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  1. Article ; Online: A pilot study of virtual reality for inpatients with opioid use disorder.

    Greenwald, Herbert J / Berger, Amy / Wilson, Ronan L H / Greenwald, Daniel J / Lannon, Eileen / Johnson-Smith, Phyllis / Bergman, Brandon G / Wilens, Timothy E

    The American journal on addictions

    2024  

    Abstract: ... significant reductions in depression, tension, and cravings (p's < 0.001).: Discussion and conclusions ...

    Abstract Background and objectives: While inpatient withdrawal management/acute stabilization can improve outcomes for individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD), patients often leave treatment early due to mood, tension, and cravings associated with opioid withdrawal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of a novel virtual reality (VR) based intervention; 3D Therapy Thrive (3DTT).
    Methods: Subjects with OUD (N = 32) were recruited from a community acute stabilization program and received up to two sessions of 3DTT. They completed questionnaires related to their overall satisfaction with the experience and side effects; as well as those related to mood, tension, and cravings.
    Results: There were no reported side effects and the majority of subjects (94%) reported high satisfaction with the experience. Out of 62 patients approached, 33 patients agreed to participate (53%) 33 patients completed one, and 17 of these patients (52%) completed both sessions of 3DTT, with 19 participants (58%) completing their treatment protocols. Compared to baseline, 3DTT participants reported significant reductions in depression, tension, and cravings (p's < 0.001).
    Discussion and conclusions: This pilot study supports the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of 3DTT for improving outcomes for inpatients with OUD. Future randomized controlled trials are necessary to evaluate the efficacy of 3DTT for improving retention, reducing cravings, and improving mood and tension.
    Scientific significance: This is the first study to evaluate the feasibility of a psychologically informed VR intervention in inpatients with OUD.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1141440-6
    ISSN 1521-0391 ; 1055-0496
    ISSN (online) 1521-0391
    ISSN 1055-0496
    DOI 10.1111/ajad.13526
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: The 'PSILAUT' protocol: an experimental medicine study of autistic differences in the function of brain serotonin targets of psilocybin.

    Whelan, Tobias P / Daly, Eileen / Puts, Nicolaas A / Smith, Paula / Allison, Carrie / Baron-Cohen, Simon / Malievskaia, Ekaterina / Murphy, Declan G M / McAlonan, Grainne M

    BMC psychiatry

    2024  Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 319

    Abstract: Background: The underlying neurobiology of the complex autism phenotype remains obscure, although accumulating evidence implicates the serotonin system and especially the 5HT: Methods: The 'PSILAUT' "shiftability" study is a case-control study ... ...

    Abstract Background: The underlying neurobiology of the complex autism phenotype remains obscure, although accumulating evidence implicates the serotonin system and especially the 5HT
    Methods: The 'PSILAUT' "shiftability" study is a case-control study autistic and non-autistic adults. How neural responses 'shift' in response to low doses (2 mg and 5 mg) of psilocybin compared to placebo will be examined using multimodal techniques including functional MRI and EEG. Each participant will attend on up to three separate visits with drug or placebo administration in a double-blind and randomized order.
    Results: This study will provide the first direct evidence that the serotonin targets of psilocybin function differently in the autistic and non-autistic brain. We will also examine individual differences in serotonin system function.
    Conclusions: This work will inform our understanding of the neurobiology of autism as well as decisions about future clinical trials of psilocybin and/or related compounds including stratification approaches.
    Trial registration: NCT05651126.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Psilocybin/therapeutic use ; Psilocybin/pharmacology ; Brain/drug effects ; Brain/metabolism ; Brain/physiopathology ; Adult ; Double-Blind Method ; Autistic Disorder/drug therapy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Case-Control Studies ; Electroencephalography ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/drug effects ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/metabolism ; Serotonin/metabolism ; Hallucinogens/pharmacology ; Hallucinogens/therapeutic use ; Male ; Young Adult ; Female ; Adolescent
    Chemical Substances Psilocybin (2RV7212BP0) ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A ; Serotonin (333DO1RDJY) ; Hallucinogens
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Clinical Trial Protocol ; Randomized Controlled Trial
    ZDB-ID 2050438-X
    ISSN 1471-244X ; 1471-244X
    ISSN (online) 1471-244X
    ISSN 1471-244X
    DOI 10.1186/s12888-024-05768-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Matrix metalloproteinase-9 deficiency confers resilience in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva in a man and mice.

    Lounev, Vitali / Groppe, Jay C / Brewer, Niambi / Wentworth, Kelly L / Smith, Victoria / Xu, Meiqi / Schomburg, Lutz / Bhargava, Pankaj / Al Mukaddam, Mona / Hsiao, Edward C / Shore, Eileen M / Pignolo, Robert J / Kaplan, Frederick S

    Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research

    2024  Volume 39, Issue 4, Page(s) 382–398

    Abstract: ... heterozygous variants in MMP-9 (c.59C > T, p.A20V and c.493G > A, p.D165N). Structural analysis of the D165N ...

    Abstract Single case studies of extraordinary disease resilience may provide therapeutic insight into conditions for which no definitive treatments exist. An otherwise healthy 35-year-old man (patient-R) with the canonical pathogenic ACVR1R206H variant and the classic congenital great toe malformation of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) had extreme paucity of post-natal heterotopic ossification (HO) and nearly normal mobility. We hypothesized that patient-R lacked a sufficient post-natal inflammatory trigger for HO. A plasma biomarker survey revealed a reduction in total matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) compared to healthy controls and individuals with quiescent FOP. Whole exome sequencing identified compound heterozygous variants in MMP-9 (c.59C > T, p.A20V and c.493G > A, p.D165N). Structural analysis of the D165N variant predicted both decreased MMP-9 secretion and activity that were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and gelatin zymography. Further, human proinflammatory M1-like macrophages expressing either MMP-9 variant produced significantly less Activin A, an obligate ligand for HO in FOP, compared to wildtype controls. Importantly, MMP-9 inhibition by genetic, biologic, or pharmacologic means in multiple FOP mouse models abrogated trauma-induced HO, sequestered Activin A in the extracellular matrix (ECM), and induced regeneration of injured skeletal muscle. Our data suggest that MMP-9 is a druggable node linking inflammation to HO, orchestrates an existential role in the pathogenesis of FOP, and illustrates that a single patient's clinical phenotype can reveal critical molecular mechanisms of disease that unveil novel treatment strategies.
    MeSH term(s) Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/genetics ; Animals ; Humans ; Male ; Myositis Ossificans/genetics ; Myositis Ossificans/pathology ; Myositis Ossificans/metabolism ; Mice ; Adult ; Activin Receptors, Type I/genetics ; Activin Receptors, Type I/metabolism ; Activin Receptors, Type I/deficiency ; Ossification, Heterotopic/pathology ; Ossification, Heterotopic/genetics ; Ossification, Heterotopic/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (EC 3.4.24.35) ; Activin Receptors, Type I (EC 2.7.11.30) ; MMP9 protein, human (EC 3.4.24.35) ; ACVR1 protein, human (EC 2.7.11.30)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 632783-7
    ISSN 1523-4681 ; 0884-0431
    ISSN (online) 1523-4681
    ISSN 0884-0431
    DOI 10.1093/jbmr/zjae029
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Identification of a convergent spinal neuron population that encodes itch.

    Sheahan, Tayler D / Warwick, Charles A / Cui, Abby Y / Baranger, David A A / Perry, Vijay J / Smith, Kelly M / Manalo, Allison P / Nguyen, Eileen K / Koerber, H Richard / Ross, Sarah E

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2023  

    Abstract: Itch is a protective sensation that drives scratching. Although specific cell types have been proposed to underlie itch, the neural circuit basis for itch remains unclear. Here, we used two-photon ... ...

    Abstract Itch is a protective sensation that drives scratching. Although specific cell types have been proposed to underlie itch, the neural circuit basis for itch remains unclear. Here, we used two-photon Ca
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.09.29.560205
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Metabolic Profiling of Mice with Deletion of the Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptor, GPR37L1.

    Mouat, Margaret A / Wilkins, Brendan P / Ding, Eileen / Govindaraju, Hemna / Coleman, James L J / Graham, Robert M / Turner, Nigel / Smith, Nicola J

    Cells

    2022  Volume 11, Issue 11

    Abstract: Understanding the neurogenic causes of obesity may reveal novel drug targets to counter the obesity crisis and associated sequelae. Here, we investigate whether the deletion of GPR37L1, an astrocyte-specific orphan G protein-coupled receptor, affects ... ...

    Abstract Understanding the neurogenic causes of obesity may reveal novel drug targets to counter the obesity crisis and associated sequelae. Here, we investigate whether the deletion of GPR37L1, an astrocyte-specific orphan G protein-coupled receptor, affects whole-body energy homeostasis in mice. We subjected male
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Body Weight ; Glucose/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Obesity/metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Gpr37l1protein, mouse ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-01
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2661518-6
    ISSN 2073-4409 ; 2073-4409
    ISSN (online) 2073-4409
    ISSN 2073-4409
    DOI 10.3390/cells11111814
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: What can directed forgetting tell us about clinical populations?

    Delaney, Peter F / Barden, Eileen P / Smith, Wyatt G / Wisco, Blair E

    Clinical psychology review

    2020  Volume 82, Page(s) 101926

    Abstract: This paper reviews and critically assesses the implications of directed forgetting (DF) research on clinical populations. We begin by reviewing the typical methods and results of the item method and list method directed forgetting procedures and provide ... ...

    Abstract This paper reviews and critically assesses the implications of directed forgetting (DF) research on clinical populations. We begin by reviewing the typical methods and results of the item method and list method directed forgetting procedures and provide best practice recommendations for future studies using clinical populations. Next, we note that DF was often interpreted as being due to inhibition, and when clinical populations showed impaired directed forgetting, it was treated as evidence in inhibitory control difficulties. However, inhibition may not be the cause of DF effects, based on current understanding of these cognitive tasks. We instead suggest that item method DF is tied to attentional control, which might include inhibitory mechanisms (or might not). In contrast, list method DF is tied to two forms of memory control: control of mental context (indicated by effective forgetting of List 1), and changes in the strategies used to remember (indicated by better learning of List 2). We review the current state of the clinical DF literature, assess its strength based on our best practice recommendations, and call for more research when warranted.
    MeSH term(s) Attention ; Cues ; Humans ; Inhibition, Psychological ; Learning ; Mental Recall
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 604577-7
    ISSN 1873-7811 ; 0272-7358
    ISSN (online) 1873-7811
    ISSN 0272-7358
    DOI 10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101926
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Family Presence at the PICU Bedside: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.

    Smith, Mallory B / Dervan, Leslie A / Watson, R Scott / Ohman, Robert T / Albert, J Elaine-Marie / Rhee, Eileen J / Vavilala, Monica S / Rivara, Frederick P / Killien, Elizabeth Y

    Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies

    2023  Volume 24, Issue 12, Page(s) 1053–1062

    Abstract: Objectives: To determine factors associated with bedside family presence in the PICU and to understand how individual factors interact as barriers to family presence.: Design: Mixed methods study.: Setting: Tertiary children's hospital PICU.: ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: To determine factors associated with bedside family presence in the PICU and to understand how individual factors interact as barriers to family presence.
    Design: Mixed methods study.
    Setting: Tertiary children's hospital PICU.
    Subjects: Five hundred twenty-three children of less than 18 years enrolled in the Seattle Children's Hospital Outcomes Assessment Program from 2011 to 2017.
    Interventions: None.
    Measurements and main results: Quantitative: Family was documented every 2 hours. Exposures included patient and illness characteristics and family demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with presence of less than 80% and stratified results by self-reported race. Longer PICU length of stay (LOS), public insurance, and complex chronic conditions (C-CD) were associated with family presence of less than 80%. Self-reported race modified these associations; no factors were associated with lower bedside presence for White families, in contrast with multiple associations for non-White families including public insurance, C-CD, and longer LOS. Qualitative: Thematic analysis of social work notes for the 48 patients with family presence of less than 80% matched on age, LOS, and diagnosis to 48 patients with greater than or equal to 95% family presence. Three themes emerged: the primary caregiver's prior experiences with the hospital, relationships outside of the hospital, and additional stressors during the hospitalization affected bedside presence.
    Conclusions: We identified sociodemographic and illness factors associated with family bedside presence in the PICU. Self-reported race modified these associations, representing racism within healthcare. Family presence at the bedside may help identify families facing greater disparities in healthcare access.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Hospitalization ; Health Services Accessibility ; Hospitals, Pediatric ; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2052349-X
    ISSN 1947-3893 ; 1529-7535
    ISSN (online) 1947-3893
    ISSN 1529-7535
    DOI 10.1097/PCC.0000000000003334
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Hematologic disorders after solid organ transplantation.

    Smith, Eileen P

    Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program

    2010  Volume 2010, Page(s) 281–286

    Abstract: The evaluation of hematologic disorders after solid organ transplantation (SOT) must take into account issues unique to the post-transplant setting that influence the development of anemia and single or multi-lineage cytopenias. Attention to the time of ... ...

    Abstract The evaluation of hematologic disorders after solid organ transplantation (SOT) must take into account issues unique to the post-transplant setting that influence the development of anemia and single or multi-lineage cytopenias. Attention to the time of onset of cytopenia(s) is important, because the disorders of passenger lymphocyte syndrome, transplant-related thrombotic microangiopathy, hemophagocytic syndrome, and graft-versus-host disease typically occur during the first few months after SOT, and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder usually occurs within the first year. Drug-related anemia and cytopenia(s) occur due to a variety of mechanisms, including drug-induced hemolysis and marrow suppression and perturbation of T-cell subsets by the immunosuppressive agents, leading to immune dysregulation and autoimmunity. Viral infections can cause direct suppression of hematopoiesis, and a variety of opportunistic infections can precipitate acquired hemophagocytic syndrome, a frequently lethal systemic inflammatory disorder. Early investigation of pancytopenia by bone marrow biopsy is warranted, because it is often the presenting symptom of one or multiple life-threatening pathologies after SOT, such as graft-versus host disease, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, hemophagocytic syndrome, or severe opportunistic infections, and these entities may have a better prognosis if early interventions are undertaken.
    MeSH term(s) Anemia/etiology ; Hematologic Diseases/etiology ; Humans ; Opportunistic Infections/complications ; Organ Transplantation/adverse effects
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 1520-4383
    ISSN (online) 1520-4383
    DOI 10.1182/asheducation-2010.1.281
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: A multicenter study of animal-assisted activity and anxiety among older adults hospitalized in acute care settings.

    Kowalski, Mildred Ortu / Smith, Carnette / Cole, Donna A / Bersick, Eileen / Keleekai-Brapoh, Nowai / Panfile, Patricia / Abate, Sami V

    Applied nursing research : ANR

    2021  Volume 60, Page(s) 151447

    Abstract: ... decreased significantly to 10 (IQR 7, 13) (p < 0.001). Weak associations were observed for gender (p = 0.025 ... r = 0.0189), and dog ownership (p = 0.026, r = 0.188).: Conclusions: AAA significantly decreased ...

    Abstract Background: For older adults (≥65 years old), hospitalization can be a stressful and anxiety- provoking event. Due to physiological changes in this population that make pharmacological therapy to manage anxiety challenging, use of alternative therapies, such as animal-assisted activities (AAA), could prove beneficial.
    Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine if an AAA visit from a registered human-animal team during hospitalization would reduce perceived anxiety for older adults.
    Design: A multicenter, interventional, comparative, pre-post design was used.
    Methods: Eligible participants completed a demographic questionnaire and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 6-item short form (STAI-6) survey prior to the AAA visit. AAA visits included interaction between the human-animal team and the participant at the bedside. At the conclusion of the visit, participants again completed the STAI-6. Demographic variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics and comparative analyses were performed using non-parametric tests to examine differences in pre-post STAI-6 scores.
    Results: Participants (n = 141) had a median age of 75 years. The pre-visit median anxiety score was 14 (interquartile range [IQR] 10, 17), corresponding to mild baseline anxiety. The post-visit median anxiety score decreased significantly to 10 (IQR 7, 13) (p < 0.001). Weak associations were observed for gender (p = 0.025, r = 0.0189), and dog ownership (p = 0.026, r = 0.188).
    Conclusions: AAA significantly decreased anxiety in older adults with mild anxiety during inpatient hospitalization. This non-pharmacological intervention can be considered as an alternative intervention for anxiety in this population.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Animals ; Anxiety/therapy ; Critical Care ; Dogs ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Multicenter Study
    ZDB-ID 1027369-4
    ISSN 1532-8201 ; 0897-1897
    ISSN (online) 1532-8201
    ISSN 0897-1897
    DOI 10.1016/j.apnr.2021.151447
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Proviral location affects cognate peptide–induced virus production and immune recognition of HIV-1–infected T cell clones

    Filippo Dragoni / Abena K. Kwaa / Caroline C. Traut / Rebecca T. Veenhuis / Bezawit A. Woldemeskel / Angelica Camilo-Contreras / Hayley E. Raymond / Arbor G. Dykema / Eileen P. Scully / Amanda M. Rosecrans / Kellie N. Smith / Frederic D. Bushman / Francesco R. Simonetti / Joel N. Blankson

    The Journal of Clinical Investigation, Vol 133, Iss

    2023  Volume 21

    Abstract: BACKGROUND HIV-1–infected CD4+ T cells contribute to latent reservoir persistence by proliferating while avoiding immune recognition. Integration features of intact proviruses in elite controllers (ECs) and people on long-term therapy suggest that ... ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND HIV-1–infected CD4+ T cells contribute to latent reservoir persistence by proliferating while avoiding immune recognition. Integration features of intact proviruses in elite controllers (ECs) and people on long-term therapy suggest that proviruses in specific chromosomal locations can evade immune surveillance. However, direct evidence of this mechanism is missing.METHODS In this case report, we characterized integration sites and full genome sequences of expanded T cell clones in an EC before and after chemoradiation. We identified the cognate peptide of infected clones to investigate cell proliferation and virus production induced by T cell activation, and susceptibility to autologous CD8+ T cells.RESULTS The proviral landscape was dominated by 2 large clones with replication-competent proviruses integrated into zinc finger (ZNF) genes (ZNF470 and ZNF721) in locations previously associated with deeper latency. A third nearly intact provirus, with a stop codon in Pol, was integrated into an intergenic site. Upon stimulation with cognate Gag peptides, infected clones proliferated extensively and produced virus, but the provirus in ZNF721 was 200-fold less inducible. While autologous CD8+ T cells decreased the proliferation of cells carrying the intergenic provirus, they had no effect on cells with the provirus in the ZNF721 gene.CONCLUSIONS We provide direct evidence that upon activation of infected clones by cognate antigen, the lower inducibility of intact proviruses in ZNF genes can result in immune evasion and persistence.FUNDING Office of the NIH Director and National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research; NIAID, NIH; Johns Hopkins University Center for AIDS Research.
    Keywords AIDS/HIV ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 570
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher American Society for Clinical Investigation
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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