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Article ; Online: A peer veteran approach to the caring letters suicide prevention program: Preliminary data.

Livingston, Whitney S / Carter, Sarah P / Leitner, Rebecca / Ton, Andrew T / Gebhardt, Heather / Zoellner, Lori A / Mizik, Natalie / Rojas, Sasha M / Buchholz, Jonathan R / Reger, Mark A

Psychological services

2023 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–12

Abstract: Caring Letters is a prevention program aimed at reducing suicide risk; however, clinical trials indicate mixed results among military and veteran samples. The present study aimed to pilot a new version of the Caring Letters intervention that was adapted ... ...

Abstract	Caring Letters is a prevention program aimed at reducing suicide risk; however, clinical trials indicate mixed results among military and veteran samples. The present study aimed to pilot a new version of the Caring Letters intervention that was adapted to military culture in order to emphasize peer support. The supportive letters, traditionally sent from clinicians, were written by peer veterans (PVs) who volunteered from local Veteran Service Organizations (VSOs). PVs (
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Suicide Prevention ; Veterans/psychology ; Preliminary Data ; Military Personnel/psychology ; Suicidal Ideation
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2156662-8
ISSN	1939-148X ; 1541-1559
ISSN (online)	1939-148X
ISSN	1541-1559
DOI	10.1037/ser0000760
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Article ; Online: First-in-human assessment of safety and immunogenicity of low and high doses of Plasmodium falciparum malaria protein 013 (FMP013) administered intramuscularly with ALFQ adjuvant in healthy malaria-naïve adults.

Vaccine

2022 Volume 40, Issue 40, Page(s) 5781–5790

Abstract: The global burden of malaria remains substantial. Circumsporozoite protein (CSP) has been demonstrated to be an effective target antigen, however, improvements that offer more efficacious and more durable protection are still needed. In support of ... ...

Abstract	The global burden of malaria remains substantial. Circumsporozoite protein (CSP) has been demonstrated to be an effective target antigen, however, improvements that offer more efficacious and more durable protection are still needed. In support of research and development of next-generation malaria vaccines, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) has developed a CSP-based antigen (FMP013) and a novel adjuvant ALFQ (Army Liposome Formulation containing QS-21). We present a single center, open-label, dose-escalation Phase 1 clinical trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the FMP013/ALFQ malaria vaccine candidate. In this first-in-human evaluation of both the antigen and adjuvant, we enrolled ten subjects; five received 20 μg FMP013 / 0.5 mL ALFQ (Low dose group), and five received 40 μg FMP013 / 1.0 mL ALFQ (High dose group) on study days 1, 29, and 57. Adverse events and immune responses were assessed during the study period. The clinical safety profile was acceptable and there were no serious adverse events. Both groups exhibited robust humoral and cellular immunological responses, and compared favorably with historical responses reported for RTS,S/AS01. Based on a lower reactogenicity profile, the 20 μg FMP013 / 0.5 mL ALFQ (Low dose) was selected for follow-on efficacy testing by controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) with a separate cohort. Trial Registration:Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier NCT04268420 (Registered February 13, 2020).
MeSH term(s)	Adjuvants, Immunologic/adverse effects ; Adult ; Antibodies, Protozoan ; Humans ; Malaria Vaccines ; Malaria, Falciparum/prevention & control ; Plasmodium falciparum ; Protozoan Proteins
Chemical Substances	Adjuvants, Immunologic ; Antibodies, Protozoan ; Malaria Vaccines ; Protozoan Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-31
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Clinical Trial, Phase I ; Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	605674-x
ISSN	1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
ISSN (online)	1873-2518
ISSN	0264-410X
DOI	10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.08.048
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Article: First-in-human assessment of safety and immunogenicity of low and high doses of Plasmodium falciparum malaria protein 013 (FMP013) administered intramuscularly with ALFQ adjuvant in healthy malaria-naïve adults

Vaccine. 2022 Aug. 20,

2022

Abstract	The global burden of malaria remains substantial. Circumsporozoite protein (CSP) has been demonstrated to be an effective target antigen, however, improvements that offer more efficacious and more durable protection are still needed. In support of research and development of next-generation malaria vaccines, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) has developed a CSP-based antigen (FMP013) and a novel adjuvant ALFQ (Army Liposome Formulation containing QS-21). We present a single center, open-label, dose-escalation Phase 1 clinical trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the FMP013/ALFQ malaria vaccine candidate. In this first-in-human evaluation of both the antigen and adjuvant, we enrolled ten subjects; five received 20 μg FMP013 / 0.5 mL ALFQ (Low dose group), and five received 40 μg FMP013 / 1.0 mL ALFQ (High dose group) on study days 1, 29, and 57. Adverse events and immune responses were assessed during the study period. The clinical safety profile was acceptable and there were no serious adverse events. Both groups exhibited robust humoral and cellular immunological responses, and compared favorably with historical responses reported for RTS,S/AS01. Based on a lower reactogenicity profile, the 20 μg FMP013 / 0.5 mL ALFQ (Low dose) was selected for follow-on efficacy testing by controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) with a separate cohort. Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier NCT04268420 (Registered February 13, 2020)
Keywords	Plasmodium falciparum ; adjuvants ; antigens ; burden of disease ; clinical trials ; falciparum malaria ; humans ; immunogenicity ; malaria vaccines ; research and development
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0820
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	605674-x
ISSN	1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
ISSN (online)	1873-2518
ISSN	0264-410X
DOI	10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.08.048
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Article: Selected flavonoids potentiate the toxicity of cisplatin in human lung adenocarcinoma cells: a role for glutathione depletion.

Kachadourian, Remy / Leitner, Heather M / Day, Brian J

International journal of oncology

2007 Volume 31, Issue 1, Page(s) 161–168

Abstract: Adjuvant therapies that enhance the anti-tumor effects of cis-diammineplatinum(II) dichloride (cisplatin, CDDP) are actively being pursued. Growing evidence supports the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in the anti-cancer effect of cisplatin. We ... ...

Abstract	Adjuvant therapies that enhance the anti-tumor effects of cis-diammineplatinum(II) dichloride (cisplatin, CDDP) are actively being pursued. Growing evidence supports the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in the anti-cancer effect of cisplatin. We examined the potential of using selective flavonoids that are effective in depleting tumor cells of glutathione (GSH) to potentiate cisplatin-mediated cytotoxicity in human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells. We found that cisplatin (40 microM, 48-h treatment) disrupts the steady-state levels of mitochondrial respiratory complex I, which correlates with elevated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cytochrome c release. The flavonoids, 2',5'-dihydroxychalcone (2',5'-DHC, 20 microM) and chrysin (20 microM) potentiated the cytotoxicity of cisplatin (20 microM), which could be blocked by supplementation of the media with exogenous GSH (500 microM). Both 2',5'-DHC and chrysin were more effective than the specific inhibitor of GSH synthesis, L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, 20 microM), in inducing GSH depletion and potentiating the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin. These data suggest that the flavonoid-induced potentiation of cisplatin's toxicity is due, in part, to synergetic pro-oxidant effects of cisplatin by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, and the flavonoids by depleting cellular GSH, an important antioxidant defense.
MeSH term(s)	Adenocarcinoma/metabolism ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chalcones/pharmacology ; Cisplatin/pharmacology ; Drug Synergism ; Electron Transport Complex I/analysis ; Electron Transport Complex I/antagonists & inhibitors ; Flavonoids/pharmacology ; Glutathione/deficiency ; Glutathione/pharmacology ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/metabolism ; Mitochondria/drug effects ; Mitochondria/enzymology ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
Chemical Substances	2',5'-dihydroxychalcone ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Chalcones ; Flavonoids ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; chrysin (3CN01F5ZJ5) ; Electron Transport Complex I (EC 1.6.5.3) ; Glutathione (GAN16C9B8O) ; Cisplatin (Q20Q21Q62J)
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-07
Publishing country	Greece
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1154403-x
ISSN	1019-6439
ISSN	1019-6439
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Article: Harnessing drug resistance: using ABC transporter proteins to target cancer cells.

Leitner, Heather M / Kachadourian, Remy / Day, Brian J

Biochemical pharmacology

2007 Volume 74, Issue 12, Page(s) 1677–1685

Abstract: The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) class of proteins is one of the most functionally diverse transporter families found in biological systems. Although the abundance of ABC proteins varies between species, they are highly conserved in sequence and often ... ...

Abstract	The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) class of proteins is one of the most functionally diverse transporter families found in biological systems. Although the abundance of ABC proteins varies between species, they are highly conserved in sequence and often demonstrate similar functions across prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Beginning with a brief summary of the events leading to our present day knowledge of ABC transporters, the purpose of this review is to discuss the potential for utilizing ABC transporters as a means for cellular glutathione (GSH) modulation. GSH is one of the most abundant thiol antioxidants in cells. It is involved in cellular division, protein and DNA synthesis, maintenance of cellular redox status and xenobiotic metabolism. Cellular GSH levels are often altered in many disease states including cancer. Over the past two decades there has been considerable emphasis on methods to sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapeutics and radiation therapy by GSH depletion. We contend that ABC transporters, particularly multi-drug resistant proteins (MRPs), may be used as therapeutic targets for applications aimed at modulation of GSH levels. This review will emphasize MRP-mediated modulation of intracellular GSH levels as a potential alternative and adjunctive approach for cancer therapy.
MeSH term(s)	ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family B/metabolism ; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/drug effects ; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/physiology ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Glutathione/metabolism ; Humans ; Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Neoplasms/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction
Chemical Substances	ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family B ; Glutathione (GAN16C9B8O)
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-12-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208787-x
ISSN	1873-2968 ; 0006-2952
ISSN (online)	1873-2968
ISSN	0006-2952
DOI	10.1016/j.bcp.2007.05.014
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Article ; Online: Blinded review of hippocampal neuropathology in sudden unexplained death in childhood reveals inconsistent observations and similarities to explained paediatric deaths.

Leitner, Dominique F / McGuone, Declan / William, Christopher / Faustin, Arline / Askenazi, Manor / Snuderl, Matija / Guzzetta, Melissa / Jarrell, Heather S / Maloney, Katherine / Reichard, Ross / Smith, Colin / Weedn, Victor / Wisniewski, Thomas / Gould, Laura / Devinsky, Orrin

Neuropathology and applied neurobiology

2021 Volume 48, Issue 1, Page(s) e12746

Abstract: Aims: Hippocampal findings are implicated in the pathogenesis of sudden unexplained death in childhood (SUDC), although some studies have identified similar findings in sudden explained death in childhood (SEDC) cases. We blindly reviewed hippocampal ... ...

Abstract	Aims: Hippocampal findings are implicated in the pathogenesis of sudden unexplained death in childhood (SUDC), although some studies have identified similar findings in sudden explained death in childhood (SEDC) cases. We blindly reviewed hippocampal histology in SUDC and SEDC controls. Methods: Hippocampal haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides (n = 67; 36 SUDC, 31 controls) from clinical and forensic collaborators were evaluated by nine blinded reviewers: three board-certified forensic pathologists, three neuropathologists and three dual-certified neuropathologists/forensic pathologists. Results: Among nine reviewers, about 50% of hippocampal sections were rated as abnormal (52.5% SUDC, 53.0% controls), with no difference by cause of death (COD) (p = 0.16) or febrile seizure history (p = 0.90). There was little agreement among nine reviewers on whether a slide was within normal range (Fleiss' κ = 0.014, p = 0.47). Within reviewer groups, there were no findings more frequent in SUDC compared with controls, with variability in pyramidal neuron and dentate gyrus findings. Across reviewer groups, there was concordance for bilamination and granule cell loss. Neither SUDC (51.2%) nor control (55.9%) slides were considered contributory to determining COD (p = 0.41). Conclusions: The lack of an association of hippocampal findings in SUDC and controls, as well as inconsistency of observations by multiple blinded reviewers, indicates discrepancy with previous studies and an inability to reliably identify hippocampal maldevelopment associated with sudden death (HMASD). These findings underscore a need for larger studies to standardise evaluation of hippocampal findings, identifying the range of normal variation and changes unrelated to SUDC or febrile seizures. Molecular studies may help identify novel immunohistological markers that inform on COD.
MeSH term(s)	Brain/pathology ; Child ; Death, Sudden/pathology ; Hippocampus/pathology ; Humans ; Neuropathology ; Seizures, Febrile/complications ; Seizures, Febrile/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80371-6
ISSN	1365-2990 ; 0305-1846
ISSN (online)	1365-2990
ISSN	0305-1846
DOI	10.1111/nan.12746
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Article: Self-adjuvanting bacterial vectors expressing pre-erythrocytic antigens induce sterile protection against malaria.

Bergmann-Leitner, Elke S / Hosie, Heather / Trichilo, Jessica / Deriso, Elizabeth / Ranallo, Ryan T / Alefantis, Timothy / Savranskaya, Tatyana / Grewal, Paul / Ockenhouse, Christian F / Venkatesan, Malabi M / Delvecchio, Vito G / Angov, Evelina

Frontiers in immunology

2013 Volume 4, Page(s) 176

Abstract: Genetically inactivated, Gram-negative bacteria that express malaria vaccine candidates represent a promising novel self-adjuvanting vaccine approach. Antigens expressed on particulate bacterial carriers not only target directly to antigen-presenting ... ...

Abstract	Genetically inactivated, Gram-negative bacteria that express malaria vaccine candidates represent a promising novel self-adjuvanting vaccine approach. Antigens expressed on particulate bacterial carriers not only target directly to antigen-presenting cells but also provide a strong danger signal thus circumventing the requirement for potent extraneous adjuvants. E. coli expressing malarial antigens resulted in the induction of either Th1 or Th2 biased responses that were dependent on both antigen and sub-cellular localization. Some of these constructs induced higher quality humoral responses compared to recombinant protein and most importantly they were able to induce sterile protection against sporozoite challenge in a murine model of malaria. In light of these encouraging results, two major Plasmodium falciparum pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine targets, the Cell-Traversal protein for Ookinetes and Sporozoites (CelTOS) fused to the Maltose-binding protein in the periplasmic space and the Circumsporozoite Protein (CSP) fused to the Outer membrane (OM) protein A in the OM were expressed in a clinically relevant, attenuated Shigella strain (Shigella flexneri 2a). This type of live-attenuated vector has previously undergone clinical investigations as a vaccine against shigellosis. Using this novel delivery platform for malaria, we find that vaccination with the whole-organism represents an effective vaccination alternative that induces protective efficacy against sporozoite challenge. Shigella GeMI-Vax expressing malaria targets warrant further evaluation to determine their full potential as a dual disease, multivalent, self-adjuvanting vaccine system, against both shigellosis, and malaria.
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-07-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2606827-8
ISSN	1664-3224
ISSN	1664-3224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2013.00176
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Article: Mitochondrial oxidative stress in human hepatoma cells exposed to stavudine.

Velsor, Leonard W / Kovacevic, Miro / Goldstein, Mark / Leitner, Heather M / Lewis, William / Day, Brian J

Toxicology and applied pharmacology

2004 Volume 199, Issue 1, Page(s) 10–19

Abstract: The toxicity of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) is linked to altered mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication and subsequent disruption of cellular energetics. This manifests clinically as elevated concentrations of lactate in plasma. ... ...

Abstract	The toxicity of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) is linked to altered mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication and subsequent disruption of cellular energetics. This manifests clinically as elevated concentrations of lactate in plasma. The mechanism(s) underlying how the changes in mtDNA replication lead to lactic acidosis remains unclear. It is hypothesized that mitochondrial oxidative stress links the changes in mtDNA replication to mitochondrial dysfunction and ensuing NRTIs toxicity. To test this hypothesis, changes in mitochondrial function, mtDNA amplification efficiency, and oxidative stress were assessed in HepG2-cultured human hepatoblasts treated with the NRTI stavudine (2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-deoxythymidine or d4T) for 48 h. d4T produced significant mitochondrial dysfunction with a 1.5-fold increase in cellular lactate to pyruvate ratios. In addition, d4T caused a dose-dependent decrease in mtDNA amplification and a correlative increase in abundance of markers of mitochondrial oxidative stress. Manganese (III) meso-tetrakis (4-benzoic acid) porphyrin, MnTBAP, a catalytic antioxidant, ameliorated or reversed d4T-induced changes in cell injury, energetics, mtDNA amplification, and mitochondrial oxidative stress. In conclusion, d4T treatment elevates mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), enhances mitochondrial oxidative stress, and contributes mechanistically to NRTI-induced toxicity. These deleterious events may be potentiated in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection itself, coinfection (e.g., viral hepatitis), aging, substance, and alcohol use.
MeSH term(s)	Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; DNA Replication/drug effects ; DNA, Mitochondrial/drug effects ; DNA, Mitochondrial/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Mitochondria, Liver/drug effects ; Mitochondria, Liver/metabolism ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/toxicity ; Stavudine/toxicity ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
Chemical Substances	DNA, Mitochondrial ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ; Stavudine (BO9LE4QFZF)
Language	English
Publishing date	2004-08-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	204477-8
ISSN	1096-0333 ; 0041-008X
ISSN (online)	1096-0333
ISSN	0041-008X
DOI	10.1016/j.taap.2004.03.005
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Article ; Online: Behavioral responses of terrestrial mammals to COVID-19 lockdowns.

Tucker, Marlee A / Schipper, Aafke M / Adams, Tempe S F / Attias, Nina / Avgar, Tal / Babic, Natarsha L / Barker, Kristin J / Bastille-Rousseau, Guillaume / Behr, Dominik M / Belant, Jerrold L / Beyer, Dean E / Blaum, Niels / Blount, J David / Bockmühl, Dirk / Pires Boulhosa, Ricardo Luiz / Brown, Michael B / Buuveibaatar, Bayarbaatar / Cagnacci, Francesca / Calabrese, Justin M /

Černe, Rok / Chamaillé-Jammes, Simon / Chan, Aung Nyein / Chase, Michael J / Chaval, Yannick / Chenaux-Ibrahim, Yvette / Cherry, Seth G / Ćirović, Duško / Çoban, Emrah / Cole, Eric K / Conlee, Laura / Courtemanch, Alyson / Cozzi, Gabriele / Davidson, Sarah C / DeBloois, Darren / Dejid, Nandintsetseg / DeNicola, Vickie / Desbiez, Arnaud L J / Douglas-Hamilton, Iain / Drake, David / Egan, Michael / Eikelboom, Jasper A J / Fagan, William F / Farmer, Morgan J / Fennessy, Julian / Finnegan, Shannon P / Fleming, Christen H / Fournier, Bonnie / Fowler, Nicholas L / Gantchoff, Mariela G / Garnier, Alexandre / Gehr, Benedikt / Geremia, Chris / Goheen, Jacob R / Hauptfleisch, Morgan L / Hebblewhite, Mark / Heim, Morten / Hertel, Anne G / Heurich, Marco / Hewison, A J Mark / Hodson, James / Hoffman, Nicholas / Hopcraft, J Grant C / Huber, Djuro / Isaac, Edmund J / Janik, Karolina / Ježek, Miloš / Johansson, Örjan / Jordan, Neil R / Kaczensky, Petra / Kamaru, Douglas N / Kauffman, Matthew J / Kautz, Todd M / Kays, Roland / Kelly, Allicia P / Kindberg, Jonas / Krofel, Miha / Kusak, Josip / Lamb, Clayton T / LaSharr, Tayler N / Leimgruber, Peter / Leitner, Horst / Lierz, Michael / Linnell, John D C / Lkhagvaja, Purevjav / Long, Ryan A / López-Bao, José Vicente / Loretto, Matthias-Claudio / Marchand, Pascal / Martin, Hans / Martinez, Lindsay A / McBride, Roy T / McLaren, Ashley A D / Meisingset, Erling / Melzheimer, Joerg / Merrill, Evelyn H / Middleton, Arthur D / Monteith, Kevin L / Moore, Seth A / Van Moorter, Bram / Morellet, Nicolas / Morrison, Thomas / Müller, Rebekka / Mysterud, Atle / Noonan, Michael J / O'Connor, David / Olson, Daniel / Olson, Kirk A / Ortega, Anna C / Ossi, Federico / Panzacchi, Manuela / Patchett, Robert / Patterson, Brent R / de Paula, Rogerio Cunha / Payne, John / Peters, Wibke / Petroelje, Tyler R / Pitcher, Benjamin J / Pokorny, Boštjan / Poole, Kim / Potočnik, Hubert / Poulin, Marie-Pier / Pringle, Robert M / Prins, Herbert H T / Ranc, Nathan / Reljić, Slaven / Robb, Benjamin / Röder, Ralf / Rolandsen, Christer M / Rutz, Christian / Salemgareyev, Albert R / Samelius, Gustaf / Sayine-Crawford, Heather / Schooler, Sarah / Şekercioğlu, Çağan H / Selva, Nuria / Semenzato, Paola / Sergiel, Agnieszka / Sharma, Koustubh / Shawler, Avery L / Signer, Johannes / Silovský, Václav / Silva, João Paulo / Simon, Richard / Smiley, Rachel A / Smith, Douglas W / Solberg, Erling J / Ellis-Soto, Diego / Spiegel, Orr / Stabach, Jared / Stacy-Dawes, Jenna / Stahler, Daniel R / Stephenson, John / Stewart, Cheyenne / Strand, Olav / Sunde, Peter / Svoboda, Nathan J / Swart, Jonathan / Thompson, Jeffrey J / Toal, Katrina L / Uiseb, Kenneth / VanAcker, Meredith C / Velilla, Marianela / Verzuh, Tana L / Wachter, Bettina / Wagler, Brittany L / Whittington, Jesse / Wikelski, Martin / Wilmers, Christopher C / Wittemyer, George / Young, Julie K / Zięba, Filip / Zwijacz-Kozica, Tomasz / Huijbregts, Mark A J / Mueller, Thomas

Science (New York, N.Y.)

2023 Volume 380, Issue 6649, Page(s) 1059–1064

Abstract: COVID-19 lockdowns in early 2020 reduced human mobility, providing an opportunity to disentangle its effects on animals from those of landscape modifications. Using GPS data, we compared movements and road avoidance of 2300 terrestrial mammals (43 ... ...

Abstract	COVID-19 lockdowns in early 2020 reduced human mobility, providing an opportunity to disentangle its effects on animals from those of landscape modifications. Using GPS data, we compared movements and road avoidance of 2300 terrestrial mammals (43 species) during the lockdowns to the same period in 2019. Individual responses were variable with no change in average movements or road avoidance behavior, likely due to variable lockdown conditions. However, under strict lockdowns 10-day 95th percentile displacements increased by 73%, suggesting increased landscape permeability. Animals' 1-hour 95th percentile displacements declined by 12% and animals were 36% closer to roads in areas of high human footprint, indicating reduced avoidance during lockdowns. Overall, lockdowns rapidly altered some spatial behaviors, highlighting variable but substantial impacts of human mobility on wildlife worldwide.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Animals, Wild/physiology ; Animals, Wild/psychology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Mammals/physiology ; Mammals/psychology ; Movement ; Quarantine ; Animal Migration
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	128410-1
ISSN	1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
ISSN (online)	1095-9203
ISSN	0036-8075
DOI	10.1126/science.abo6499
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Book ; Online: Behavioral responses of terrestrial mammals to COVID-19 lockdowns

Tucker, Marlee A. / Schipper, Aafke M. / Adams, Tempe S.F. / Attias, Nina / Avgar, Tal / Babic, Natarsha L. / Barker, Kristin J. / Bastille-Rousseau, Guillaume / Behr, Dominik M. / Belant, Jerrold L. / Beyer, Dean E. / Blaum, Niels / Blount, J.D. / Bockmühl, Dirk / Boulhosa, Ricardo Luiz Pires / Brown, Michael B. / Buuveibaatar, Bayarbaatar / Cagnacci, Francesca / Calabrese, Justin M. /

Černe, Rok / Chamaillé-Jammes, Simon / Chan, Aung Nyein / Chase, Michael J. / Chaval, Yannick / Chenaux-Ibrahim, Yvette / Cherry, Seth G. / Ćirović, Duško / Çoban, Emrah / Cole, Eric K. / Conlee, Laura / Courtemanch, Alyson / Cozzi, Gabriele / Davidson, Sarah C. / DeBloois, Darren / Dejid, Nandintsetseg / DeNicola, Vickie / Desbiez, Arnaud L.J. / Douglas-Hamilton, Iain / Drake, David / Egan, Michael / Eikelboom, Jasper A.J. / Fagan, William F. / Farmer, Morgan J. / Fennessy, Julian / Finnegan, Shannon P. / Fleming, Christen H. / Fournier, Bonnie / Fowler, Nicholas L. / Gantchoff, Mariela G. / Garnier, Alexandre / Gehr, Benedikt / Geremia, Chris / Goheen, Jacob R. / Hauptfleisch, Morgan L. / Hebblewhite, Mark / Heim, Morten / Hertel, Anne G. / Heurich, Marco / Hewison, A.J.M. / Hodson, James / Hoffman, Nicholas / Hopcraft, J.G.C. / Huber, Djuro / Isaac, Edmund J. / Janik, Karolina / Ježek, Miloš / Johansson, Örjan / Jordan, Neil R. / Kaczensky, Petra / Kamaru, Douglas N. / Kauffman, Matthew J. / Kautz, Todd M. / Kays, Roland / Kelly, Allicia P. / Kindberg, Jonas / Krofel, Miha / Kusak, Josip / Lamb, Clayton T. / LaSharr, Tayler N. / Leimgruber, Peter / Leitner, Horst / Lierz, Michael / Linnell, John D.C. / Lkhagvaja, Purevjav / Long, Ryan A. / López-Bao, José Vicente / Loretto, Matthias Claudio / Marchand, Pascal / Martin, Hans / Martinez, Lindsay A. / McBride, Roy T. / McLaren, Ashley A.D. / Meisingset, Erling / Melzheimer, Joerg / Merrill, Evelyn H. / Middleton, Arthur D. / Monteith, Kevin L. / Moore, Seth A. / Van Moorter, Bram / Morellet, Nicolas / Morrison, Thomas / Müller, Rebekka / Mysterud, Atle / Noonan, Michael J. / O’Connor, David / Olson, Daniel / Olson, Kirk A. / Ortega, Anna C. / Ossi, Federico / Panzacchi, Manuela / Patchett, Robert / Patterson, Brent R. / de Paula, Rogerio Cunha / Payne, John / Peters, Wibke / Petroelje, Tyler R. / Pitcher, Benjamin J. / Pokorny, Boštjan / Poole, Kim / Potočnik, Hubert / Poulin, Marie Pier / Pringle, Robert M. / Prins, Herbert H.T. / Ranc, Nathan / Reljić, Slaven / Robb, Benjamin / Röder, Ralf / Rolandsen, Christer M. / Rutz, Christian / Salemgareyev, Albert R. / Samelius, Gustaf / Sayine-Crawford, Heather / Schooler, Sarah / Şekercioğlu, Çağan H. / Selva, Nuria / Semenzato, Paola / Sergiel, Agnieszka / Sharma, Koustubh / Shawler, Avery L. / Signer, Johannes / Silovský, Václav / Silva, João Paulo / Simon, Richard / Smiley, Rachel A. / Smith, Douglas W. / Solberg, Erling J. / Ellis-Soto, Diego / Spiegel, Orr / Stabach, Jared / Stacy-Dawes, Jenna / Stahler, Daniel R. / Stephenson, John / Stewart, Cheyenne / Strand, Olav / Sunde, Peter / Svoboda, Nathan J. / Swart, Jonathan / Thompson, Jeffrey J. / Toal, Katrina L. / Uiseb, Kenneth / VanAcker, Meredith C. / Velilla, Marianela / Verzuh, Tana L. / Wachter, Bettina / Wagler, Brittany L. / Whittington, Jesse / Wikelski, Martin / Wilmers, Christopher C. / Wittemyer, George / Young, Julie K. / Ziba, Filip / Zwijacz-Kozica, Tomasz / Huijbregts, Mark A.J. / Mueller, Thomas

2023

Abstract	COVID-19 lockdowns in early 2020 reduced human mobility, providing an opportunity to disentangle its effects on animals from those of landscape modifications. Using GPS data, we compared movements and road avoidance of 2300 terrestrial mammals (43 species) during the lockdowns to the same period in 2019. Individual responses were variable with no change in average movements or road avoidance behavior, likely due to variable lockdown conditions. However, under strict lockdowns 10-day 95th percentile displacements increased by 73%, suggesting increased landscape permeability. Animals’ 1-hour 95th percentile displacements declined by 12% and animals were 36% closer to roads in areas of high human footprint, indicating reduced avoidance during lockdowns. Overall, lockdowns rapidly altered some spatial behaviors, highlighting variable but substantial impacts of human mobility on wildlife worldwide.
Keywords	Life Science
Language	English
Publisher	Dryad
Publishing country	nl
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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