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  1. Article ; Online: Paediatric Horner Syndrome: How much further to investigate?

    Bhate, Manjushree / Flaherty, Maree / Rowe, Neil / Howman-Giles, Robert

    Indian journal of ophthalmology

    2020  Volume 68, Issue 11, Page(s) 2607–2610

    Abstract: We report an infant with an early-onset Horner syndrome and normal urinary catecholamine levels. Further investigations with Nuclear medicine imaging ... ...

    Abstract We report an infant with an early-onset Horner syndrome and normal urinary catecholamine levels. Further investigations with Nuclear medicine imaging with
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Horner Syndrome/diagnosis ; Horner Syndrome/etiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Neuroblastoma/complications ; Neuroblastoma/diagnosis ; Radionuclide Imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-23
    Publishing country India
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 187392-1
    ISSN 1998-3689 ; 0301-4738
    ISSN (online) 1998-3689
    ISSN 0301-4738
    DOI 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1603_20
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Voxel-based analysis of normal cerebral [18F]FDG uptake during childhood using statistical parametric mapping.

    London, Kevin / Howman-Giles, Robert

    NeuroImage

    2015  Volume 106, Page(s) 264–271

    Abstract: The changing pattern of relative cerebral (18)F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) uptake that occurs during normal childhood development is not completely understood. Using SPM8 we undertook a voxel-based analysis of dedicated cerebral FDG scans in 28 ... ...

    Abstract The changing pattern of relative cerebral (18)F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) uptake that occurs during normal childhood development is not completely understood. Using SPM8 we undertook a voxel-based analysis of dedicated cerebral FDG scans in 28 children ranging in age from 11 months to 16 years to examine the effects of age on regional FDG uptake. The subjects included were children with suspected or proven extracranial malignancies without central nervous system metastases and no previous or current therapies or medical conditions likely to interfere with cerebral metabolism. The included cerebral FDG scans were considered to represent normal cerebral FDG distribution in a child of their age at the time of the scan. When normalised to whole brain mean uptake, the voxel-based analysis showed increasing FDG uptake with age in the premotor and prefrontal cortices, insula cortex, cingulate cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellum and in small areas of the inferior temporal lobes and left Heschl's gyrus. These findings correlate with previous published analysis of the same data that used qualitative and maximal standardised uptake value (SUV(max)) analysis techniques. This data provides more regionally specific information and further supports the conclusion that relative cerebral FDG uptake in children has not reached a typical adult pattern by approximately one year of age but in fact changes throughout childhood. The results speak to the importance of using age-matched data or adjusting for age in the statistical analysis of studies comparing paediatric cerebral FDG scans to a control dataset to avoid bias due to different age distributions in the groups of subjects studied. The areas of increasing FDG uptake with age probably relate to underlying neuronal processes linked to normal neurodevelopment including key resting state networks.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain/metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex/diagnostic imaging ; Cerebral Cortex/metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Infant ; Positron-Emission Tomography/methods
    Chemical Substances Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 (0Z5B2CJX4D)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-02-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1147767-2
    ISSN 1095-9572 ; 1053-8119
    ISSN (online) 1095-9572
    ISSN 1053-8119
    DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.11.047
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Normal cerebral FDG uptake during childhood.

    London, Kevin / Howman-Giles, Robert

    European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging

    2013  Volume 41, Issue 4, Page(s) 723–735

    Abstract: Purpose: Current understanding of cerebral FDG uptake during childhood originates from a small number of studies in patients with neurological abnormalities. Our aim was to describe cerebral FDG uptake in a dataset of FDG PET scans in children more ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Current understanding of cerebral FDG uptake during childhood originates from a small number of studies in patients with neurological abnormalities. Our aim was to describe cerebral FDG uptake in a dataset of FDG PET scans in children more likely to represent a normal population.
    Methods: We reviewed cerebral FDG PET scans in children up to 16 years of age with suspected/proven extracranial malignancies and the following exclusions: central nervous system metastases, previous malignancies, previous chemotherapy or radiotherapy, development of cerebral metastases during therapy, neurological conditions, taking antiepileptic medication or medications likely to interfere with cerebral metabolism, and general anaesthesia within 24 h. White matter, basal ganglia, thalamus and the cerebellar cortex were analysed using regional SUV(max), and the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus and cerebellum were analysed using a regional relative uptake analysis in comparison to maximal cortical uptake.
    Results: Scans from 30 patients (age range 11 months to 16 years, mean age 10 years 5 months) were included. All regions showed increasing SUV(max) with age. The parietal, occipital, lateral temporal and medial temporal lobes showed lower rates of increasing FDG uptake causing changing patterns of regional FDG uptake during childhood. The cortical regions showing the most intense uptake in early childhood were the parietal and occipital lobes. At approximately 7 years of age these regions had relatively less uptake than the frontal lobes and at approximately 10 years of age these regions had relatively less uptake than the thalamus.
    Conclusion: Relative FDG uptake in the brain has not reached an adult pattern by 1 year of age, but continues to change up to 16 years of age. The changing pattern is due to different regional rates of increasing cortical FDG uptake, which is less rapid in the parietal, occipital and temporal lobes than in the frontal lobes.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain/growth & development ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Radiopharmaceuticals/pharmacokinetics ; Tissue Distribution
    Chemical Substances Radiopharmaceuticals ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 (0Z5B2CJX4D)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-12-10
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 8236-3
    ISSN 1619-7089 ; 0340-6997 ; 1619-7070
    ISSN (online) 1619-7089
    ISSN 0340-6997 ; 1619-7070
    DOI 10.1007/s00259-013-2639-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: FDG PET-CT in pediatric Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

    Jessop, Sophie / Crudgington, Donna / London, Kevin / Kellie, Stewart / Howman-Giles, Robert

    Pediatric blood & cancer

    2019  Volume 67, Issue 1, Page(s) e28034

    Abstract: Objective: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) in pediatric patients presents with single-system or multisystem disease. Accurate staging is essential for selecting the most appropriate therapy ranging from local surgery to chemotherapy.: Methods: A ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) in pediatric patients presents with single-system or multisystem disease. Accurate staging is essential for selecting the most appropriate therapy ranging from local surgery to chemotherapy.
    Methods: A retrospective review was undertaken of reported fludeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography - computed tomography (PET-CT) scans performed in children with LCH from June 2006 to February 2017. Findings were compared with a reference standard of biopsy or informed clinical follow-up.
    Results: One hundred nine scans were performed in 33 patients (age 7 weeks to 18 years). Nineteen patients had single-system, bone unifocal disease; seven patients had single-system, bone multifocal disease; four patients had single-system, skin unifocal disease; two patients had multisystem disease; and one patient had single-system, lymph node disease. Twenty-six scans were performed to stage biopsy-proven LCH, and 83 scans were performed during follow-up to assess treatment response or recurrence after therapy completion. At staging, FDG PET-CT detected all sites of biopsy-proven LCH (except where bone unifocal disease had been resected). There was one false-positive thymic finding that resolved without therapy. The per-patient false-positive rate of FDG PET-CT at staging was 4% (1/26). During follow-up, five LCH recurrences and one case of progressive disease on therapy occurred, all positive on FDG PET-CT. During follow-up two patients had FDG PET-CT scans with false-positive findings and one patient with a magnetic resonance imaging false-positive finding. The per-scan false-positive rate of FDG PET-CT during follow-up was 2% (2/83).
    Conclusions: FDG PET-CT is highly sensitive for the staging and follow-up of pediatric patients with LCH, and has a very low false-positive rate.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Follow-Up Studies ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell/diagnostic imaging ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell/pathology ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell/therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnostic imaging ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/therapy ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods ; Prognosis ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; Retrospective Studies
    Chemical Substances Radiopharmaceuticals ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 (0Z5B2CJX4D)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-10-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2131448-2
    ISSN 1545-5017 ; 1545-5009
    ISSN (online) 1545-5017
    ISSN 1545-5009
    DOI 10.1002/pbc.28034
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Sentinel lymph node biopsy in pediatric and adolescent patients: a proven technique.

    Howman-Giles, Robert / Uren, Roger F / Thompson, John

    Annals of surgery

    2014  Volume 259, Issue 6, Page(s) e86

    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes/pathology ; Male ; Melanoma/pathology ; Skin Neoplasms/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comment ; Letter
    ZDB-ID 340-2
    ISSN 1528-1140 ; 0003-4932
    ISSN (online) 1528-1140
    ISSN 0003-4932
    DOI 10.1097/SLA.0000000000000350
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Methodological issues in the evaluation of FDG PET/CT accuracy in pediatric lymphoma.

    London, Kevin / Howman-Giles, Robert

    European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging

    2010  Volume 37, Issue 11, Page(s) 2200–2201

    MeSH term(s) Child ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Lymphoma/diagnostic imaging ; Lymphoma/radiotherapy ; Positron-Emission Tomography/methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
    Chemical Substances Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 (0Z5B2CJX4D)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-09-04
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 8236-3
    ISSN 1619-7089 ; 0340-6997 ; 1619-7070
    ISSN (online) 1619-7089
    ISSN 0340-6997 ; 1619-7070
    DOI 10.1007/s00259-010-1594-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Imaging sentinel lymph nodes.

    Uren, Roger F / Howman-Giles, Robert / Chung, David / Thompson, John F

    Cancer journal (Sudbury, Mass.)

    2015  Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 25–32

    Abstract: As the technique of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has evolved over the last 22 years, it has become increasingly evident that accurate SLN imaging is vital to allow surgical removal of only the true SLN(s) and not other nodes. Identifying the ... ...

    Abstract As the technique of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has evolved over the last 22 years, it has become increasingly evident that accurate SLN imaging is vital to allow surgical removal of only the true SLN(s) and not other nodes. Identifying the lymphatic collectors draining a tumor site and following them to the draining SLNs defines which nodes need to be removed for careful histologic examination. Current technology allows the exact location of each SLN to be defined. This allows the full benefits of SLN biopsy to be achieved, that is, highly accurate lymph node staging with minimal morbidity. In melanoma and breast cancer, the current practice of preoperative lymphoscintigraphy (LS) using peritumoral injections of tracer or injection adjacent to an excision biopsy site with dynamic imaging to visualize the lymphatic collectors and delayed imaging including single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography gives the best results. This information informs the surgical approach and allows rapid excision of the SLNs at surgery.In patients with visceral tumors where the primary cancer site is difficult to access, it appears that using fluorophores that are fluorescent under near-infrared light, injected during surgery, is evolving as the preferred technique.
    MeSH term(s) Diagnostic Imaging/methods ; Humans ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2018400-1
    ISSN 1540-336X ; 1528-9117 ; 1081-4442
    ISSN (online) 1540-336X
    ISSN 1528-9117 ; 1081-4442
    DOI 10.1097/PPO.0000000000000092
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Ga-67 and CT fusion imaging of an infected aortic graft.

    London, Kevin / Howman-Giles, Robert

    Clinical nuclear medicine

    2008  Volume 33, Issue 1, Page(s) 41–43

    Abstract: A 17-year-old girl with a background of aortic coarctation repaired with insertion of a prosthetic graft presented with persisting fever and nonspecific back pain. Whole body Ga-67 scintigraphy was performed to evaluate occult infection. Intense uptake ... ...

    Abstract A 17-year-old girl with a background of aortic coarctation repaired with insertion of a prosthetic graft presented with persisting fever and nonspecific back pain. Whole body Ga-67 scintigraphy was performed to evaluate occult infection. Intense uptake was noted in the region of the superior mediastinum. Fusing Ga-67 tomographic reconstruction with CT images allowed accurate determination of the area of enhanced uptake to be at the site of the aortic graft.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Aortic Coarctation/surgery ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis ; Female ; Gallium Radioisotopes ; Humans ; Prosthesis-Related Infections/diagnostic imaging ; Staphylococcal Infections/diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, Emission-Computed ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
    Chemical Substances Gallium Radioisotopes
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 197628-x
    ISSN 1536-0229 ; 0363-9762
    ISSN (online) 1536-0229
    ISSN 0363-9762
    DOI 10.1097/RLU.0b013e31815c50eb
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Extrarenal malignant rhabdoid tumor in childhood application of 18F-FDG PET/CT.

    Howman-Giles, Robert / McCowage, Geoffrey / Kellie, Stewart / Graf, Nicole

    Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology

    2012  Volume 34, Issue 1, Page(s) 17–21

    Abstract: Extrarenal malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) is a rare malignancy in childhood and has a poor prognosis. Accurate histopathologic diagnosis and staging of the malignancy has major implications for patient management. The application of F-fluoro-deoxy- ... ...

    Abstract Extrarenal malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) is a rare malignancy in childhood and has a poor prognosis. Accurate histopathologic diagnosis and staging of the malignancy has major implications for patient management. The application of F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) in pediatric malignancy has been well described and is having a significant clinical impact in many common pediatric cancers, in particular lymphoma, brain tumors, bone and soft tissue sarcomas. The use of PET/CT using F-FDG in rare tumors such as MRT is unclear. Two cases of MRT in childhood are described. One patient, a 12-year-old female, was shown to have extensive metastatic disease on PET/CT, showed poor response to chemotherapy and progression of disease detected on PET/CT. Her management was changed to palliative care. The second child, a 20-month-old female, presented with a parapharyngeal mass. The initial magnetic resonance imaging showed the mass and possible metastatic ipsilateral cervical lymph nodes. The initial staging PET/CT confirmed avid metabolic activity in the tumor and regional node involvement but no distant metastases. She showed an initial good but incomplete response on PET/CT and magnetic resonance imaging to chemotherapy and her treatment program was changed. The patient relapsed with recurrent pharyngeal tumor and her management was changed to palliative care. MRT accumulate F-FDG avidly. PET/CT was helpful in the initial staging, assessing response to treatment, and in clinical decisions at various stages of management for both patients.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Infant ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Multimodal Imaging/methods ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; Rhabdoid Tumor/diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
    Chemical Substances Radiopharmaceuticals ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 (0Z5B2CJX4D)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1231152-2
    ISSN 1536-3678 ; 1077-4114 ; 0192-8562
    ISSN (online) 1536-3678
    ISSN 1077-4114 ; 0192-8562
    DOI 10.1097/MPH.0b013e31822541a6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Guidelines for lymphoscintigraphy and F18 FDG PET scans in melanoma.

    Uren, Roger F / Howman-Giles, Robert / Chung, David / Thompson, John F

    Journal of surgical oncology

    2011  Volume 104, Issue 4, Page(s) 405–419

    Abstract: Melanoma has a high potential to develop metastases. Accurate staging is essential for appropriate management. Sentinel node (SN) status is a powerful prognostic factor in early stage melanoma. Staging is assisted by SN biopsy after lymphoscintigraphy to ...

    Abstract Melanoma has a high potential to develop metastases. Accurate staging is essential for appropriate management. Sentinel node (SN) status is a powerful prognostic factor in early stage melanoma. Staging is assisted by SN biopsy after lymphoscintigraphy to locate all true SNs prior to biopsy. PET using F18-FDG can detect metastases and is used to restage patients with AJCC Stages III and IV disease before planning surgery with curative intent.
    MeSH term(s) Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes/diagnostic imaging ; Melanoma/diagnostic imaging ; Melanoma/pathology ; Neoplasm Staging ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Radiometry ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy ; Skin/diagnostic imaging ; Skin Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Skin Neoplasms/pathology
    Chemical Substances Radiopharmaceuticals ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 (0Z5B2CJX4D)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 82063-5
    ISSN 1096-9098 ; 0022-4790
    ISSN (online) 1096-9098
    ISSN 0022-4790
    DOI 10.1002/jso.21770
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