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Article ; Online: Impact of COVID-19 epidemic on temporal pattern of new HIV diagnoses in Italy, 2021 database.

Dorrucci, Maria / Regine, Vincenza / Pugliese, Lucia / Suligoi, Barbara

2023 Volume 33, Issue 6, Page(s) 1171–1176

Abstract: Background: New HIV diagnoses in Italy decreased drastically in 2020 due to COVID-19 related effects: 50% fewer diagnoses were reported by the National HIV Surveillance System. COVID-19 pandemic impact on HIV surveillance is unclear. We estimated the ... ...

Abstract	Background: New HIV diagnoses in Italy decreased drastically in 2020 due to COVID-19 related effects: 50% fewer diagnoses were reported by the National HIV Surveillance System. COVID-19 pandemic impact on HIV surveillance is unclear. We estimated the expected number of new HIV diagnoses in 2020 in order to isolate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We analyzed 29 697 new HIV infections diagnosed from 2012 to 2020, reported to the National HIV Surveillance System. We assessed temporal trends of new HIV diagnoses applying negative binomial mixed effects models. We estimated the COVID-19 impact as the difference between the model-estimated slopes from 2012 to 2019 and the change reported in the diagnoses. The expected number of new HIV diagnoses in 2020 was also estimated and compared with the reported count. Results: Based on the historical trend, we expected a 15% (95% CI: 5-25%) decline of new HIV diagnoses in 2020. We reported, however, a 49% decrease, yielding to a 34% net decrease in the number of new diagnoses. The strongest impact was estimated in northern regions (-40%) and MSM (-38%). We estimated 761 (95% prediction interval: 350-1277) missed diagnoses during 2020, the majority of them occurring in the North (465 cases), among MSM (416) and heterosexual males (217). Conclusions: In 2020, when excluding 15% decrease of new diagnoses attributable to the expected reduction, an additional 34% decrease was observed, representing a large decline in new HIV diagnoses associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; HIV Infections/diagnosis ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Homosexuality, Male ; Pandemics ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Sexual and Gender Minorities ; Italy/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1129243-x
ISSN	1464-360X ; 1101-1262
ISSN (online)	1464-360X
ISSN	1101-1262
DOI	10.1093/eurpub/ckad156
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Article: Epidemiologia dell'infezione da HIV: attuali acquisizioni.

Dorrucci, Maria

Recenti progressi in medicina

2010 Volume 101, Issue 1, Page(s) 12–15

Abstract: In this decade, the global prevalence of HIV-1 infection stabilized at 0.8% (range: 0.7-0.9%). However, important regional differences in trends and mode of transmission: Sub-Saharan Africa is the most affected by HIV. Since 2001, the number of people ... ...

Title translation	Epidemiology of HIV. Update.
Abstract	In this decade, the global prevalence of HIV-1 infection stabilized at 0.8% (range: 0.7-0.9%). However, important regional differences in trends and mode of transmission: Sub-Saharan Africa is the most affected by HIV. Since 2001, the number of people with HIV in Eastern Europe and Central Asia increased from 650,000 to 1,5 million in 2007. Overall trends were stable in Central and Western Europe. Heterosexual and homosexual transmission accounts for the largest proportion in these regions. Transmission among injecting drug users has decreased. Similar trends have been observed in Italy: in 2007, there were 1,679 new diagnoses, equivalent to an incidence of 6,0 per 100,000 population. Over the years there has been a progressive increase in the proportion of diagnoses among women and in the median age at diagnosis, as well as changes in the exposure categories (i.e. a decrease in the proportion of injecting drug users and an increase in infections attributed to homosexual and heterosexual contacts). The era of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has resulted in a reduction of morbidity and mortality. Before the advent of cART in 1996, the main causes of morbidity and mortality in people with HIV were the opportunistic infections and malignancies AIDS associated.
MeSH term(s)	Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/methods ; Developed Countries/statistics & numerical data ; Developing Countries/statistics & numerical data ; Global Health ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/mortality ; HIV Infections/transmission ; HIV-1 ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Incidence ; Italy/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Sexual Behavior ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/complications
Language	Italian
Publishing date	2010-01
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	English Abstract ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	138266-4
ISSN	0034-1193
ISSN	0034-1193
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Article ; Online: Demographic and socio-economic determinants of poor HIV-risk perception at first HIV diagnosis: analysis of the HIV Surveillance data, Italy 2010-2016.

Dorrucci, Maria / Regine, Vincenza / Pezzotti, Patrizio / Mammone, Alessia / Girardi, Enrico / Suligoi, Barbara

Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanita

2020 Volume 56, Issue 3, Page(s) 267–276

Abstract: Introduction: HIV infections in Italy has not undergone a substantial decline over recent years. For this reason, we analysed risk-factors and socio-economic indicators of HIV-risk perception in HIV surveillance data.: Methods: An observational study ...

Abstract	Introduction: HIV infections in Italy has not undergone a substantial decline over recent years. For this reason, we analysed risk-factors and socio-economic indicators of HIV-risk perception in HIV surveillance data. Methods: An observational study was conducted and HIV-risk perception was estimated on the basis of reasons for undergoing testing. Ordinal logistic models were applied with three groups of response corresponding to three ordered levels of HIV-risk perception. Results: The study included 18 055 individuals: 27% with low, 40% moderate and 33% with high perception. A low risk perception was estimated in both areas, least deprived and highly deprived [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 1.58, CI: 1.14-2.18 and AOR = 2.33, CI: 1.39-3.90]; for heterosexuals (AOR = 1.96, CI: 1.83-2.11), Injecting Drug Users (IDU) (AOR =1.82, CI: 1.59-2.08), low education (AOR = 1.74. CI: 1.20-2.54), age > 40 years (AOR = 1.59, CI: 1.50-1.69), males (AOR = 1.30, CI: 1.20-1.40). Conclusions: In Italy there is a high percentage of HIV-infected people with poor HIV-risk perception. Poorer HIV-risk perception was associated with both, least and high deprivation, low education, older age, male gender, heterosexual and IDU groups. Our results could be relevant to address targeted HIV testing policies at both local and national levels.
MeSH term(s)	AIDS Serodiagnosis ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Attitude to Health ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Educational Status ; Female ; HIV Infections/diagnosis ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/psychology ; Humans ; Italy/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Motivation ; Odds Ratio ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care/psychology ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data ; Population Surveillance ; Risk Assessment ; Sexual Behavior ; Social Determinants of Health ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-21
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article ; Observational Study
ZDB-ID	950344-4
ISSN	2384-8553 ; 0021-2571
ISSN (online)	2384-8553
ISSN	0021-2571
DOI	10.4415/ANN_20_03_04
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Article ; Online: Association between sex hormones and anti-S/RBD antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccines in healthcare workers.

Anticoli, Simona / Dorrucci, Maria / Iessi, Elisabetta / Chiarotti, Flavia / Di Prinzio, Reparata Rosa / Vinci, Maria Rosaria / Zaffina, Salvatore / Puro, Vincenzo / Colavita, Francesca / Mizzoni, Klizia / Meschi, Silvia / Vonesch, Nicoletta / Albano, Christian / Ortona, Elena / Ruggieri, Anna / Tomao, Paola

Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics

2023 Volume 19, Issue 3, Page(s) 2273697

Abstract: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are the target population for vaccination against coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as they are at a high risk of exposure and transmission of pathogens to patients. Neutralizing antibodies developed after COVID-19 vaccination ... ...

Abstract	Healthcare workers (HCWs) are the target population for vaccination against coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as they are at a high risk of exposure and transmission of pathogens to patients. Neutralizing antibodies developed after COVID-19 vaccination decline within few months of vaccination. Several factors, including age and sex, can affect the intensity, efficacy, and duration of immune response to vaccines. However, sex-specific analyses of humoral responses to COVID-19 vaccines are lacking. This study aimed to evaluate sex-based differences in anti-S/RBD (Receptor Binding Domain) responses at three different time points after the second dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in HCWs in relation to age, and to investigate the role of sex hormones as potential markers of response. Anti-S/RBD levels after two doses of the mRNA vaccine were collected from 521 HCWs naïve to COVID-19, working at two Italian Clinical Centers. Multiple regression analysis was applied to evaluate the association between anti-S levels and sex, age, and plasma levels of sex hormones. Significantly higher anti-S/RBD response to the COVID-19 vaccination was found in female HCWs, and a significant and more abrupt decline in response with time was observed in women than that in men. A novel, positive association of testosterone plasma levels and higher anti-S levels in male HCWs was found, suggesting its potential role as sex specific marker in males. In conclusion, understanding the sex-based differences in humoral immune responses to vaccines may potentially improve vaccination strategies and optimize surveillance programs for HCWs.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Male ; Antibody Formation ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Vaccination ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Health Personnel ; Antibodies, Viral
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2664176-8
ISSN	2164-554X ; 2164-5515
ISSN (online)	2164-554X
ISSN	2164-5515
DOI	10.1080/21645515.2023.2273697
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Article ; Online: Nasopharyngeal carriage of Haemophilus influenzae among adults with co-morbidities.

Giufrè, Maria / Dorrucci, Maria / Lo Presti, Alessandra / Farchi, Francesca / Cardines, Rita / Camilli, Romina / Pimentel de Araujo, Fernanda / Mancini, Fabiola / Ciervo, Alessandra / Corongiu, Maria / Pantosti, Annalisa / Cerquetti, Marina / Valdarchi, Catia

Vaccine

2021 Volume 40, Issue 5, Page(s) 826–832

Abstract: After the widespread use of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine, H. influenzae invasive disease is now commonly due to non-encapsulated (NTHi), affecting mostly the youngest and the elderly. The objective of this study was to investigate H. ... ...

Abstract	After the widespread use of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine, H. influenzae invasive disease is now commonly due to non-encapsulated (NTHi), affecting mostly the youngest and the elderly. The objective of this study was to investigate H. influenzae nasopharyngeal carriage rate in adults with co-morbidities and possible associated risk factors. Methods: Patients aged >50 years with co-morbidities attending medical centres were examined. A nasopharyngeal swab was analysed for H. influenzae presence by cultural and molecular methods (RT-PCR). Univariable and multivariable analysis of risk factors for H. influenzae carriage were performed. Serotype of isolates was determined by PCR capsular genotyping. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by MIC gradient test and β-lactamase production was detected by the nitrocephin test. Genotyping was performed by Multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Phylogenetic relationships among carriage and invasive NTHi strains were assessed. Results: Among 248 enrolled patients (median age: 73 years), the carriage rate was 5.6% and 10.5% by cultural method or RT-PCR, respectively. Colonization with H. influenzae was significantly associated with the presence of acute respiratory symptoms (adjusted OR = 12.16, 95% CI: 3.05-48.58, p < 0.001). All colonizing isolates were NTHi. Three isolates (3/14, 21.4%) were resistant to ampicillin and beta-lactamase positive. MLST revealed a high degree of genetic diversity, with 11 different STs from 14 isolates. Eight out of the 11 (72.7%) STs were shared among carriage and invasive isolates. Conclusions: Adults ≥50 years old with co-morbidities are occasionally colonized by H. influenzae, even if the presence of co-morbidities is not a risk factor for colonization. The presence of acute respiratory symptoms is the only factor associated with H. influenzae colonization. Colonizing H. influenzae are all NTHi. Colonizing H. influenzae often belong to the same STs of invasive disease isolates.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Haemophilus Infections/epidemiology ; Haemophilus influenzae/genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Middle Aged ; Morbidity ; Multilocus Sequence Typing ; Nasopharynx ; Phylogeny
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-21
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	605674-x
ISSN	1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
ISSN (online)	1873-2518
ISSN	0264-410X
DOI	10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.12.030
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Article ; Online: Assessing COVID-19-Related Excess Mortality Using Multiple Approaches-Italy, 2020-2021.

Ceccarelli, Emiliano / Dorrucci, Maria / Minelli, Giada / Jona Lasinio, Giovanna / Prati, Sabrina / Battaglini, Marco / Corsetti, Gianni / Bella, Antonino / Boros, Stefano / Petrone, Daniele / Riccardo, Flavia / Maruotti, Antonello / Pezzotti, Patrizio

International journal of environmental research and public health

2022 Volume 19, Issue 24

Abstract: ... Dorrucci et al.) is a Negative Binomial GLM epidemiological approach; and model 3 (Scortichini et al.) is ...

Abstract	Introduction: Excess mortality (EM) is a valid indicator of COVID-19's impact on public health. Several studies regarding the estimation of EM have been conducted in Italy, and some of them have shown conflicting values. We focused on three estimation models and compared their results with respect to the same target population, which allowed us to highlight their strengths and limitations. Methods: We selected three estimation models: model 1 (Maruotti et al.) is a Negative-Binomial GLMM with seasonal patterns; model 2 (Dorrucci et al.) is a Negative Binomial GLM epidemiological approach; and model 3 (Scortichini et al.) is a quasi-Poisson GLM time-series approach with temperature distributions. We extended the time windows of the original models until December 2021, computing various EM estimates to allow for comparisons. Results: We compared the results with our benchmark, the ISS-ISTAT official estimates. Model 1 was the most consistent, model 2 was almost identical, and model 3 differed from the two. Model 1 was the most stable towards changes in the baseline years, while model 2 had a lower cross-validation RMSE. Discussion: Presently, an unambiguous explanation of EM in Italy is not possible. We provide a range that we consider sound, given the high variability associated with the use of different models. However, all three models accurately represented the spatiotemporal trends of the pandemic waves in Italy.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph192416998
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Article ; Online: Malaria surveillance system and Hospital Discharge Records: Assessing differences in Italy, 2011-2017 database analysis.

Dorrucci, Maria / Boccolini, Daniela / Bella, Antonino / Lucarelli, Claudia / D'Amato, Stefania / Caraglia, Anna / Maraglino, Francesco Paolo / Severini, Carlo / Gradoni, Luigi / Pezzotti, Patrizio

Travel medicine and infectious disease

2022 Volume 48, Page(s) 102322

Abstract: Background: In Italy, surveillance through mandatory notification of cases to the National Surveillance System (NSS) has shown evidence of underreporting over the years. To evaluate the overall quality of malaria dataset, Hospital Discharge Records ( ... ...

Abstract	Background: In Italy, surveillance through mandatory notification of cases to the National Surveillance System (NSS) has shown evidence of underreporting over the years. To evaluate the overall quality of malaria dataset, Hospital Discharge Records (HDRs) were analyzed as a second data source. Methods: Malaria cases by NSS and by HRDs were compared and analyzed from 2011-through 2017. The impact of cases was estimated by annual rates per 100,000 residents. Results: Cases reported to NSS and to HDRs were 5,149 and 6,446, respectively. The annual rate recorded by NSS increased from 1.2 per 100,000 in 2011 to 1.4 per 100,000 in 2017, a similar trend was shown by HDRs, from 1.4 per 100,000 in 2011 to 1.6 per 100,000 in 2017. Every year, the number of NSS cases was lower than HDRs cases suggesting moderate underreporting of the mandatory notification. In both data sources adult males aged 25 to 44, and non-Italian travellers visiting friends and relatives were the most affected groups; Plasmodium falciparum was the prevalent agent identified, being the imported cases originated mainly from sub-Saharan Africa. As places of diagnosis and care, both data sources indicated hospitals located in Northern Italy in over 70% of cases. Conclusions: Although the comparison of malaria cases highlighted some underreporting by NSS, a fair agreement between the two institutional information systems was observed. The use of both data sources improves the performance of malaria surveillance in Italy, essentially for early warning systems in case of locally-acquired events and primary prevention in international travellers.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Databases, Factual ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Italy/epidemiology ; Malaria/prevention & control ; Male ; Patient Discharge ; Plasmodium falciparum ; Travel
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-30
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2170891-5
ISSN	1873-0442 ; 1477-8939
ISSN (online)	1873-0442
ISSN	1477-8939
DOI	10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102322
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Article ; Online: People living with undiagnosed HIV infection and a low CD4 count: estimates from surveillance data, Italy, 2012 to 2014.

Regine, Vincenza / Dorrucci, Maria / Pezzotti, Patrizio / Mammone, Alessia / Quinten, Chantal / Pharris, Anastasia / Suligoi, Barbara

Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

2018 Volume 23, Issue 15

Abstract: Background and aimsLate HIV diagnosis is associated with onward HIV transmission, higher morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. In Italy, more than half of people living with HIV were diagnosed late during the last decade, with a CD4 count < 350 ... ...

Abstract	Background and aimsLate HIV diagnosis is associated with onward HIV transmission, higher morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. In Italy, more than half of people living with HIV were diagnosed late during the last decade, with a CD4 count < 350 cells/mm3 at diagnosis. We aimed to determine the number and characteristics of people living with undiagnosed HIV infection and low CD4 counts in Italy.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Disease Notification ; Epidemiological Monitoring ; Female ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Heterosexuality/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Italy/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Population Surveillance ; Prevalence ; Sexual and Gender Minorities/statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-03-19
Publishing country	Sweden
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1338803-4
ISSN	1560-7917 ; 1025-496X
ISSN (online)	1560-7917
ISSN	1025-496X
DOI	10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.15.17-00240
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Article ; Online: A population-based cohort approach to assess excess mortality due to the spread of COVID-19 in Italy, January-May 2020.

Dorrucci, Maria / Minelli, Giada / Boros, Stefano / Manno, Valerio / Prati, Sabrina / Battaglini, Marco / Corsetti, Gianni / Andrianou, Xanthi / Riccardo, Flavia / Fabiani, Massimo / Vescio, Maria Fenicia / Spuri, Matteo / Mateo-Urdiales, Alberto / Del Manso, Martina / Pezzotti, Patrizio / Bella, Antonino

Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanita

2022 Volume 58, Issue 1, Page(s) 25–33

Abstract: Aims: To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on all-cause mortality in Italy during the first wave of the epidemic, taking into consideration the geographical heterogeneity of the spread of COVID-19.: Methods: This study is a retrospective, ... ...

Abstract	Aims: To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on all-cause mortality in Italy during the first wave of the epidemic, taking into consideration the geographical heterogeneity of the spread of COVID-19. Methods: This study is a retrospective, population-based cohort study using national statistics throughout Italy. Survival analysis was applied to data aggregated by day of death, age groups, sex, and Italian administrative units (107 provinces). We applied Cox models to estimate the relative hazards (RH) of excess mortality, comparing all-cause deaths in 2020 with the expected deaths from all causes in the same time period. The RH of excess deaths was estimated in areas with a high, moderate, and low spread of COVID-19. We reported the estimate also restricting the analysis to the period of March-April 2020 (first peak of the epidemic). Results: The study population consisted of 57,204,501 individuals living in Italy as of January 1, 2020. The number of excess deaths was 36,445, which accounts for 13.4% of excess mortalities from all causes during January-May 2020 (i.e., RH = 1.134; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.129-1.140). In the macro-area with a relatively higher spread of COVID-19 (i.e., incidence rate, IR): 450-1,610 cases per 100,000 residents), the RH of excess deaths was 1.375 (95% CI: 1.364-1.386). In the area with a relatively moderate spread of COVID-19 (i.e., IR: 150-449 cases) it was 1.049 (95% CI: 1.038-1.060). In the area with a relatively lower spread of COVID-19 (i.e., IR: 30-149 cases), it was 0.967 (95% CI: 0.959-0.976). Between March and April (peak months of the first wave of the epidemic in Italy), we estimated an excess mortality from all causes of 43.5%. The RH of all-cause mortality for increments of 500 cases per 100,000 residents was 1.352 (95% CI: 1.346-1.359), corresponding to an increase of about 35%. Conclusions: Our analysis, making use of a population-based cohort model, estimated all-cause excess mortality in Italy taking account of both time period and of COVID-19 geographical spread. The study highlights the importance of a temporal/geographic framework in analyzing the risk of COVID-19-epidemy related mortality.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Cohort Studies ; Humans ; Italy/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Retrospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-25
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	950344-4
ISSN	2384-8553 ; 0021-2571
ISSN (online)	2384-8553
ISSN	0021-2571
DOI	10.4415/ANN_22_01_04
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Article: Molecular Characterization of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in a Patient with Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus.

Villano, Umbertina / Mataj, Elida / Dorrucci, Maria / Farchi, Francesca / Pirone, Carmelo / Valdarchi, Catia / Equestre, Michele / Madonna, Elisabetta / Bruni, Roberto / Pisani, Giulio / Martina, Antonio / Simeoni, Matteo / Iaiani, Giancarlo / Ciccozzi, Massimo / Ciccaglione, Anna Rita / Conti, Fabrizio / Ceccarelli, Fulvia / Lo Presti, Alessandra

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 12, Issue 11

Abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious global health problem. Patients with autoimmune diseases, such as Lupus Erythematosus, are exposed to a higher risk of acquiring infections. In this study, a molecular characterization, genomic investigation ...

Abstract	Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious global health problem. Patients with autoimmune diseases, such as Lupus Erythematosus, are exposed to a higher risk of acquiring infections. In this study, a molecular characterization, genomic investigation of the Hepatitis B virus, polymerase (P) and surface (S) genes, from a patient affected by Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (CLE), was presented. Viral DNA was extracted from 200 μL of serum, and the HBV-DNA was amplified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the Platinum Taq DNA Polymerase. The PCR products were purified and sequencing reactions were performed. A phylogenetic analysis was performed through maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches. The HBV CLE isolate was classified as sub-genotype D3 and related to other Italian HBV D3 genomes, and some from foreign countries. No drug resistant mutations were identified. One mutation (a.a. 168 M) was located in the last part of the major hydrophilic region (MHR) of the surface antigen (HBsAg). Moreover, three sites (351G, 526Y, 578C) in the polymerase were exclusively present in the CLE patient. The mutations identified exclusively in the HBsAg of our CLE patient may have been selected because of the Lupus autoantibodies, which are characteristic in the Lupus autoimmune disease, using a possible molecular mimicry mechanism.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2662336-5
ISSN	2075-4418
ISSN	2075-4418
DOI	10.3390/diagnostics12112866
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In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

Order via subito

More links

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Order via subito