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Article ; Online: Seasonal dissolved oxygen depletion in bottom waters may be linked to bioluminescence in a shallow Caribbean bay

Ayala-Torres, Rosamar / Otero, Ernesto

Regional Studies in Marine Science. 2023 Aug. 03, p.103139-

2023 , Page(s) 103139–

Abstract: Worldwide, coastal areas are susceptible to low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations due to anthropogenic activities. In the Caribbean, some regions are experiencing extreme incidences of hypoxia and anoxia, jeopardizing biodiversity in these ecosystems. ...

Abstract	Worldwide, coastal areas are susceptible to low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations due to anthropogenic activities. In the Caribbean, some regions are experiencing extreme incidences of hypoxia and anoxia, jeopardizing biodiversity in these ecosystems. Nonetheless, limited information about these dissolved oxygen fluctuations is available. Using continuous and discrete approaches, the temporal and spatial patterns of DO were examined at Bahia Fosforescente (BF) in southwestern Puerto Rico during 2018. The principal aim was to evaluate whether hypoxic/anoxic conditions are sustained, linked to rainfall, and correspond to bioluminescence fluctuations at BF. An oxycline below 3-m depth was found, reaching hypoxia/anoxia during the wet season when calmer winds dominate and achieve high bioluminescence levels. These results may suggest the incoming of nutrients and organic carbon during the wet season, favoring the development of near-bottom anoxic conditions and benthic nutrient fluxes that favor the growth of bioluminescent plankton such as Pyrodinium bahamense. DO levels in BF might be influenced by changes in climate patterns, which may profoundly affect local planktonic species, impacting the development of bioluminescent natural events and, thus, the local tourism activities that evolve around these natural events.
Keywords	Pyrodinium bahamense ; biodiversity ; bioluminescence ; climate ; dissolved oxygen ; hypoxia ; marine science ; organic carbon ; plankton ; rain ; tourism ; wet season ; Caribbean ; Puerto Rico ; Anoxia ; Coastal inlets ; Embayment ; Bioluminescent bays
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0803
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Pre-press version
ISSN	2352-4855
DOI	10.1016/j.rsma.2023.103139
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Accesibilidad en San Salvador, hacia la evaluación de movilidades cotidianas desde el enfoque de la sostenibilidad social

Carlos Ernesto Grande Ayala / Boris Ernesto Funes Ayala / Manuel Alejandro Alfaro Henríquez / Tatiana Mariel Miranda Ventura / Fabio Ernesto Gracias Serrano

Territorios, Iss

2022 Volume 48

Abstract: El proceso descrito en este texto tiene como objetivo mejorar el análisis y planificación de la movilidad urbana, tal que, expongan el nivel de inclusión y equidad de una porción de ciudad, identificando falencias en el acceso a equipamientos urbanos ... ...

Abstract	El proceso descrito en este texto tiene como objetivo mejorar el análisis y planificación de la movilidad urbana, tal que, expongan el nivel de inclusión y equidad de una porción de ciudad, identificando falencias en el acceso a equipamientos urbanos debido a la organización de los sistemas de usos de suelo y transporte. Para ello se utiliza el enfoque de análisis de la Sostenibilidad Social en la Movilidad Urbana (ssmu) y sistemas de información geográfica open source. La metodología establece dos análisis a escalas distintas de los niveles de servicio de equipamientos públicos. El primero a escala del Área Metropolitana de San Salvador (amss) utilizando teoría de lugares centrales, el segundo analiza las condiciones de accesibilidad a escala municipal de San Salvador (capital de El Salvador) a partir de modelos de localización óptima que permiten generar indicadores de eficiencia y equidad espacial. Los resultados obtenidos son la operativización del enfoque de ssmu, la aplicación de técnicas de análisis multiescalar estableciendo una estructura metropolitana que categoriza a los municipios en función de los niveles de servicio que los equipamientos urbanos prestan a sus ciudadanos, la caracterización de la situación de accesibilidad a nivel municipal para San Salvador con indicadores proxy para grupos vulnerables y la definición de áreas prioritarias para intervenir e impactar en la movilidad cotidiana. Finalmente se abre una discusión que identifica los pasos siguientes en la mejora de esta investigación para fortalecer futuros ejercicios de planificación en el contexto de escases de recursos y acceso a datos base típicos del sur global.
Keywords	Accesibilidad ; movilidad urbana ; planificación urbana ; Área Metropolitana de San Salvador ; Sur Global ; Social Sciences ; H ; Communities. Classes. Races ; HT51-1595
Language	Spanish
Publishing date	2022-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Universidad del Rosario
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Inhibition of

Tapia-Rodriguez, Melvin Roberto / Cantu-Soto, Ernesto Uriel / Vazquez-Armenta, Francisco Javier / Bernal-Mercado, Ariadna Thalia / Ayala-Zavala, Jesus Fernando

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 12, Issue 10

Abstract: Acinetobacter ... ...

Abstract	Acinetobacter baumannii
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2681345-2
ISSN	2079-6382
ISSN	2079-6382
DOI	10.3390/antibiotics12101539
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Article ; Online: Analysis of Explainable Goal-Driven Reinforcement Learning in a Continuous Simulated Environment

Ernesto Portugal / Francisco Cruz / Angel Ayala / Bruno Fernandes

Algorithms, Vol 15, Iss 91, p

2022 Volume 91

Abstract: Currently, artificial intelligence is in an important period of growth. Due to the technology boom, it is now possible to solve problems that could not be resolved previously. For example, through goal-driven learning, it is possible that intelligent ... ...

Abstract	Currently, artificial intelligence is in an important period of growth. Due to the technology boom, it is now possible to solve problems that could not be resolved previously. For example, through goal-driven learning, it is possible that intelligent machines or agents may be able to perform tasks without human intervention. However, this also leads to the problem of understanding the agent’s decision making. Therefore, explainable goal-driven learning attempts to eliminate this gap. This work focuses on the adaptability of two explainability methods in continuous environments. The methods based on learning and introspection proposed a probability value for success to explain the agent’s behavior. These had already been tested in discrete environments. The continuous environment used in this study is the car-racing problem. This is a simulated car racing game that forms part of the Python Open AI Gym Library. The agents in this environment were trained with the Deep Q-Network algorithm, and in parallel the explainability methods were implemented. This research included a proposal for carrying out the adaptation and implementation of these methods in continuous states. The adaptation of the learning method produced major changes, implemented through an artificial neural network. The obtained probabilities of both methods were consistent throughout the experiments. The probability result was greater in the learning method. In terms of computational resources, the introspection method was slightly better than its counterpart.
Keywords	reinforcement learning ; goal-driven explanations ; continuous environments ; Industrial engineering. Management engineering ; T55.4-60.8 ; Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95
Subject code	006
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Análisis de costo-minimización del tratamiento por inyección percutánea con etanol de nódulos tiroideos sólidos benignos: estudio piloto exploratorio.

Miracle-López, Sigfrido / Rodríguez-Ayala, Ernesto / Sánchez-Alanís, Ángel C

Cirugia y cirujanos

2022 Volume 90, Issue 6, Page(s) 804–812

Abstract: Background: Nodularity in thyroid tissue is extremely common. In Mexico, the only openly available treatment for benign cold thyroid nodules that cause compressive or cosmetic symptoms is surgery. This limitation in the availability of non-invasive ... ...

Title translation	Cost-minimization analysis of percutaneous ethanol injection treatment of benign solid thyroid nodules: an exploratory pilot study.
Abstract	Background: Nodularity in thyroid tissue is extremely common. In Mexico, the only openly available treatment for benign cold thyroid nodules that cause compressive or cosmetic symptoms is surgery. This limitation in the availability of non-invasive treatments places an enormous strain on the State's health resources. Objective: To demonstrate the cost-minimization of percutaneous ethanol injection treatment (PEIT) against radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and laser ablation for the treatment of benign solid thyroid nodules. Method: Prospective, comparative, quasi-experimental, longitudinal study with external controls, non-randomized, historical, prolective and open. The significant difference in volume reduction was calculated by paired 2-tailed t-test. Validation was made to prove that the reduction in the final nodule volume was non-inferior to the gold standard. The cost-analysis study was carried out using the Montecarlo method. Results: 15 patients entered the study. The mean volume of the nodules was 14.46 ± 19 cc, with a final mean volume of 5.24 ± 8.44 cc, the average reduction percentage was 63 ± 17%. The cost per procedure was $ 18,807 mx, $ 16,300 mx, $ 9,248 mx and $ 1,615 for RFA, surgery, laser ablation and PEIT, respectively. Conclusions: The results of the study demonstrate the non-inferiority of the ablation of benign solid thyroid nodules with PEIT compared to laser and RFA, at a lower cost.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Prospective Studies ; Thyroid Nodule/surgery ; Mexico ; Ethanol
Chemical Substances	Ethanol (3K9958V90M)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-06
Publishing country	Mexico
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	730699-4
ISSN	2444-054X ; 0009-7411
ISSN (online)	2444-054X
ISSN	0009-7411
DOI	10.24875/CIRU.21000230
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Article ; Online: Política exterior y de CTI en Colombia

Rafael Piñeros Ayala / Luisa F. Echeverría-King / Ernesto Andrade-Sastoque

Desafíos, Vol 34, Iss Especial (2022)

la diplomacia científica como frontera

2022

Abstract: La diplomacia científica (DC) se consolida como una propuesta ecléctica y de frontera entre la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación (CTI), por un lado, y las Relaciones Internacionales y la política exterior, por el otro. ¿Cómo se articulan las ... ...

Abstract	La diplomacia científica (DC) se consolida como una propuesta ecléctica y de frontera entre la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación (CTI), por un lado, y las Relaciones Internacionales y la política exterior, por el otro. ¿Cómo se articulan las políticas del sector ciencia y tecnología, y relaciones internacionales en Colombia en torno a la diplomacia científica? A partir de un análisis exploratorio y de naturaleza cualitativa-descriptiva de documentos de política pública en el período 2018-2022, se identifican las acciones de dc que Colombia ha implementado. Concluimos que se han dado pasos importantes y acelerados, pero persisten desafíos en materia de articulación y consolidación de la DC como una estrategia efectiva que facilite la consecución de objetivos tanto para el sector CTI, como de Relaciones Internacionales. Este artículo señala las bases conceptuales para comprender de manera situada la dc, algunas de sus críticas, y ubica la experiencia colombiana en perspectiva comparada con la de Brasil, México y Chile.
Keywords	política exterior colombiana ; diplomacia científica (DC) ; ciencia ; tecnología e innovación (CTI) ; América Latina ; política pública ; Political science ; J ; Political science (General) ; JA1-92
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Universidad del Rosario, Bogota
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Hematopoietic cell transplantation for B-cell lymphoma: an update.

Ayala, Ernesto

Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer Center

2012 Volume 19, Issue 3, Page(s) 175–186

Abstract: Background: B-cell lymphoma comprises the majority of non-Hodgkin lymphomas worldwide. Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is used for patients with high-risk, relapsed, or refractory B-cell lymphoma.: Methods: The current medical literature and ...

Abstract	Background: B-cell lymphoma comprises the majority of non-Hodgkin lymphomas worldwide. Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is used for patients with high-risk, relapsed, or refractory B-cell lymphoma. Methods: The current medical literature and the results of recently published trials were reviewed to provide an update on the most common indications for HCT in B-cell lymphoma. Results: Autologous HCT has evolving and new roles in the treatment of patients with high-risk diffuse large B-cell cell lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, and HIV-related lymphoma. Reduced-intensity conditioning has largely replaced older myeloablative conditioning regimens, making allogeneic transplantation safer for more patients with lymphoma. Conclusions: The indication and timing of HCT depend on the patient's histology, age, and response to previous therapies. HCT is an essential component in the armamentarium to treat B-cell lymphoma.
MeSH term(s)	Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/methods ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/surgery ; Transplantation Conditioning/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1328503-8
ISSN	1526-2359 ; 1073-2748
ISSN (online)	1526-2359
ISSN	1073-2748
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Article: Fundus autofluorescence in the evaluation of diabetic macular edema treatment response.

Mota, Sergio E Hernández-Da / Béjar-Cornejo, Francisco / Lima-Gómez, Virgilio / Rodríguez-Ayala, Ernesto

Gaceta medica de Mexico

2022 Volume 157, Issue 4, Page(s) 397–403

Abstract: Introduction: Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) has shown sensitivity in the detection of macular edema.: Objectives: To evaluate indices formed with FAF and retinal anatomical-functional variables in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) treated ... ...

Title translation	Autofluorescencia retiniana en la evaluación de la respuesta al tratamiento del edema macular diabético.
Abstract	Introduction: Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) has shown sensitivity in the detection of macular edema. Objectives: To evaluate indices formed with FAF and retinal anatomical-functional variables in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) treated with ziv-aflibercept (ziv-AFL). Methods: Twenty-nine eyes of 15 DME patients who received ziv-AFL intravitreal injections were included in the study. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity (CS), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and FAF were evaluated before treatment and at one and two months. OCT variables were central subfield thickness (CST), macular volume (MV) and macular cube average thickness (MCAT). FAF/BCVA, FAF/CS, FAF/CST, FAF/MV and AF/MCAT indices baseline values were obtained. Analysis was performed with Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis. Results: There was a significant correlation between baseline FAF/BCVA index and BCVA at second month (r Conclusions: In DME, composite indices with baseline FAF predict variables such as BCVA in the follow-up of patients receiving ziv-AFL.
MeSH term(s)	Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetic Retinopathy/diagnostic imaging ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fundus Oculi ; Humans ; Macular Edema/diagnostic imaging ; Macular Edema/etiology ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Treatment Outcome ; Visual Acuity
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-08
Publishing country	Mexico
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	425456-9
ISSN	0016-3813
ISSN	0016-3813
DOI	10.24875/GMM.M21000581
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Article ; Online: Paracoccidiodomicosis oral en mujer inmunocompetente: a propósito de un caso y revisión de la literatura.

Reyes-Correa, Alberto Jesús / Hernández-Flórez, Nelson / Hernández-Espinosa, Cristian Javier / García-Ayala, Ernesto

Revista espanola de patologia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Anatomia Patologica y de la Sociedad Espanola de Citologia

2021 Volume 55, Issue 4, Page(s) 236–239

Abstract: Paracoccidioidomycosis is a progressive, chronic, systemic disease which is the second most common form of mycosis in South America, affecting approximately 10million people in this region. It occurs most commonly in adult male farmers and mainly affects ...

Title translation	Oral paracoccidiodomycosis in an immunocompetent woman: a case report and literature review.
Abstract	Paracoccidioidomycosis is a progressive, chronic, systemic disease which is the second most common form of mycosis in South America, affecting approximately 10million people in this region. It occurs most commonly in adult male farmers and mainly affects the lungs. Oral paracoccidioidomycosis is the second most frequent chronic presentation. We report the case of an immunocompetent female patient whose oral mucosae was infected with paracoccidium and discuss oral paracoccidium.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; Male ; Paracoccidioides ; Paracoccidioidomycosis/complications
Language	Spanish
Publishing date	2021-05-10
Publishing country	Spain
Document type	Case Reports ; Review
ZDB-ID	2463888-2
ISSN	1988-561X ; 1988-561X
ISSN (online)	1988-561X
ISSN	1988-561X
DOI	10.1016/j.patol.2021.04.001
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Book ; Online: Explaining Agent's Decision-making in a Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning Scenario

Muñoz, Hugo / Portugal, Ernesto / Ayala, Angel / Fernandes, Bruno / Cruz, Francisco

2022

Abstract: Reinforcement learning is a machine learning approach based on behavioral psychology. It is focused on learning agents that can acquire knowledge and learn to carry out new tasks by interacting with the environment. However, a problem occurs when ... ...

Abstract	Reinforcement learning is a machine learning approach based on behavioral psychology. It is focused on learning agents that can acquire knowledge and learn to carry out new tasks by interacting with the environment. However, a problem occurs when reinforcement learning is used in critical contexts where the users of the system need to have more information and reliability for the actions executed by an agent. In this regard, explainable reinforcement learning seeks to provide to an agent in training with methods in order to explain its behavior in such a way that users with no experience in machine learning could understand the agent's behavior. One of these is the memory-based explainable reinforcement learning method that is used to compute probabilities of success for each state-action pair using an episodic memory. In this work, we propose to make use of the memory-based explainable reinforcement learning method in a hierarchical environment composed of sub-tasks that need to be first addressed to solve a more complex task. The end goal is to verify if it is possible to provide to the agent the ability to explain its actions in the global task as well as in the sub-tasks. The results obtained showed that it is possible to use the memory-based method in hierarchical environments with high-level tasks and compute the probabilities of success to be used as a basis for explaining the agent's behavior.
Keywords	Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ; Computer Science - Machine Learning
Subject code	006
Publishing date	2022-12-13
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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