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  1. Article ; Online: Amino acid usage and protein expression levels in the flatworm Schistosoma mansoni.

    Lamolle, Guillermo / Iriarte, Andrés / Simón, Diego / Musto, Héctor

    Molecular and biochemical parasitology

    2023  Volume 255, Page(s) 111581

    Abstract: ... bilharzia. At the genomic level, S. mansoni is AT-rich, but has some compositional heterogeneity. Indeed ... some regions of its genome are GC-rich, mainly in the regions located near the extreme ends of the chromosomes ... to use GC-rich codons. Here, we address the following question: are highly expressed sequences biased ...

    Abstract Schistosoma mansoni is a parasitic flatworm that causes a human disease called schistosomiasis, or bilharzia. At the genomic level, S. mansoni is AT-rich, but has some compositional heterogeneity. Indeed, some regions of its genome are GC-rich, mainly in the regions located near the extreme ends of the chromosomes. Recently, we showed that, despite the strong bias towards A/T ending codons, highly expressed genes tend to use GC-rich codons. Here, we address the following question: are highly expressed sequences biased in their amino acid frequencies? Our analyses show that these sequences in S. mansoni, as in species ranging from bacteria to human, are strongly biased in nucleotide composition. Highly expressed genes tend to use GC-rich codons (in the first and second codon positions), which code the energetically cheapest amino acids. Therefore, we conclude that amino acid usage, at least in highly expressed genes, is strongly shaped by natural selection to avoid energetically expensive residues. Whether this is an adaptation to the parasitic way of life of S. mansoni, is unclear since the same pattern occurs in free-living species.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Platyhelminths/genetics ; Schistosoma mansoni/genetics ; Amino Acids/genetics ; Codon ; Bacteria
    Chemical Substances Amino Acids ; Codon
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-19
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 756166-0
    ISSN 1872-9428 ; 0166-6851
    ISSN (online) 1872-9428
    ISSN 0166-6851
    DOI 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111581
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Public health physician perspectives on developing and deploying clinical practice guidelines during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic.

    Bandara, Thilina / Musto, Richard / Kancir, Jesse / Neudorf, Cordell

    Healthcare management forum

    2020  Volume 33, Issue 4, Page(s) 178–181

    Abstract: During the H1N1 outbreak of 2009, local public health units engaged in consultations with various levels of government to develop clinical practice guidelines. These guidelines provide specific clinical considerations around prevention, management, and ... ...

    Abstract During the H1N1 outbreak of 2009, local public health units engaged in consultations with various levels of government to develop clinical practice guidelines. These guidelines provide specific clinical considerations around prevention, management, and treatment associated with the particular pathogen involved and are used by frontline healthcare professionals across many healthcare settings. In this article, we report on the lessons learned by Medical Officers of Health from across Canada on the guideline development and deployment processes and provide suggestions to improve guidelines development and deployment during future pandemic situations.
    MeSH term(s) Canada ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Planning ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; Influenza, Human ; Leadership ; Pandemics ; Practice Patterns, Physicians' ; Public Health
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2140831-2
    ISSN 2352-3883 ; 0840-4704
    ISSN (online) 2352-3883
    ISSN 0840-4704
    DOI 10.1177/0840470420917412
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: The Core Competencies for Public Health in Canada: Opportunities and Recommendations for Modernization.

    Shephard, Rosemarie / Uy, Justine / Otterman, Victoria / Betker, Claire / Sandhu, Harman S / Tjaden, Lynda / Apatu, Emma / Di Ruggiero, Erica / Musto, Richard / Pawa, Jasmine / Steinberg, Malcolm / Payne, Elspeth / Fang, Lily

    Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP

    2024  Volume 30, Issue 3, Page(s) 432–441

    Abstract: Context: The 2008 Public Health Agency of Canada's (PHAC's) "Core Competencies for Public Health in Canada" (the "Canadian core competencies") outline the skills, attitudes, and knowledge essential for the practice of public health. The core ... ...

    Abstract Context: The 2008 Public Health Agency of Canada's (PHAC's) "Core Competencies for Public Health in Canada" (the "Canadian core competencies") outline the skills, attitudes, and knowledge essential for the practice of public health. The core competencies represent an important part of public health practice, workforce development, and education in Canada and internationally. However, the core competencies are considered outdated and are facing calls for review, expansion, and revision.
    Objective: To examine the literature on public health competencies to identify opportunities and recommendations for consideration when reviewing and updating the Canadian core competencies.
    Methods: This narrative literature review included 4 components: 3 literature searches conducted between 2021 and 2022 using similar search strategies, as well as an analysis of competency frameworks from comparable jurisdictions. The 3 searches were conducted in collaboration with the Health Library to identify core competency-relevant scholarly and gray literature published in English since 2007. Reference lists of sources identified were also reviewed. During the data extraction process, one researcher screened each source, extracted competency-relevant information, and categorized these data into key findings.
    Results: After identifying 2392 scholarly and gray literature sources, 166 competency-relevant sources were included in the review. Findings from these sources were synthesized into 3 main areas: (1) competency framework methodology and structure; (2) competencies to add; and (3) competencies to modify.
    Discussion: These findings demonstrate that updates to Canada's core competencies are needed and overdue. Recommendations to support this process include establishing a formal governance structure for the competencies' regular review, revision, and implementation, as well as ensuring that priority topics applicable across all competency categories are integrated as overarching themes. Limitations of the evidence include the potential lack of applicability and generalizability to the Canadian context, as well as biases associated with the narrative literature review methodology.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Public Health ; Canada ; Public Health Practice ; Educational Status ; Health Personnel/education
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2027860-3
    ISSN 1550-5022 ; 1078-4659
    ISSN (online) 1550-5022
    ISSN 1078-4659
    DOI 10.1097/PHH.0000000000001884
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Public health: who, what, and why?

    Cabaj, Jason L / Musto, Richard / Ghali, William A

    Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique

    2019  Volume 110, Issue 3, Page(s) 340–343

    Abstract: There has been renewed concern about the state of public health in Canada, with several recent articles in this journal suggesting that the discipline of public health is under threat and that there has been a significant erosion of its core ... ...

    Abstract There has been renewed concern about the state of public health in Canada, with several recent articles in this journal suggesting that the discipline of public health is under threat and that there has been a significant erosion of its core infrastructure. We strongly agree with the need for a well-resourced formal public health system and preservation of capacity to carry out core public health functions, while also positing a complementary narrative that emphasizes the possibility for a broad notion of public health to persevere and thrive in the face of these challenges. We consider what public health is, who public health is, and why public health exists, and suggest that the answers to these questions point to opportunities to strengthen the necessary interdisciplinary approaches that can best address current and future public health concerns.
    MeSH term(s) Canada ; Humans ; Public Health
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-04-12
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 417262-0
    ISSN 1920-7476 ; 0008-4263
    ISSN (online) 1920-7476
    ISSN 0008-4263
    DOI 10.17269/s41997-019-00207-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Health services restructuring in Alberta and the 2009 pandemic influenza-An untimely concurrence.

    Musto, Richard / MacDonald, Judy / Ulrich, Anne / Fonseca, Kevin

    Healthcare management forum

    2020  Volume 33, Issue 4, Page(s) 170–173

    Abstract: In the last 12 years, every Canadian province and territory has undertaken significant health services restructuring, with the pace of change accelerating recently. When the H1N1 Pandemic Influenza (PI) hit Alberta in the spring of 2009, the province had ...

    Abstract In the last 12 years, every Canadian province and territory has undertaken significant health services restructuring, with the pace of change accelerating recently. When the H1N1 Pandemic Influenza (PI) hit Alberta in the spring of 2009, the province had just begun a restructuring of health services of a scale unprecedented in Canada. The new province-wide entity, Alberta Health Services (AHS), was faced with mounting an effective response to a global communicable disease outbreak during a time of great organizational flux. In this retrospective, the authors reflect on challenges and opportunities presented during the AHS PI response related to the coordination of public health, laboratory services, emergency and disaster management, communications, and health services delivery. Lessons learned are shared that may be helpful to other provinces and territories as they continue to evolve their systems, so that they may be better prepared to respond to an untimely event such as a pandemic.
    MeSH term(s) Alberta/epidemiology ; Health Services Administration ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology ; Organizational Innovation ; Pandemics ; Public Health
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2140831-2
    ISSN 2352-3883 ; 0840-4704
    ISSN (online) 2352-3883
    ISSN 0840-4704
    DOI 10.1177/0840470420909121
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Codon Usage Bias: An Endless Tale.

    Iriarte, Andrés / Lamolle, Guillermo / Musto, Héctor

    Journal of molecular evolution

    2021  Volume 89, Issue 9-10, Page(s) 589–593

    Abstract: ... that GC- poor species display a general bias towards A/T codons while the reverse is true for GC- rich ...

    Abstract Since the genetic code is degenerate, several codons are translated to the same amino acid. Although these triplets were historically considered to be "synonymous" and therefore expected to be used at rather equal frequencies in all genomes, we now know that this is not the case. Indeed, since several coding sequences were obtained in the late '70s and early '80s in the last century, coming from either the same or different species, it was evident that (a) each genome, taken globally, displayed different codon usage patterns, which means that different genomes display a particular global codon usage table when all genes are considered together, and (b) there is a strong intragenomic diversity: in other words, within a given species the codon usage pattern can (and usually do) differ greatly among genes in the same genome. These different patterns were attributed to two main factors: first, the mutational bias characteristic of each genome, which determines that GC- poor species display a general bias towards A/T codons while the reverse is true for GC- rich species. Second, the differences in codon usage among genes from the same species are due to natural selection acting at the level of translation, in such a way that highly expressed genes tend to use codons that match with the most abundant isoacceptor tRNAs. Thus, these genes are translated at a highest rate, which in turn leads to avoid the limiting factor in translation which is the number of available ribosomes per cell. Although these explanations are still valid, new factors are almost constantly postulated to affect codon usage. In this mini review, we shall try to summarize them.
    MeSH term(s) Codon/genetics ; Codon Usage ; Genetic Code ; RNA, Transfer/genetics ; Selection, Genetic
    Chemical Substances Codon ; RNA, Transfer (9014-25-9)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-12
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 120148-7
    ISSN 1432-1432 ; 0022-2844
    ISSN (online) 1432-1432
    ISSN 0022-2844
    DOI 10.1007/s00239-021-10027-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: The Governance of Core Competencies for Public Health: A Rapid Review of the Literature.

    Sandhu, Harman Singh / Otterman, Victoria / Tjaden, Lynda / Shephard, Rosemarie / Apatu, Emma / Di Ruggiero, Erica / Musto, Richard / Pawa, Jasmine / Steinberg, Malcolm / Betker, Claire

    Public health reviews

    2023  Volume 44, Page(s) 1606110

    Abstract: Core competencies for public health (CCPH) define the knowledge, skills, and attitudes required of a public health workforce. Although numerous sets of CCPH have been established, few studies have systematically examined the governance of competency ... ...

    Abstract Core competencies for public health (CCPH) define the knowledge, skills, and attitudes required of a public health workforce. Although numerous sets of CCPH have been established, few studies have systematically examined the governance of competency development, review, and monitoring, which is critical to their implementation and impact. This rapid review included 42 articles. The findings identified examples of collaboration and community engagement in governing activities (e.g., using the Delphi method to develop CCPH) and different ways of approaching CCPH review and revision (e.g., every 3 years). Insights on monitoring and resource management were scarce. Preliminary lessons emerging from the findings point towards the need for systems, structures, and processes that support ongoing reviews, revisions, and monitoring of CCPH.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-12
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 217531-9
    ISSN 2107-6952 ; 0301-0422
    ISSN (online) 2107-6952
    ISSN 0301-0422
    DOI 10.3389/phrs.2023.1606110
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Amino acid usage and protein expression levels in the flatworm Schistosoma mansoni

    Lamolle, Guillermo / Iriarte, Andrés / Simón, Diego / Musto, Héctor

    Molecular & Biochemical Parasitology. 2023 July 19, p.111581-

    2023  , Page(s) 111581–

    Abstract: ... bilharzia. At the genomic level, S. mansoni is AT-rich, but it has some compositional heterogeneity. Indeed ... some regions of its genome are GC-rich, mainly in the regions located near the extreme ends of the chromosomes ... to use GC-rich codons. Here, we address the following question: are highly expressed sequences biased ...

    Abstract Schistosoma mansoni is a parasitic flatworm that causes a human disease called schistosomiasis, or bilharzia. At the genomic level, S. mansoni is AT-rich, but it has some compositional heterogeneity. Indeed, some regions of its genome are GC-rich, mainly in the regions located near the extreme ends of the chromosomes. Recently, we showed that, despite the strong bias towards A/T ending codons, highly expressed genes tend to use GC-rich codons. Here, we address the following question: are highly expressed sequences biased in their amino acid frequencies? Our analyses show that these sequences in S. mansoni, as in species ranging from bacteria to human, are strongly biased in nucleotide composition. Highly expressed genes tend to use GC-rich codons (in the first and second codon positions), which code the energetically cheapest amino acids. Therefore, we conclude that amino acid usage, at least in highly expressed genes, is strongly shaped by natural selection to avoid energetically expensive residues. Whether this is an adaptation to the parasitic way of life of S. mansoni, is unclear since the same pattern occurs in free-living species.
    Keywords Schistosoma mansoni ; amino acids ; codons ; genomics ; human diseases ; humans ; natural selection ; parasitology ; protein synthesis ; schistosomiasis ; CDS ; GC ; amino acid cost ; expression levels ; hydropathy ; neglected tropical disease ; snail fever
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-0719
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note Pre-press version
    ZDB-ID 756166-0
    ISSN 1872-9428 ; 0166-6851
    ISSN (online) 1872-9428
    ISSN 0166-6851
    DOI 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111581
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Article ; Online: Guaiane-rich phytochemical profile of Centaurea kotschyi subsp. persica (Boiss.) Wagenitz and identification of hypoglycaemic metabolites.

    Serino, Elena / Chianese, Giuseppina / Musto, Giorgia / Zengin, Gökhan / Rigano, Daniela / Stornaiuolo, Mariano / Formisano, Carmen / Taglialatela-Scafati, Orazio

    Phytochemistry

    2022  Volume 199, Page(s) 113189

    Abstract: Phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts obtained from the Turkish plant Centaurea kotschyi subsp. persica led to the isolation of nine sesquiterpene lactones belonging to the guaiane class, including the undescribed kotschyols A and B, a ... ...

    Abstract Phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts obtained from the Turkish plant Centaurea kotschyi subsp. persica led to the isolation of nine sesquiterpene lactones belonging to the guaiane class, including the undescribed kotschyols A and B, a monoterpene lactone (daphnauranin E), four known lignans (matairesinol, matairesinoside, arctiin and arctigenin) and an undescribed dihydrobenzofuran neolignan (4-O-glucosylcrataegifin A). The structures of these compounds were defined by spectroscopic analysis, including ECD and 1D/2D NMR, and chemical conversion. Spurred from the traditional use of C. kotschyi subsp. persica and previous reports on the activity of its extracts, the isolated compounds were evaluated for their hypoglycaemic activity disclosing the bioactive components.
    MeSH term(s) Centaurea/chemistry ; Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology ; Lactones/chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Phytochemicals/analysis ; Plant Components, Aerial/chemistry ; Sesquiterpenes/chemistry ; Sesquiterpenes, Guaiane
    Chemical Substances Hypoglycemic Agents ; Lactones ; Phytochemicals ; Sesquiterpenes ; Sesquiterpenes, Guaiane ; guaiane
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208884-8
    ISSN 1873-3700 ; 0031-9422
    ISSN (online) 1873-3700
    ISSN 0031-9422
    DOI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113189
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Factors influencing the implementation of integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) by healthcare workers at public health centers & dispensaries in Mwanza, Tanzania.

    Kiplagat, Augustine / Musto, Richard / Mwizamholya, Damas / Morona, Domenica

    BMC public health

    2014  Volume 14, Page(s) 277

    Abstract: Background: Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) was developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations International Children's Fund (UNICEF) and aims at reducing childhood morbidity and mortality in resource-limited ... ...

    Abstract Background: Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) was developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations International Children's Fund (UNICEF) and aims at reducing childhood morbidity and mortality in resource-limited settings including Tanzania. It was introduced in 1996 and has been scaled up in all districts in the country. The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing the implementation of IMCI in the health facilities in Mwanza, Tanzania since reports indicates that the guidelines are not full adhered to by the healthcare workers.
    Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used and a sample size of 95 healthcare workers drawn from health centers and dispensaries within Mwanza city were interviewed using self-administered questionnaires. Structured interview was also used to get views from the city IMCI focal person and the 2 facilitators. Data were analyzed using SPSS and presented using figures and tables.
    Results: Only 51% of healthcare workers interviewed had been trained. 69% of trained Healthcare workers expressed understanding of the IMCI approach. Most of the respondents (77%) had a positive attitude that IMCI approach was a better approach in managing common childhood illnesses especially with the reality of resource constraint in the health facilities. The main challenges identified in the implementation of IMCI are low initial training coverage among health care workers, lack of essential drugs and supplies, lack of onsite mentoring and lack of refresher courses and regular supportive supervision. Supporting the healthcare workers through training, onsite mentoring, supportive supervision and strengthening the healthcare system through increasing access to essential medicines, vaccines, strengthening supply chain management, increasing healthcare financing, improving leadership & management were the major interventions that could assist in IMCI implementation.
    Conclusions: The healthcare workers can implement better IMCI through the collaboration of supervisors, IMCI focal person, Council Health Management Teams (CHMT) and other stakeholders interested in child health. However, significant barriers impede a sustainable IMCI implementation. Recommendations have been made related to supportive supervision and HealthCare system strengthening among others.
    MeSH term(s) Attitude of Health Personnel ; Child ; Child Welfare ; Cooperative Behavior ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Delivery of Health Care, Integrated/organization & administration ; Disease Management ; Health Facilities ; Health Personnel/education ; Humans ; Public Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tanzania ; World Health Organization
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-03-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1471-2458
    ISSN (online) 1471-2458
    DOI 10.1186/1471-2458-14-277
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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