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Article ; Online: Primarily investigation with multiple methods on permafrost state around a rapid change lake in the interior of the Tibet Plateau

Zekun Ding / Fujun Niu / Yanhu Mu / Peifeng He / Zeyong Gao / Xingwen Fan

Environmental Research Letters, Vol 18, Iss 11, p

2023 Volume 114010

Abstract: Changes of the lakes on high-altitude regions of the Tibet Plateau influence the state of the surrounding permafrost. Due to the climate warming and wetting trend, extreme events including lake outburst has occurred more frequent. In 2011, an outburst ... ...

Abstract	Changes of the lakes on high-altitude regions of the Tibet Plateau influence the state of the surrounding permafrost. Due to the climate warming and wetting trend, extreme events including lake outburst has occurred more frequent. In 2011, an outburst event occurred on the Zonag Lake and this event changed the water distribution in the basin, leading a rapid expansion of the Tailwater lake, named as the Salt Lake. However, the construction of the drainage channel in the Salt Lake ended the expansion process and the shrinkage of the lake started since 2020. To investigate the permafrost state around the Salt Lake, multiple methods, including drilling boreholes, the unmanned aerial vehicle survey and the ground penetrating radar detection have been applied. By integrating these multi-source data, the thermal regime, topography and the spatial distribution of the permafrost around the Salt Lake were analyzed. The result showed that the permafrost state around the Salt Lake was related to the distance from the lake water. The permafrost table appears at 90 m away from the Salt Lake and interrupted by a nearby thermokarst lake at 220 m. The ground temperature in the natural field is 0.2 °C lower than the temperature in the lake at a depth of −5 m.
Keywords	permafrost ; ground temperature ; UAV ; GPR ; Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ; TD1-1066 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350 ; Science ; Q ; Physics ; QC1-999
Subject code	333 ; 550
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	IOP Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: HIV mRNA Vaccines-Progress and Future Paths.

Mu, Zekun / Haynes, Barton F / Cain, Derek W

Vaccines

2021 Volume 9, Issue 2

Abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic introduced the world to a new type of vaccine based on mRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Instead of delivering antigenic proteins directly, an mRNA-based vaccine relies on the host's cells to manufacture protein ... ...

Abstract	The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic introduced the world to a new type of vaccine based on mRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Instead of delivering antigenic proteins directly, an mRNA-based vaccine relies on the host's cells to manufacture protein immunogens which, in turn, are targets for antibody and cytotoxic T cell responses. mRNA-based vaccines have been the subject of research for over three decades as a platform to protect against or treat a variety of cancers, amyloidosis and infectious diseases. In this review, we discuss mRNA-based approaches for the generation of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines to HIV. We examine the special immunological hurdles for a vaccine to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies and effective T cell responses to HIV. Lastly, we outline an mRNA-based HIV vaccination strategy based on the immunobiology of broadly neutralizing antibody development.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2703319-3
ISSN	2076-393X
ISSN	2076-393X
DOI	10.3390/vaccines9020134
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Strategies for eliciting multiple lineages of broadly neutralizing antibodies to HIV by vaccination.

Mu, Zekun / Haynes, Barton F / Cain, Derek W

Current opinion in virology

2021 Volume 51, Page(s) 172–178

Abstract: A prophylactic vaccine would be a powerful tool in the fight against HIV. Passive immunization of animals with broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) affords protection against viral challenge, and recent data from the Antibody Mediated Prevention ... ...

Abstract	A prophylactic vaccine would be a powerful tool in the fight against HIV. Passive immunization of animals with broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) affords protection against viral challenge, and recent data from the Antibody Mediated Prevention clinical trials support the concept of bnAbs providing protection against HIV in humans, albeit only at broad and potent neutralizing antibody titers. Moreover, it is now clear that a successful vaccine will also need to induce bnAbs against multiple neutralizing epitopes on the HIV envelope (Env) glycoprotein. Here, we review recent clinical trials evaluating bnAb-based vaccines, and discuss key issues in the development of an HIV vaccine capable of targeting multiple Env neutralizing epitopes.
MeSH term(s)	AIDS Vaccines/immunology ; Animals ; Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies/immunology ; Epitopes/chemistry ; Epitopes/immunology ; HIV/chemistry ; HIV/immunology ; HIV Antibodies/immunology ; HIV Infections/immunology ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; Humans ; Vaccination
Chemical Substances	AIDS Vaccines ; Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies ; Epitopes ; HIV Antibodies
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-04
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
ZDB-ID	2611378-8
ISSN	1879-6265 ; 1879-6257
ISSN (online)	1879-6265
ISSN	1879-6257
DOI	10.1016/j.coviro.2021.09.015
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Article ; Online: HIV mRNA Vaccines—Progress and Future Paths

Zekun Mu / Barton F. Haynes / Derek W. Cain

Vaccines, Vol 9, Iss 2, p

2021 Volume 134

Abstract	The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic introduced the world to a new type of vaccine based on mRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Instead of delivering antigenic proteins directly, an mRNA-based vaccine relies on the host’s cells to manufacture protein immunogens which, in turn, are targets for antibody and cytotoxic T cell responses. mRNA-based vaccines have been the subject of research for over three decades as a platform to protect against or treat a variety of cancers, amyloidosis and infectious diseases. In this review, we discuss mRNA-based approaches for the generation of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines to HIV. We examine the special immunological hurdles for a vaccine to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies and effective T cell responses to HIV. Lastly, we outline an mRNA-based HIV vaccination strategy based on the immunobiology of broadly neutralizing antibody development.
Keywords	HIV ; vaccine ; messenger RNA ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The Study on Performance of Drag Based Water Turbine under Non-immersive Condition

Pei Yiting / Mu Zekun

E3S Web of Conferences, Vol 107, p

2019 Volume 01005

Abstract: As electricity plays a paramount role in modern life, the electric power outage is always considered to be a serious problem. For this purpose, our research focuses on improving the efficiency of water turbine. By studying the effects of the number and ... ...

Abstract	As electricity plays a paramount role in modern life, the electric power outage is always considered to be a serious problem. For this purpose, our research focuses on improving the efficiency of water turbine. By studying the effects of the number and curvature of turbine blades and stimulating water faucet, the water turbine is expected to effectively boost the rotation under non-immersive condition. The goal of the study is to improve the blade design for higher efficiency of the turbine. This project presents the research of performance on drag based water turbine. The water turbine, whose whole structure is exposed in the air, in the research is an alternative for conventional immersed water turbine. The size of the water turbine is relatively small compared with industry size. Incoming water can be from any direction. The water turbine displays certain advantageous perspectives. Following the past experiments about this device, a myriad of developments has made over years. The blades of drag based water turbine have been tested with numerous combinations and permutations; thus, the effective choices of blade curvature decided in the research are one-quarter of a circle, one-third of a circle and half a circle, with the arc lengths and thicknesses to be the same. Besides, the number of blades in different experiments are 2, 3, 4 respectively. The incoming flow rate is expected to be constant, even though it fluctuates between 5.45 LPM and 5.95 LPM because of limited experiment equipment. Effects of blade number and curvature are examined, and corresponding conclusions are made.
Keywords	Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	690
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	EDP Sciences
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Design of prism coupling structure for liquid crystal cladding waveguide beam steerer.

Bi, Zekun / Mu, Quanquan / Diao, Zhihui / Liu, Yonggang / Yang, Chengliang / Peng, Zenghui / Li, Dayu / Fan, Weifang / Yu, Yunhui

Optics express

2023 Volume 31, Issue 15, Page(s) 24678–24690

Abstract: This paper proposes an extended prism coupling analysis method to accurately analyze the coupling structure of liquid crystal (LC) cladding waveguide beam steerer. We analyze the effects of LC anisotropy on the coupling of transverse electric (TE) and ... ...

Abstract	This paper proposes an extended prism coupling analysis method to accurately analyze the coupling structure of liquid crystal (LC) cladding waveguide beam steerer. We analyze the effects of LC anisotropy on the coupling of transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes and derive the expression of the optical field distribution that perfectly matches the given coupling structure. Based on this method, we present the optimal coupling structure for Gaussian beam. Taking into account the practical manufacturing process, we propose a simplified coupling structure and perform a detailed analysis of its performance based on numerical simulations. Experimental results show a coupling efficiency of 91% and a coupling angle full width at half maximum (FWHM) of about ±0.02°, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method in predicting the coupling performance of anisotropic cladding waveguides.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1491859-6
ISSN	1094-4087 ; 1094-4087
ISSN (online)	1094-4087
ISSN	1094-4087
DOI	10.1364/OE.496195
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Article ; Online: Ultrawide-view achromatic circular polarization dynamic converter using an easy-to-integrate multi-layer structure.

Yu, Yang / Sun, Zijun / Mu, Quanquan / Wang, Qidong / Yang, Chengliang / Peng, Zenghui / Li, Shixiao / Bi, Zekun

Optics express

2023 Volume 31, Issue 25, Page(s) 41292–41300

Abstract: What we believe to be a novel integrated circular polarization dynamic converter (CPDC) is proposed based on the four-layer mirror symmetry structure. By designing the twisted structure and rearranging the orientation direction of liquid crystal ... ...

Abstract	What we believe to be a novel integrated circular polarization dynamic converter (CPDC) is proposed based on the four-layer mirror symmetry structure. By designing the twisted structure and rearranging the orientation direction of liquid crystal molecules for each layer, the application wavelength range could be broadened. For the viewing angle expansion, negative birefringent films are selected to compensate for the retardation deviation under oblique incidence. Finally, the particle swarm algorithm is used to optimize the whole configuration, and the polarization conversion efficiency calculated by the finite element method (FEM) can achieve 90% in the wavelength range from 320 nm to 800 nm at an ultrawide view of 160°. Compared with traditionally active liquid crystal waveplates, the design has potential advantages in both wavelength and field of view (FOV) and provides the possibility for the integrated and flimsy fabrication of devices.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1491859-6
ISSN	1094-4087 ; 1094-4087
ISSN (online)	1094-4087
ISSN	1094-4087
DOI	10.1364/OE.507638
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Article: The Outburst of a Lake and Its Impacts on Redistribution of Surface Water Bodies in High-Altitude Permafrost Region

Ding, Zekun / Niu, Fujun / Li, Guoyu / Mu, Yanhu / Chai, Mingtang / He, Pengfei

Remote Sensing. 2022 June 18, v. 14, no. 12

2022

Abstract: The lakes distributed in permafrost areas on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) have been experiencing significant changes during the past few decades as a result of the climate warming and regional wetting. In September 2011, an outburst occurred on an endorheic ... ...

Abstract	The lakes distributed in permafrost areas on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) have been experiencing significant changes during the past few decades as a result of the climate warming and regional wetting. In September 2011, an outburst occurred on an endorheic lake (Zonag Lake) in the interior of the TP, which caused the spatial expansion of three downstream lakes (Kusai Lake, Haidingnor Lake and Salt Lake) and modified the four independent lake catchments to one basin. In this study, we investigate the changes in surficial areas and water volumes of the outburst lake and related downstream water bodies 10 years after the outburst. Based on the meteorological and satellite data, the reasons for the expansion of downstream lakes were analyzed. Additionally, the importance of the permafrost layer in determining hydrological process on the TP and the influence of from lake expansion on engineering infrastructures were discussed. The results in this study showed the downstream lakes increased both in area and volume after the outburst of the headwater. Meanwhile, we hope to provide a reference about surface water changes and permafrost degradation for the management of lake overflow and flood on the TP in the background of climate warming and wetting.
Keywords	altitude ; basins ; climate ; permafrost ; remote sensing ; salt lakes ; surface water ; China
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0618
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2513863-7
ISSN	2072-4292
ISSN	2072-4292
DOI	10.3390/rs14122918
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Potential involvement of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the neurotoxicity of triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) in the marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) larvae.

Zhang, Yu Ting / Chen, Ruanni / Wang, Feipeng / Huang, Zekun / He, Shuiqing / Chen, Jianming / Mu, Jingli

The Science of the total environment

2022 Volume 817, Page(s) 152945

Abstract: Triphenyl phosphate (TPhP), a prevalent pollutant in the aquatic environment, has been reported to induce neurotoxicity (e.g., a suppression in locomotor activity) in fish larvae, posing a great threat to fish populations. However, the underlying ... ...

Abstract	Triphenyl phosphate (TPhP), a prevalent pollutant in the aquatic environment, has been reported to induce neurotoxicity (e.g., a suppression in locomotor activity) in fish larvae, posing a great threat to fish populations. However, the underlying mechanism was not fully revealed. In this study, the Oryzias melastigma larvae (21 dph) were exposed to waterborne TPhP (20 and 100 μg/L) for 7 days and a decreased locomotor activity was found. After exposure, the brain transcriptome and communities of gut microbiota were investigated to explore the potential mechanism underlying the suppressed locomotor activity by TPhP. The results showed that 1160 genes in the brain were dysregulated by TPhP, of which 24 genes were identified as being highly associated with the neural function and development (including nerve regeneration, neuronal growth and differentiation, brain ion homeostasis, production of neurotransmitters and etc), suggesting a general impairment in the central nervous system. Meanwhile, TPhP caused disorders in the gut microbiota. The relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria, which can influence the brain functions of host via the microbiota-gut-brain axis, were significantly altered by TPhP. Furthermore, the Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed positive correlations between the intestinal genera Ruegeria, Roseivivax and Nautella and the dysregulated brain genes by TPhP. These results suggest that TPhP might impair the central nervous system of the O. melastigma larvae not only directly but also through the microbiota-gut-axis (indirectly), contributing to the suppressed locomotor activity. These findings enrich our mechanistic understanding of the toxicity of TPhP in fish larvae and shed preliminary light on the involvement of microbiota-gut-brain axis in the neurotoxicity of environmental pollutants.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Brain-Gut Axis ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Larva ; Organophosphates ; Oryzias ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
Chemical Substances	Organophosphates ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; triphenyl phosphate (YZE19Z66EA)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-07
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152945
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Article ; Online: Quantitative risk assessment of storm surge using GIS techniques and open data: A case study of Daya Bay Zone, China.

Wang, Si / Mu, Lin / Qi, Mengnan / Yu, Zekun / Yao, Zhenfeng / Zhao, Enjin

Journal of environmental management

2021 Volume 289, Page(s) 112514

Abstract: Storm surge is a natural disaster, often causing economic damage and loss of human life in the coastal communities. In recent decades, with more people attracted to coastal areas, the potential economic losses resulted from storm surges are increasing. ... ...

Abstract	Storm surge is a natural disaster, often causing economic damage and loss of human life in the coastal communities. In recent decades, with more people attracted to coastal areas, the potential economic losses resulted from storm surges are increasing. Therefore, it is important to make risk assessments to identify areas at risk and design risk reduction strategies. However, the quantitative risk assessment of storm surge for coastal cities in China is often difficult due to the lack of adequate data regarding the building footprint and vulnerability curves. This paper aims to provide a methodology for conducting the quantitative risk assessment of storm surge, estimating direct tangible damage, by using Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques and open data. The proposed methodology was applied to a coastal area with a high concentration of petroleum industries in the Daya Bay zone. At first, five individual typhoon scenarios with different return periods (1000, 100, 50, 20, and 10 years) were defined. Then, the Advanced Circulation model and the Simulating Waves Nearshore model were utilized to simulate storm surge. The model outputs were imported into GIS software, transformed into inundation area and inundation depth. Subsequently, the building footprint data were extracted by the use of GIS techniques, including spatial analysis and image analysis. The layer containing building footprints was superimposed on the inundation area layer to identify and quantify the exposed elements to storm surge hazard. Combining the exposed elements with their related depth-damage functions, the quantitative risk assessment translates the spatial extent and depth of storm surge into the estimation of economic losses. The quantitative risk assessment and zonation maps for sub-zones in the study area can help local decision-makers to prioritize the sub-zones that are more likely to be affected by storm surge, make risk mitigation strategies, and develop long-term urban plans.
MeSH term(s)	Bays ; China ; Cities ; Geographic Information Systems ; Humans ; Risk Assessment
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	184882-3
ISSN	1095-8630 ; 0301-4797
ISSN (online)	1095-8630
ISSN	0301-4797
DOI	10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112514
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