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Article: Auditory Processing and Speech-Sound Disorders.

Drosos, Konstantinos / Papanicolaou, Alexandra / Voniati, Louiza / Panayidou, Klea / Thodi, Chryssoula

2024 Volume 14, Issue 3

Abstract: Background: Speech-sound disorders (SSD) have been linked to auditory processing difficulties, and auditory processing disorders (APD) have been related to phonological awareness and literacy development. To this date, there has not been a systematic ... ...

Abstract	Background: Speech-sound disorders (SSD) have been linked to auditory processing difficulties, and auditory processing disorders (APD) have been related to phonological awareness and literacy development. To this date, there has not been a systematic literature review investigating the results of psychophysiology and language assessments related to SSD and APD in children. Methods: The literature search was conducted in PubMed, Medline EBSCO, and Scopus to identify studies with children diagnosed/suspected of having APDs and SSDs. The quality of methodology in the selected articles was evaluated with the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Results: Seven out of 378 relevant studies met the selection criteria. The findings were summarized for children with SSD and APD based on (a) metalinguistic and literacy skills, (b) cognitive abilities, and (c) temporal processing abilities. Three articles indicated that children with APD and SSD exhibit lower temporal task accuracy and reaction time. In two studies, children with SSD exhibited lower scores in discrimination, sequencing, and recall of brief stimuli in rapid succession. Conclusions: This review revealed associations between SSD severity and APD that may underline low performance in metalinguistic skills. Diagnostic assessments have been proposed based on the review to adequately identify children with SSD and APD and provide useful information for more suitable intervention.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2651993-8
ISSN	2076-3425
ISSN	2076-3425
DOI	10.3390/brainsci14030291
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Article ; Online: An acoustic and auditory analysis of vocants in infants with cochlear implants.

Binos, Paris / Thodi, Chryssoula / Vogazianos, Paris / Psillas, George / Constantinidis, Jiannis

Logopedics, phoniatrics, vocology

2020 Volume 46, Issue 1, Page(s) 28–34

Abstract: Introduction: The duration of the nuclei is a crucial factor for the shift of prelexical to mature speech, since control of duration is closely related with improved speech intelligibility.: Objectives: This work records the suprasegmental feature of ...

Abstract	Introduction: The duration of the nuclei is a crucial factor for the shift of prelexical to mature speech, since control of duration is closely related with improved speech intelligibility. Objectives: This work records the suprasegmental feature of duration in infants with normal hearing (NH) compared to those with cochlear implants (CI) based on vocant productions (quasivowels and full vowels). Materinals and methods: In this longitudinal study, 102 vocant productions were analyzed from cases of congenitally hearing-impaired infants (implantation ages 1:4 and 1:11 years; post-implant ages 0:6 months and 1:3 years) who were matched with three NH infants of similar hearing experience (ages 0:8-0:11 months). Current methodology analyzes vocants using a combination of acoustical and auditory analyses. Vegetative data or reflexive sounds were excluded. Participants had had unknown deafness etiology and no other disabilities. Duration was measured using wideband spectrographic analysis, from voice onset to the loss of audible signal and the decrease of higher formant's energy. Results: The results showed that the mean vocant duration of young CI users was longer, compared to hearing matched peers during the first six months after cochlear implantation. Conclusions: This recorded weakness for CI users' speech production is a challenge for future work in speech processing strategies. This is the first study measuring production of vocants during the pre-linguistic stage in CI recipients.
MeSH term(s)	Acoustics ; Child ; Cochlear Implantation ; Cochlear Implants ; Deafness/surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Longitudinal Studies ; Speech Intelligibility ; Speech Perception ; Voice Quality
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1340538-x
ISSN	1651-2022 ; 1401-5439
ISSN (online)	1651-2022
ISSN	1401-5439
DOI	10.1080/14015439.2020.1724325
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Article ; Online: Web- and app-based tools for remote hearing assessment: a scoping review.

Almufarrij, Ibrahim / Dillon, Harvey / Dawes, Piers / Moore, David R / Yeung, Wai / Charalambous, Anna-Pavlina / Thodi, Chryssoula / Munro, Kevin J

International journal of audiology

2022 Volume 62, Issue 8, Page(s) 699–712

Abstract: Objective: Remote hearing screening and assessment may improve access to, and uptake of, hearing care. This review, the most comprehensive to date, aimed to (i) identify and assess functionality of remote hearing assessment tools on smartphones and ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Remote hearing screening and assessment may improve access to, and uptake of, hearing care. This review, the most comprehensive to date, aimed to (i) identify and assess functionality of remote hearing assessment tools on smartphones and online platforms, (ii) determine if assessed tools were also evaluated in peer-reviewed publications and (iii) report accuracy of existing validation data. Design: Protocol was registered in INPLASY and reported according to PRISMA-Extension for Scoping Reviews. Study sample: In total, 187 remote hearing assessment tools (using tones, speech, self-report or a combination) and 101 validation studies met the inclusion criteria. Quality, functionality, bias and applicability of each app were assessed by at least two authors. Results: Assessed tools showed considerable variability in functionality. Twenty-two (12%) tools were peer-reviewed and 14 had acceptable functionality. The validation results and their quality varied greatly, largely depending on the category of the tool. Conclusion: The accuracy and reliability of most tools are unknown. Tone-producing tools provide approximate hearing thresholds but have calibration and background noise issues. Speech and self-report tools are less affected by these issues but mostly do not provide an estimated pure tone audiogram. Predicting audiograms using filtered language-independent materials could be a universal solution.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Mobile Applications ; Reproducibility of Results ; Hearing Tests ; Noise ; Hearing
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2073098-6
ISSN	1708-8186 ; 1499-2027
ISSN (online)	1708-8186
ISSN	1499-2027
DOI	10.1080/14992027.2022.2075798
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Article ; Online: Tools for App- and Web-Based Self-Testing of Cognitive Impairment: Systematic Search and Evaluation.

Charalambous, Anna Pavlina / Pye, Annie / Yeung, Wai Kent / Leroi, Iracema / Neil, Malcolm / Thodi, Chryssoula / Dawes, Piers

Journal of medical Internet research

2020 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) e14551

Abstract: Background: Tools for app- and Web-based self-testing for identification of cognitive impairment are widely available but are of uncertain quality.: Objective: The objective of this study was to undertake a scoping review of app- and Web-based self- ... ...

Abstract	Background: Tools for app- and Web-based self-testing for identification of cognitive impairment are widely available but are of uncertain quality. Objective: The objective of this study was to undertake a scoping review of app- and Web-based self-tests for cognitive impairment and determine the validity of these tests. Methods: We conducted systematic searches in electronic databases, including Google search, Google Play Store, and iPhone Operating System App Store, using the search terms "Online OR Internet-based AND Memory OR Brain OR Dementia OR mild cognitive impairment OR MCI AND Test OR Screen OR Check." Results: We identified 3057 tools, of which 25 were included in the review. Most tools meeting the inclusion criteria assessed multiple cognitive domains. The most frequently assessed domains were memory, attention, and executive function. We then conducted an electronic survey with the developers of the tools to identify data relating to development and validation of each tool. If no response to the survey was received, Google (to identify gray literature), Google Scholar, and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online were searched using key terms "(name of developer, if available)" AND "(the name of the tool)" to identify any additional data. Only 7 tools had any information concerning psychometric quality, and only 1 tool reported data on performance norms, reliability, validity, sensitivity, and specificity for the detection of cognitive impairment. Conclusions: The number of cognitive self-assessment electronic health tools for cognitive impairment is increasing, but most are of uncertain quality. There is a need for well-validated tools and guidance for users concerning which tools provide reliable information about possible cognitive impairment that could warrant further investigation.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis ; Humans ; Internet ; Middle Aged ; Psychometrics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Self-Assessment ; Telemedicine
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-17
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2028830-X
ISSN	1438-8871 ; 1439-4456
ISSN (online)	1438-8871
ISSN	1439-4456
DOI	10.2196/14551
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Article ; Online: Support care needs of people with hearing and vision impairment in dementia: a European cross-national perspective.

Leroi, Iracema / Wolski, Lucas / Charalambous, Anna Pavlina / Constantinidou, Fofi / Renaud, David / Dawes, Piers / Hann, Mark / Himmelsbach, Ines / Miah, Jahanarah / Payne, Magali / Simkin, Zoe / Thodi, Chryssoula / Yeung, Wai Kent / Yohannes, Abebaw Mengitsu

Disability and rehabilitation

2021 Volume 44, Issue 18, Page(s) 5069–5081

Abstract: Purpose: Aging-related sensory impairments are among the most common and disabling comorbidities in people with dementia (PwD). This study explored the unmet support care needs (SCNs) from the perspectives of people with hearing and/or vision impairment ...

Abstract	Purpose: Aging-related sensory impairments are among the most common and disabling comorbidities in people with dementia (PwD). This study explored the unmet support care needs (SCNs) from the perspectives of people with hearing and/or vision impairment in dementia (PwD), and their care partners in Europe. Methods: This was a two-phase mixed methods study. We administered standardized questionnaires of SCNs and quality of life (QoL) to PwD with hearing and/or vision impairment ( Results: Over 94% of the participants reported unmet SCNs (median, 13 (range 5-23)). Nearly three-quarters reported SCNs in the moderate to high range, with the most prevalent unmet SCNs for PwD being in the psychological (>60%) and physical domains (>56%), followed by the need for health information (>46%). Emergent qualitative themes were: (1) the need for tailored support care interventions; (2) care burden, social isolation, and loneliness arising from the combined problems; (3) the need for adequate support from professionals from the different fields, including education around the use of sensory aids. Both study phases revealed that SCNs were highly individualized. Conclusions: This cross-national study revealed that PwD with sensory impairment and their care partners experience a wide range of unmet SCNs, the interactions between sensory impairments, SCNs and QoL are also complex. A tailored intervention could address these unmet SCNs, including additional support with sensory aids, psychological support, more information about concurrent impairments, and joined up health systems providing care.Implications for rehabilitationA majority of participants with combined age-related hearing, vision, and cognitive impairment had unmet SCNs.The needs of care partners including the risk of loneliness and social isolation, need to be considered.Individually tailored, specific interventions for hearing, vision, and cognitive impairment should incorporate physical and psychological support, as well as education.
MeSH term(s)	Cognitive Dysfunction ; Dementia/psychology ; Hearing ; Humans ; Quality of Life/psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1104775-6
ISSN	1464-5165 ; 0963-8288
ISSN (online)	1464-5165
ISSN	0963-8288
DOI	10.1080/09638288.2021.1923071
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Article ; Online: International Practice Recommendations for the Recognition and Management of Hearing and Vision Impairment in People with Dementia.

Littlejohn, Jenna / Bowen, Michael / Constantinidou, Fofi / Dawes, Piers / Dickinson, Christine / Heyn, Patricia / Hooper, Emma / Hopper, Tammy / Hubbard, Isabel / Langenbahn, Donna / Nieman, Carrie L / Rajagopal, Manoj / Thodi, Chryssoula / Weinstein, Barbara / Wittich, Walter / Leroi, Iracema

Gerontology

2021 Volume 68, Issue 2, Page(s) 121–135

Abstract: Introduction: Hearing, vision, and cognitive impairment commonly co-occur in older people. However, the rate of recognition and appropriate management of combined hearing and vision impairment in people with dementia impairment is low. The aim of this ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Hearing, vision, and cognitive impairment commonly co-occur in older people. However, the rate of recognition and appropriate management of combined hearing and vision impairment in people with dementia impairment is low. The aim of this work was to codevelop internationally relevant, multidisciplinary practice recommendations for professionals involved in the diagnosis, care, and management of older people with these concurrent conditions. Methods: We applied consensus methods with professional and lay expert stakeholders, using an adapted version of the World Health Organization Handbook for Guideline Development. The development involved 4 phases and included: (1) collating existing evidence, (2) filling the gaps in evidence, (3) prioritising evidence, and (4) refining the final list of recommendations. Each phase encompassed various methodologies including a review of existing guidelines within the 3 clinical domains, systematic reviews, qualitative studies, a clinical professional consortium, surveys, and consensus meetings with interdisciplinary domain experts. Results: The task force evaluated an initial list of 26 recommendations, ranking them in the order of priority. A consensus was reached on 15 recommendations, which are classified into 6 domains of "awareness and knowledge," "recognition and detection," "evaluation," "management," "support," and "services and policies." Pragmatic options for implementation for each domain were then developed. Conclusion: This is the first set of international, interdisciplinary practice recommendations that will guide the development of multidisciplinary services and policy to improve the lives of people with dementia and hearing and vision impairment.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis ; Dementia/complications ; Dementia/diagnosis ; Dementia/therapy ; Hearing ; Humans ; Qualitative Research ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Practice Guideline ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	193798-4
ISSN	1423-0003 ; 0304-324X
ISSN (online)	1423-0003
ISSN	0304-324X
DOI	10.1159/000515892
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Article ; Online: The need for improved cognitive, hearing and vision assessments for older people with cognitive impairment: a qualitative study.

Wolski, Lucas / Leroi, Iracema / Regan, Jemma / Dawes, Piers / Charalambous, Anna Pavlina / Thodi, Chryssoula / Prokopiou, Juliana / Villeneuve, Roxane / Helmer, Catherine / Yohannes, Abebaw Mengistu / Himmelsbach, Ines

BMC geriatrics

2019 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 328

Abstract: Background: Hearing and vision (sensory) impairments are highly prevalent in people with dementia (PwD) and exacerbate the impact of living with dementia. Assessment of sensory or cognitive function may be difficult if people have concurrent dual or ... ...

Abstract	Background: Hearing and vision (sensory) impairments are highly prevalent in people with dementia (PwD) and exacerbate the impact of living with dementia. Assessment of sensory or cognitive function may be difficult if people have concurrent dual or triple impairments. Most standard cognitive assessment tests are heavily dependent on having intact hearing and vision, and impairments in these domains may render the assessments unreliable or even invalid. Likewise, dementia may impede on the accurate reporting of symptoms that is required for most hearing and vision assessments. Thus, there is an urgent need for hearing, vision and cognitive assessment strategies to be adapted to ensure that appropriate management and support can be provided. Objective: To explore the perspectives of PwD and the care partners regarding the need for accurate hearing, vision and cognitive assessments. Methods: We conducted focus groups and semi-structured interviews regarding the clinical assessment for cognitive, hearing and visual impairment. Participants (n = 18) were older adults with mild to moderate dementia and a sensory impairment as well as their care partners (e.g. a family member) (n = 15) at three European sites. The qualitative material was analysed according to Mayring's summative content analysis approach. Results: Participants reported that hearing, vision and cognitive assessments were not appropriate to the complex needs of PwD and sensory comorbidity and that challenges in communication with professionals and conveying unmet needs and concerns by PwD were common in all three types of clinical assessments. They felt that information about and guidance regarding support for the condition was not adequate in the assessments and that information sharing among the professionals regarding the concurrent problems was limited. Professionals were reported as being concerned only with problems related to their own discipline and had limited regard for problems in other domains which might impact on their own assessments. Conclusions: The optimal assessment and support for PwD with multiple impairments, more comprehensive, yet easy to understand, information regarding these linked to conditions and corrective device use is needed. Communication among health care professionals relevant to hearing, vision and cognition needs to be improved.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Caregivers ; Cognitive Dysfunction/epidemiology ; Cognitive Dysfunction/psychology ; Comorbidity ; Dementia/complications ; Dementia/psychology ; Female ; Focus Groups ; Hearing Loss/epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Qualitative Research ; Vision Disorders/diagnosis ; Vision Disorders/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2059865-8
ISSN	1471-2318 ; 1471-2318
ISSN (online)	1471-2318
ISSN	1471-2318
DOI	10.1186/s12877-019-1336-3
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Article ; Online: Assessing and managing concurrent hearing, vision and cognitive impairments in older people: an international perspective from healthcare professionals.

Leroi, Iracema / Himmelsbach, Ines / Wolski, Lucas / Littlejohn, Jenna / Jury, Francine / Parker, Angela / Charalambous, Anna Pavlina / Dawes, Piers / Constantinidou, Fofi / Thodi, Chryssoula

Age and ageing

2019 Volume 48, Issue 4, Page(s) 580–587

Abstract: Background: there is a significant gap in the understanding, assessment and management of people with dementia and concurrent hearing and vision impairments.: Objective: from the perspective of professionals in dementia, hearing and vision care, we ... ...

Abstract	Background: there is a significant gap in the understanding, assessment and management of people with dementia and concurrent hearing and vision impairments. Objective: from the perspective of professionals in dementia, hearing and vision care, we aimed to: (1) explore the perceptions of gaps in assessment and service provision in ageing-related hearing, vision and cognitive impairment; (2) consider potential solutions regarding this overlap and (3) ascertain the attitudes, awareness and practice, with a view to implementing change. Methods: our two-part investigation with hearing, vision, and dementia care professionals involved: (1) an in-depth, interdisciplinary, international Expert Reference Group (ERG; n = 17) and (2) a wide-scale knowledge, attitudes and practice survey (n = 653). The ERG involved consensus discussions around prototypic clinical vignettes drawn from a memory centre, an audiology clinic, and an optometry clinic, analysed using an applied content approach. Results: the ERG revealed several gaps in assessment and service provision, including a lack of validated assessment tools for concurrent impairments, poor interdisciplinary communication and care pathways, and a lack of evidence-based interventions. Consensus centred on the need for flexible, individualised, patient-centred solutions, using an interdisciplinary approach. The survey data validated these findings, highlighting the need for clear guidelines for assessing and managing concurrent impairments. Conclusions: this is the first international study exploring professionals' views of the assessment and care of individuals with age-related hearing, vision and hearing impairment. The findings will inform the adaptation of assessments, the development of supportive interventions, and the new provision of services.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis ; Cognitive Dysfunction/therapy ; Consensus ; Dementia/diagnosis ; Dementia/therapy ; Health Care Surveys ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Hearing Loss/diagnosis ; Hearing Loss/therapy ; Humans ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; Internationality ; Memory Disorders/diagnosis ; Memory Disorders/therapy ; Vision Disorders/diagnosis ; Vision Disorders/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	186788-x
ISSN	1468-2834 ; 0002-0729
ISSN (online)	1468-2834
ISSN	0002-0729
DOI	10.1093/ageing/afy183
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Article ; Online: Individualised sensory intervention to improve quality of life in people with dementia and their companions (SENSE-Cog trial): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Regan, Jemma / Frison, Eric / Collin, Fidéline / Dawes, Piers / Hann, Mark / Himmelsbach, Ines / Hooper, Emma / Reeves, David / Simkin, Zoe / Thodi, Chryssoula / Yang, Fan / Leroi, Iracema

Trials

2019 Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 80

Abstract: Background: Hearing and vision impairments are highly prevalent in people with dementia and may have a negative impact on quality of life and other dementia-related outcomes. Intervening to optimise sensory impairment and support sensory function may be ...

Abstract	Background: Hearing and vision impairments are highly prevalent in people with dementia and may have a negative impact on quality of life and other dementia-related outcomes. Intervening to optimise sensory impairment and support sensory function may be a means of improving dementia-related outcomes. The SENSE-Cog trial will test whether a home-based multi-part sensory intervention is effective in improving quality of life and other key outcomes in people with dementia and hearing or vision problems (or both) and their companions. Methods: This is an European, multi-centre, observer-blind, pragmatic, randomised controlled trial. Three hundred fifty four people with dementia and hearing or vision impairment (or both) and their companions will be randomly assigned to receive either "care as usual" or a multi-component sensory intervention including assessment and correction of hearing or vision impairments (or both), home-based (maximum 10 visits over 18 weeks), therapist-delivered sensory support (that is, adherence to devices; improving the sensory environment (that is, lighting), communication training, and sign-posting to other support agencies). Change from baseline to intervention end (18 weeks) and post-intervention (36 weeks) will be compared between the two arms in the following outcomes: quality of life (primary endpoint), sensory and cognitive functional ability, relationships, mental well-being, health resource utilisation and cost-effectiveness. Discussion: This is one of two articles outlining the SENSE-Cog trial. Here, we describe the protocol for the effectiveness of the SENSE-Cog intervention. A parallel and complementary process evaluation will be described elsewhere. If the SENSE-Cog trial demonstrates that the sensory intervention improves outcomes in dementia, we will make a toolkit of training materials, resources and information available to health and social care providers to implement the intervention in routine practice. This will be a significant contribution to the therapeutic management of people with dementia and sensory impairment. Trial registration: ISRCTN (Trial ID: ISRCTN17056211 ) on 19 February 2018.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Dementia/psychology ; Hearing Disorders/therapy ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; Outcome Assessment, Health Care ; Patient Selection ; Pragmatic Clinical Trials as Topic ; Quality of Life ; Sample Size ; Vision Disorders/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Clinical Trial Protocol ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2040523-6
ISSN	1745-6215 ; 1468-6694 ; 1745-6215
ISSN (online)	1745-6215
ISSN	1468-6694 ; 1745-6215
DOI	10.1186/s13063-018-2973-0
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Article ; Online: Individualised sensory intervention to improve quality of life in people with dementia and their companions (SENSE-Cog trial)

Jemma Regan / Eric Frison / Fidéline Collin / Piers Dawes / Mark Hann / Ines Himmelsbach / Emma Hooper / David Reeves / Zoe Simkin / Chryssoula Thodi / Fan Yang / Iracema Leroi / for the SENSE-Cog Trial Development Team

Trials, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 1-

study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

2019 Volume 15

Abstract: Abstract Background Hearing and vision impairments are highly prevalent in people with dementia and may have a negative impact on quality of life and other dementia-related outcomes. Intervening to optimise sensory impairment and support sensory function ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Hearing and vision impairments are highly prevalent in people with dementia and may have a negative impact on quality of life and other dementia-related outcomes. Intervening to optimise sensory impairment and support sensory function may be a means of improving dementia-related outcomes. The SENSE-Cog trial will test whether a home-based multi-part sensory intervention is effective in improving quality of life and other key outcomes in people with dementia and hearing or vision problems (or both) and their companions. Methods This is an European, multi-centre, observer-blind, pragmatic, randomised controlled trial. Three hundred fifty four people with dementia and hearing or vision impairment (or both) and their companions will be randomly assigned to receive either “care as usual” or a multi-component sensory intervention including assessment and correction of hearing or vision impairments (or both), home-based (maximum 10 visits over 18 weeks), therapist-delivered sensory support (that is, adherence to devices; improving the sensory environment (that is, lighting), communication training, and sign-posting to other support agencies). Change from baseline to intervention end (18 weeks) and post-intervention (36 weeks) will be compared between the two arms in the following outcomes: quality of life (primary endpoint), sensory and cognitive functional ability, relationships, mental well-being, health resource utilisation and cost-effectiveness. Discussion This is one of two articles outlining the SENSE-Cog trial. Here, we describe the protocol for the effectiveness of the SENSE-Cog intervention. A parallel and complementary process evaluation will be described elsewhere. If the SENSE-Cog trial demonstrates that the sensory intervention improves outcomes in dementia, we will make a toolkit of training materials, resources and information available to health and social care providers to implement the intervention in routine practice. This will be a significant contribution to the therapeutic ...
Keywords	Dementia ; Hearing ; Vision ; Sensory intervention ; Quality of life ; Europe ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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