2583634-1
ISSN	2156-5376 ; 2156-5376
ISSN (online)	2156-5376
ISSN	2156-5376
DOI	10.1093/advances/nmy059
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Article: Protective and pro-inflammatory roles of intestinal bacteria.

Reinoso Webb, Cynthia / Koboziev, Iurii / Furr, Kathryn L / Grisham, Matthew B

Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology

2016 Volume 23, Issue 2, Page(s) 67–80

Abstract: The intestinal mucosal surface in all vertebrates is exposed to enormous numbers of microorganisms that include bacteria, archaea, fungi and viruses. Coexistence of the host with the gut microbiota represents an active and mutually beneficial ... ...

Abstract	The intestinal mucosal surface in all vertebrates is exposed to enormous numbers of microorganisms that include bacteria, archaea, fungi and viruses. Coexistence of the host with the gut microbiota represents an active and mutually beneficial relationship that helps to shape the mucosal and systemic immune systems of both mammals and teleosts (ray-finned fish). Due to the potential for enteric microorganisms to invade intestinal tissue and induce local and/or systemic inflammation, the mucosal immune system has developed a number of protective mechanisms that allow the host to mount an appropriate immune response to invading bacteria, while limiting bystander tissue injury associated with these immune responses. Failure to properly regulate mucosal immunity is thought to be responsible for the development of chronic intestinal inflammation. The objective of this review is to present our current understanding of the role that intestinal bacteria play in vertebrate health and disease. While our primary focus will be humans and mice, we also present the new and exciting comparative studies being performed in zebrafish to model host-microbe interactions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-02-17
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1212740-1
ISSN	0928-4680
ISSN	0928-4680
DOI	10.1016/j.pathophys.2016.02.002
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Article ; Online: Curcumin Reduces Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Alters Gut Microbiota in Diet-Induced Obese Male Mice.

Islam, Tariful / Koboziev, Iurii / Albracht-Schulte, Kembra / Mistretta, Brandon / Scoggin, Shane / Yosofvand, Mohammad / Moussa, Hanna / Zabet-Moghaddam, Masoud / Ramalingam, Latha / Gunaratne, Preethi H / Moustaid-Moussa, Naima

Molecular nutrition & food research

2021 Volume 65, Issue 22, Page(s) e2100274

Abstract: Scope: Obesity prevalence continues to increase and contribute to metabolic diseases, potentially by driving systemic inflammation. Curcumin is an anti-inflammatory spice with claimed health benefits. However, mechanisms by which curcumin may reduce ... ...

Abstract	Scope: Obesity prevalence continues to increase and contribute to metabolic diseases, potentially by driving systemic inflammation. Curcumin is an anti-inflammatory spice with claimed health benefits. However, mechanisms by which curcumin may reduce obesity-associated inflammation are poorly understood; thus, it is hypothesized that benefits of curcumin consumption may occur through reduced white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation and/or beneficial changes in gut bacteria. Methods and results: Male B6 mice are fed high-fat diets (HFD, 45% kcal fat) or HFD supplemented with 0.4% (w/w) curcumin (HFC) for 14 weeks. Curcumin supplementation significantly reduces adiposity and total macrophage infiltration in WAT, compared to HFD group, consistent with reduced mRNA levels of M1 (Cd80, Cd38, Cd11c) and M2 (Arginase-1) macrophage markers. Moreover, curcumin supplementation reduces expression of other key pro-inflammatory genes, such as NF-κB p65 subunit (p65), Stat1, Tlr4, and Il6, in WAT (p < 0.05). Using microbial 16S RNA sequencing, it is demonstrated that the relative abundance of the Lactococcus, Parasutterella, and Turicibacter genera are increased in the HFC group versus HFD. Conclusions: Curcumin exerts protective metabolic effects in dietary obesity, in part through downregulation of adipose tissue inflammation, which may be mediated by alterations in composition of gut microbiota, and metabolism of curcumin into curcumin-O-glucuronide.
MeSH term(s)	Adipose Tissue/metabolism ; Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism ; Animals ; Curcumin/metabolism ; Curcumin/pharmacology ; Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Inflammation/drug therapy ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Obese ; Obesity/chemically induced ; Obesity/etiology
Chemical Substances	Curcumin (IT942ZTH98)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-07
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2160372-8
ISSN	1613-4133 ; 1613-4125
ISSN (online)	1613-4133
ISSN	1613-4125
DOI	10.1002/mnfr.202100274
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Article: Protective Effects of Curcumin in High Fat Diet (HFD)-Induced Obesity Include Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Adipose Tissue and Changes in Gut Microbiome (P06-075-19)

Islam, Tariful / Koboziev, Iurii / Moustaid-Moussa, Naima / Ramalingam, Latha / Scoggin, Shane

Current developments in nutrition. 2019 June 13, v. 3, no. Supplement_1

2019

Abstract: Curcumin, a traditionally used spice in Asia has several health-protecting effects. However, its role on gut microbiota and obesity-associated inflammation is still poorly understood. The objective of this study was to determine whether the protective ... ...

Abstract	Curcumin, a traditionally used spice in Asia has several health-protecting effects. However, its role on gut microbiota and obesity-associated inflammation is still poorly understood. The objective of this study was to determine whether the protective effects of curcumin in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity are mediated by reduced white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation and changes in gut bacteria. Male B6 mice were fed a HFD (45% kcal fat) or HFD supplemented with 0.4% (w/w) curcumin (HFC) for thirteen weeks. Body weight, adiposity, glucose and, insulin tolerances, and serum triglycerides, insulin, leptin, resistin levels were measured. Gut microbiome composition was determined by 16S RNA metagenomics sequencing. Expression of inflammation-related genes in WAT was measured by qRT-PCR. Macrophage contents in WAT were evaluated by galectin-3 immunohistochemical staining. Pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p65 subunit (p65) and toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) gene expression was downregulated in HFC group compared to HFD mice. Furthermore, curcumin reduced total macrophage infiltration in WAT in HFC mice compared to HFD group. Expression of both M1 (CD80, CD38) and M2 (Arginase-1) associated genes was decreased. The relative abundance of bacteria representing the Clostridium genus, which contains numerous short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producing species, was increased by the curcumin supplement. Curcumin exerts protective effects in dietary obesity, in part through downregulation of adipose tissue inflammation which may be due to the production of SCFA and, possibly other curcumin metabolites by gut microflora. Startup funds and Come N Go award from the College of Human Sciences at Texas Tech University.
Keywords	adiposity ; anti-inflammatory activity ; bacteria ; blood serum ; Clostridium ; curcumin ; galectins ; gene expression ; gene expression regulation ; genes ; glucose ; high fat diet ; hydrofluorocarbons ; immunohistochemistry ; inflammation ; insulin ; intestinal microorganisms ; leptin ; macrophages ; males ; metabolites ; metagenomics ; mice ; obesity ; protective effect ; quantitative polymerase chain reaction ; resistin ; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ; ribosomal RNA ; short chain fatty acids ; spices ; staining ; Toll-like receptor 4 ; transcription factor NF-kappa B ; triacylglycerols ; white adipose tissue ; Asia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0613
Publishing place	Oxford University Press
Document type	Article
ISSN	2475-2991
DOI	10.1093/cdn/nzz031.P06-075-19
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Article: The Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a Model Organism to Study Metabolic Effects of ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Obesity

Bouyanfif, Amal / Jayarathne, Shasika / Koboziev, Iurii / Moustaid-Moussa, Naima

Advances in nutrition. 2019 Jan. 01, v. 10, no. 1

2019

Abstract	Obesity is a complex disease that is influenced by several factors, such as diet, physical activity, developmental stage, age, genes, and their interactions with the environment. Obesity develops as a result of expansion of fat mass when the intake of energy, stored as triglycerides, exceeds its expenditure. Approximately 40% of the US population suffers from obesity, which represents a worldwide public health problem associated with chronic low-grade adipose tissue and systemic inflammation (sterile inflammation), in part due to adipose tissue expansion. In patients with obesity, energy homeostasis is further impaired by inflammation, oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. These pathologic conditions increase the risk of developing other chronic diseases including diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and certain forms of cancer. It is well documented that several bioactive compounds such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) are able to reduce adipose and systemic inflammation and blood triglycerides and, in some cases, improve glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in vertebrate animal models of obesity. A promising model organism that is gaining tremendous interest for studies of lipid and energy metabolism is the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. This roundworm stores fats as droplets within its hypodermal and intestinal cells. The nematode's transparent skin enables fat droplet visualization and quantification with the use of dyes that have affinity to lipids. This article provides a review of major research over the past several years on the use of C. elegans to study the effects of ω-3 PUFAs on lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis relative to metabolic diseases.
Keywords	Caenorhabditis elegans ; adipose tissue ; animal models ; bioactive compounds ; blood ; chronic diseases ; coronary artery disease ; diabetes ; diet ; droplets ; dyes ; energy ; energy metabolism ; genes ; glucose ; homeostasis ; hyperlipidemia ; hypertension ; inflammation ; insulin resistance ; intestines ; lipid metabolism ; metabolic syndrome ; neoplasms ; obesity ; omega-3 fatty acids ; oxidative stress ; patients ; physical activity ; polyunsaturated fatty acids ; public health ; triacylglycerols ; vertebrates ; United States
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0101
Size	p. 165-178.
Publishing place	Oxford University Press
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2583634-1
ISSN	2156-5376 ; 2161-8313
ISSN (online)	2156-5376
ISSN	2161-8313
DOI	10.1093/advances/nmy059
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Article: Curcumin Reduces Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Alters Gut Microbiota in Diet‐Induced Obese Male Mice

Islam, Tariful / Koboziev, Iurii / Albracht‐Schulte, Kembra / Mistretta, Brandon / Scoggin, Shane / Yosofvand, Mohammad / Moussa, Hanna / Zabet‐Moghaddam, Masoud / Ramalingam, Latha / Gunaratne, Preethi H. / Moustaid‐Moussa, Naima

Molecular nutrition & food research. 2021 Nov., v. 65, no. 22

2021

Abstract: SCOPE: Obesity prevalence continues to increase and contribute to metabolic diseases, potentially by driving systemic inflammation. Curcumin is an anti‐inflammatory spice with claimed health benefits. However, mechanisms by which curcumin may reduce ... ...

Abstract	SCOPE: Obesity prevalence continues to increase and contribute to metabolic diseases, potentially by driving systemic inflammation. Curcumin is an anti‐inflammatory spice with claimed health benefits. However, mechanisms by which curcumin may reduce obesity‐associated inflammation are poorly understood; thus, it is hypothesized that benefits of curcumin consumption may occur through reduced white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation and/or beneficial changes in gut bacteria. METHODS AND RESULTS: Male B6 mice are fed high‐fat diets (HFD, 45% kcal fat) or HFD supplemented with 0.4% (w/w) curcumin (HFC) for 14 weeks. Curcumin supplementation significantly reduces adiposity and total macrophage infiltration in WAT, compared to HFD group, consistent with reduced mRNA levels of M1 (Cd80, Cd38, Cd11c) and M2 (Arginase‐1) macrophage markers. Moreover, curcumin supplementation reduces expression of other key pro‐inflammatory genes, such as NF‐κB p65 subunit (p65), Stat1, Tlr4, and Il6, in WAT (p < 0.05). Using microbial 16S RNA sequencing, it is demonstrated that the relative abundance of the Lactococcus, Parasutterella, and Turicibacter genera are increased in the HFC group versus HFD. CONCLUSIONS: Curcumin exerts protective metabolic effects in dietary obesity, in part through downregulation of adipose tissue inflammation, which may be mediated by alterations in composition of gut microbiota, and metabolism of curcumin into curcumin‐O‐glucuronide.
Keywords	Lactococcus ; adiposity ; curcumin ; digestive system ; food research ; inflammation ; interleukin-6 ; intestinal microorganisms ; macrophages ; males ; metabolism ; obesity ; spices ; white adipose tissue
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-11
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2160372-8
ISSN	1613-4133 ; 1613-4125
ISSN (online)	1613-4133
ISSN	1613-4125
DOI	10.1002/mnfr.202100274
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Article ; Online: Effects of Curcumin in a Mouse Model of Very High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity.

Koboziev, Iurii / Scoggin, Shane / Gong, Xiaoxia / Mirzaei, Parvin / Zabet-Moghaddam, Masoud / Yosofvand, Mohammad / Moussa, Hanna / Jones-Hall, Yava / Moustaid-Moussa, Naima

Biomolecules

2020 Volume 10, Issue 10

Abstract: Worldwide rates of Western-diet-induced obesity epidemics are growing dramatically. Being linked with numerous comorbidities and complications, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer, chronic inflammation, and osteoarthritis (OA), ... ...

Abstract	Worldwide rates of Western-diet-induced obesity epidemics are growing dramatically. Being linked with numerous comorbidities and complications, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer, chronic inflammation, and osteoarthritis (OA), obesity represents one of the most threatening challenges for modern healthcare. Mouse models are an invaluable tool for investigating the effects of diets and their bioactive components against high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and its comorbidities. During recent years, very high fat diets (VHFDs), providing 58-60% kcal fat, have become a popular alternative to more traditional HFDs, providing 40-45% total kcal fat, due to the faster induction of obesity and stronger metabolic responses. This project aims to investigate if the 60% fat VHFD is suitable to evaluate the protective effects of curcumin in diet-induced obesity and osteoarthritis. B6 male mice, prone to diet-induced metabolic dysfunction, were supplemented with VHFD without or with curcumin for 13 weeks. Under these experimental conditions, feeding mice a VHFD for 13 weeks did not result in expected robust manifestations of the targeted pathophysiologic conditions. Supplementing the diet with curcumin, in turn, protected the animals against obesity without significant changes in white adipocyte size, glucose clearance, and knee cartilage integrity. Additional research is needed to optimize diet composition, curcumin dosage, and duration of dietary interventions to establish the VHFD-induced obesity for evaluating the effects of curcumin on metabolic dysfunctions related to obesity and osteoarthritis.
MeSH term(s)	Adipocytes/drug effects ; Animals ; Curcumin/pharmacology ; Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects ; Dietary Fats ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Mice ; Obesity/drug therapy ; Obesity/etiology ; Obesity/pathology ; Osteoarthritis/drug therapy ; Osteoarthritis/etiology ; Osteoarthritis/pathology
Chemical Substances	Dietary Fats ; Curcumin (IT942ZTH98)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2701262-1
ISSN	2218-273X ; 2218-273X
ISSN (online)	2218-273X
ISSN	2218-273X
DOI	10.3390/biom10101368
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Article: The Interrelationship Between the Gut Microbiome and Glucose Homeostasis Following Boiled and Chilled Potato Consumption (P20-020-19)

Patterson, Mindy / Ajami, Nadim / Fong, Joy Nolte / Kim, Jaeweon / Koboziev, Iurii / Lier, Christina van / Wang, Wanyi

Current developments in nutrition. 2019 June 13, v. 3, no. Supplement_1

2019

Abstract: Many factors influence the gut microbiome which in turn mediates physiological responses following food intake, especially when fermentable fibers such as resistant starch (RS) are consumed. Here we examined the relationship body composition and diet on ... ...

Abstract	Many factors influence the gut microbiome which in turn mediates physiological responses following food intake, especially when fermentable fibers such as resistant starch (RS) are consumed. Here we examined the relationship body composition and diet on gut microbiome diversity and composition in females. We also compared the effects of glucose and insulin following boiled (∼6 g RS) and chilled (∼12 g RS) potato intake on the gut microbiome. Using a randomized cross-over study design 250 g of both boiled and chilled Russet potatoes were consumed on two separate visits with a one-week wash-out period. Fasting and postprandial (15, 30, 60, and 120 min) blood were collected for area under the curve (AUC(0–120)) glucose and insulin calculation. Prior to visit one stool and three-day food records were collected. At visit one anthropometrics and body composition (% fat mass (%FM) and lean mass (%LM)) using air displacement plethysmograph were assessed. Microbiome profiling via 16Sv3–4 sequencing identified bacterial diversity and composition in the stool. BMI, %FM, %LM, mean energy and nutrients, and AUC(0–120) glucose and insulin following the consumption of each potato were grouped into tertiles then compared to microbiome profiles using Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric tests. Twenty-four healthy females (mean age 28.8 ± 5.9 yr and BMI of 31.8 ± 7.4 kg/m2) completed the study. Females with a lower AUC(0–120) insulin following chilled potato intake had a higher Shannon diversity index (5.8 vs 4.9; P = .033) and Lentisphaerae abundance (3.3 vs ≤ 0.1; P = .005). Higher Actinobacteria (120 vs < 33) was associated with lower AUC(0–120) insulin (P = .025) following boiled potato intake. Higher %LM (> 54%) was associated with Lentisphaerae abundance (P = .036). BMI, %FM, diet, AUC(0–120) glucose following intake of both potatoes, and AUC insulin(0–120) following boiled potato intake did not correlate with specific microbiome profiles. These data indicate that microbiome diversity is correlated with reduced insulin response following the intake of potatoes rich in RS, which may be a result of the bacterial fermentation of RS. Lentisphaerae and Actinobacteria abundance were also related to glycemic control. The Alliance for Potato Research and Education and Texas Woman's University Small Grants Program.
Keywords	Actinobacteria ; air ; blood ; body composition ; body mass index ; cross-over studies ; education ; energy ; experimental design ; fasting ; females ; fermentation ; food intake ; food records ; glucose ; glycemic control ; homeostasis ; insulin ; intestinal microorganisms ; Lentisphaerae ; lipid content ; microbiome ; nutrients ; physiological response ; potatoes ; resistant starch ; women
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0613
Publishing place	Oxford University Press
Document type	Article
ISSN	2475-2991
DOI	10.1093/cdn/nzz040.P20-020-19
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Role of the enteric microbiota in intestinal homeostasis and inflammation.

Koboziev, Iurii / Reinoso Webb, Cynthia / Furr, Kathryn L / Grisham, Matthew B

Free radical biology & medicine

2013 Volume 68, Page(s) 122–133

Abstract: The mammalian intestine encounters many more microorganisms than any other tissue in the body thus making it the largest and most complex component of the immune system. Indeed, there are greater than 100 trillion (10(14)) microbes within the healthy ... ...

Abstract	The mammalian intestine encounters many more microorganisms than any other tissue in the body thus making it the largest and most complex component of the immune system. Indeed, there are greater than 100 trillion (10(14)) microbes within the healthy human intestine, and the total number of genes derived from this diverse microbiome exceeds that of the entire human genome by at least 100-fold. Our coexistence with the gut microbiota represents a dynamic and mutually beneficial relationship that is thought to be a major determinant of health and disease. Because of the potential for intestinal microorganisms to induce local and/or systemic inflammation, the intestinal immune system has developed a number of immune mechanisms to protect the host from pathogenic infections while limiting the inflammatory tissue injury that accompanies these immune responses. Failure to properly regulate intestinal mucosal immunity is thought to be responsible for the inflammatory tissue injury observed in the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD; Crohn disease, ulcerative colitis). An accumulating body of experimental and clinical evidence strongly suggests that IBD results from a dysregulated immune response to components of the normal gut flora in genetically susceptible individuals. The objective of this review is to present our current understanding of the role that enteric microbiota play in intestinal homeostasis and pathogenesis of chronic intestinal inflammation.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology ; Gastrointestinal Tract/pathology ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Inflammation/microbiology ; Inflammation/pathology ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology ; Intestinal Mucosa/pathology ; Microbiota
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-11-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
ZDB-ID	807032-5
ISSN	1873-4596 ; 0891-5849
ISSN (online)	1873-4596
ISSN	0891-5849
DOI	10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.11.008
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Zs.A 2109: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Adipose tissue inflammation in insulin resistance: review of mechanisms mediating anti-inflammatory effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Pahlavani, Mandana / Ramalho, Theresa / Koboziev, Iurii / LeMieux, Monique J / Jayarathne, Shasika / Ramalingam, Latha / Filgueiras, Luciano R / Moustaid-Moussa, Naima

Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research

2017 Volume 65, Issue 7, Page(s) 1021–1027

Abstract: Obesity is an increasingly costly and widespread epidemic, effecting 1 in 10 adults worldwide. It has been causally linked with both the metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance, both of which are associated with increased chronic inflammation. The ... ...

Abstract	Obesity is an increasingly costly and widespread epidemic, effecting 1 in 10 adults worldwide. It has been causally linked with both the metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance, both of which are associated with increased chronic inflammation. The exact mechanisms through which inflammation may contribute to both MetS and IR are numerous and their details are still largely unknown. Recently, micro-RNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as potential interventional targets due to their potential preventive roles in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including MetS and obesity. The purpose of this review paper is to discuss some of the known roles of miRNAs as mediators of inflammation-associated obesity and IR and how omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may be used as a nutritional intervention for these disorders.
MeSH term(s)	Adipose Tissue/pathology ; Animals ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Inflammation/drug therapy ; Inflammation/pathology ; Insulin/metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Obesity/drug therapy ; Obesity/metabolism ; Obesity/pathology
Chemical Substances	Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ; Insulin
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-09-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1217870-6
ISSN	1708-8267 ; 0009-9279 ; 1081-5589
ISSN (online)	1708-8267
ISSN	0009-9279 ; 1081-5589
DOI	10.1136/jim-2017-000535
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