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  1. Article ; Online: A new editor for a unique globally focused journal.

    Abrams, Steven A

    Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)

    2023  Volume 14, Issue 5, Page(s) 947

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2583634-1
    ISSN 2156-5376 ; 2156-5376
    ISSN (online) 2156-5376
    ISSN 2156-5376
    DOI 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.07.001
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  2. Article: Bone Health in School Age Children: Effects of Nutritional Intake on Outcomes.

    Abrams, Steven A

    Frontiers in nutrition

    2021  Volume 8, Page(s) 773425

    Abstract: The maximum rate of bone mass accumulation is during early adolescence. As such, a focus on optimizing mineral nutrition in school age children, defined here as approximately 5 to 15 years of age, is crucial to minimize the risk of bone loss that occurs ... ...

    Abstract The maximum rate of bone mass accumulation is during early adolescence. As such, a focus on optimizing mineral nutrition in school age children, defined here as approximately 5 to 15 years of age, is crucial to minimize the risk of bone loss that occurs later in life leading to osteoporosis and fractures. Optimizing bone mass in this age group requires attention to an overall healthy diet including adequate calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and vitamin D. Special concerns may exist related to children who follow a restricted diet such as a vegan diet, those with intolerance or allergies to dairy, and those with chronic health conditions including young adolescents with eating disorders. Public policy messages should focus on positive aspects of bone health nutrition in this age group and avoid overly specific statements about the exact amounts of foods needed for healthy bones. In this regard, dietary recommendations for minerals vary between North America and Europe and these are higher than the values that may be necessary in other parts of the world. The management of many children with chronic illnesses includes the use of medications that may affect their bone mineral metabolism. Routine lab testing for bone mineral metabolism including the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level is not indicated, but is valuable for at-risk children, especially those with chronic illnesses.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-19
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2776676-7
    ISSN 2296-861X
    ISSN 2296-861X
    DOI 10.3389/fnut.2021.773425
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  3. Article ; Online: Vitamin D and bone minerals in neonates.

    Abrams, Steven A

    Early human development

    2021  Volume 162, Page(s) 105461

    Abstract: Osteopenia and rickets remain a problem for high-risk infants, especially preterm infants <1500 g birthweight (very low birth weight, VLBW). The primary cause of osteopenia in VLBW infants is a low intake of calcium and phosphorus compared to ... ...

    Abstract Osteopenia and rickets remain a problem for high-risk infants, especially preterm infants <1500 g birthweight (very low birth weight, VLBW). The primary cause of osteopenia in VLBW infants is a low intake of calcium and phosphorus compared to requirements for the rapidly growing skeleton. Human milk is a relatively low mineral containing substance and cannot meet the bone mineral needs of very low birth weight infants. As such, most VLBW infants need additional bone minerals and in many neonatal care units these are provided as part of human milk fortificants or specialized infant formulas. In some nurseries, these are given to all infants < 1800-2000 g birthweight. Management of full-term infants who are small for gestational age at birth is less clear, but in general bone mineral content is associated more with body size than gestational age and supplementation is often provided to these infants. Although all infants, including preterm ones need a source of vitamin D, the benefits of providing high doses of vitamin D to healthy preterm neonates is unproven. Some evidence indicates that most calcium absorption is non-vitamin D dependent in the first weeks of life in both preterm and term infants. However, after achieving full feeds in the preterm infant, it is prudent to provide vitamin D at amounts comparable to that used in full-term infants. Higher doses increase serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels more rapidly, but evidence is inconclusive as to the relative benefits vs possible risks of higher doses. In healthy full-term infants, although vitamin D provision via supplement drops to the breastfed infant, high dose maternal supplementation to the lactating mother or infant formula is generally recommended, the current evidence only strongly supports its use in identified at-risk infants.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Lactation ; Minerals ; Vitamin D ; Vitamins
    Chemical Substances Minerals ; Vitamins ; Vitamin D (1406-16-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-02
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 752532-1
    ISSN 1872-6232 ; 0378-3782
    ISSN (online) 1872-6232
    ISSN 0378-3782
    DOI 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2021.105461
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  4. Article ; Online: Perspective: Is It Time to Revise the Current Nutrient Requirements for Infant Formulas Principally Established in 1980?

    Abrams, Steven A / Bergner, Erynn M

    Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)

    2023  Volume 14, Issue 3, Page(s) 426–431

    Abstract: Because of the production of nutrient-deficient infant formulas (IFs), the United States Congress passed regulations on the composition and production of IF, referred to as the Infant Formula Act (IFA), in 1980, which was amended in 1986. More detailed ... ...

    Abstract Because of the production of nutrient-deficient infant formulas (IFs), the United States Congress passed regulations on the composition and production of IF, referred to as the Infant Formula Act (IFA), in 1980, which was amended in 1986. More detailed FDA rules have been created since then, specifying the ranges or minimum intakes of nutrients and providing details for the safe production and evaluation of infant formulas. Although generally effective in ensuring safe IF, recent events have made it clear that a re-evaluation of aspects of all the nutrient composition regulations for IF is needed, including consideration of adding requirements related to bioactive nutrients not mentioned in the IFA. We propose that, as principal examples, the requirement for iron content needs to be re-evaluated and that DHA and AA should be considered for addition to the nutrient requirements after scientific review by a panel such as those established by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Additionally, there is no specific requirement in current FDA regulations for the energy density of IF, and this should be added alongside potential revisions of the protein requirement. It would also be ideal to have specific FDA rules on nutrient intakes for premature infants as these are exempted from the specific nutrient regulations of the amended IFA.
    MeSH term(s) Infant, Newborn ; Infant ; Humans ; United States ; Infant Formula ; Infant, Premature ; Nutritional Requirements ; Nutrients ; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2583634-1
    ISSN 2156-5376 ; 2156-5376
    ISSN (online) 2156-5376
    ISSN 2156-5376
    DOI 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.02.006
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  5. Article ; Online: Vitamin D in Preterm and Full-Term Infants.

    Abrams, Steven A

    Annals of nutrition & metabolism

    2020  Volume 76 Suppl 2, Page(s) 6–14

    Abstract: Vitamin D is necessary for the active (transcellular) absorption of calcium and for skeletal health. Inadequate vitamin D in infants leads to increased risks of poor bone mineralization and ultimately rickets. Rickets is uncommon in full-term infants ... ...

    Abstract Vitamin D is necessary for the active (transcellular) absorption of calcium and for skeletal health. Inadequate vitamin D in infants leads to increased risks of poor bone mineralization and ultimately rickets. Rickets is uncommon in full-term infants with a much higher risk in very premature infants. However, the primary cause of rickets in premature infants is a deficiency of calcium and phosphorus, not vitamin D. Available research, as well as most guidelines, recommend an intake of 400 IU daily of vitamin D as adequate for bone health in preterm and full-term infants. Higher doses have not been consistently shown to have specific clinical benefits for healthy infants. There are no strong data to support either routine testing of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D or targeting high serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (e.g., 30 ng/mL) in healthy preterm or full-term infants. Vitamin D is commonly provided to infants via drops for breastfed babies or via infant formula, although alternative dosing approaches exist for breastfed infants, which some families may prefer. These include the use of drops placed on the mother's breast, dissolvable doses, and high maternal doses (approximately 6,400 IU daily). Infant formula contains vitamin D, and most infants will reach an intake from formula of about 400 IU daily within the first 2 months of life if they are consuming routine cow milk-based formula. Although vitamin D toxicity is very uncommon, caution should be used to avoid extremely concentrated high doses found in some commercially available drops. Infants with liver or kidney disease may need special attention to vitamin D intake and status. Further research is needed to define the role of vitamin D in non-bone health outcomes of infants and to identify methods to enhance compliance with current recommendations for vitamin D intake in infants.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature/blood ; Infant, Premature, Diseases/blood ; Male ; Rickets/blood ; Rickets/etiology ; Term Birth/blood ; Vitamin D/analogs & derivatives ; Vitamin D/blood ; Vitamin D Deficiency/blood ; Vitamin D Deficiency/complications
    Chemical Substances Vitamin D (1406-16-2) ; 25-hydroxyvitamin D (A288AR3C9H)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-24
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 392341-1
    ISSN 1421-9697 ; 0250-6807 ; 1018-9688
    ISSN (online) 1421-9697
    ISSN 0250-6807 ; 1018-9688
    DOI 10.1159/000508421
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    Ue I Zs.260: Show issues Location:
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  6. Article ; Online: Selected Micronutrient Needs of Children 1-3 Years of Age.

    Abrams, Steven A

    Nestle Nutrition Institute workshop series

    2020  Volume 95, Page(s) 67–77

    Abstract: Establishing dietary recommendations for micronutrients in young children is difficult. Techniques used to evaluate nutrient intake and bioavailability are hard to apply in this age group. Additionally, large variations in growth rates, dietary patterns, ...

    Abstract Establishing dietary recommendations for micronutrients in young children is difficult. Techniques used to evaluate nutrient intake and bioavailability are hard to apply in this age group. Additionally, large variations in growth rates, dietary patterns, and nutrient losses in early childhood make determinations of dietary requirements difficult. Most recent studies have utilized stable isotopes to determine mineral absorption for iron, zinc, calcium, and magnesium. Vitamin D requirements have been established based on the dietary intake required to maintain a presumed adequate serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration. Comparisons of nutrient requirements established using factorial methods involving absorption determinations and usual population intake are important to identify nutrients of concern related to deficient or excess intakes. Generally, in the USA, the intakes of calcium and magnesium are adequate to meet requirements in most toddler diets which include a milk source or a mineral-fortified milk alternative. Zinc and iron intakes can be below requirements in a substantial proportion of toddlers throughout the world, especially those with minimal meat consumption. Dietary vitamin D is generally below dietary recommendations, but clearly deficient serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are less common, and the global role for routine vitamin D supplementation or fortification of the diet remains uncertain.
    MeSH term(s) Child, Preschool ; Diet ; Dietary Supplements ; Energy Intake ; Humans ; Infant ; Micronutrients ; Nutritional Requirements
    Chemical Substances Micronutrients
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-04
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 1664-2155
    ISSN (online) 1664-2155
    DOI 10.1159/000511507
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  7. Article ; Online: Infant and child formula shortages: now is the time to prevent recurrences.

    Abrams, Steven A / Duggan, Christopher P

    The American journal of clinical nutrition

    2022  Volume 116, Issue 2, Page(s) 289–292

    Abstract: An acute shortage of infant formulas in the United States occurred in early 2022, exacerbating a longer-standing, less severe shortage that has occurred over the last several years. The shortage has been particularly problematic for specialized formulas ... ...

    Abstract An acute shortage of infant formulas in the United States occurred in early 2022, exacerbating a longer-standing, less severe shortage that has occurred over the last several years. The shortage has been particularly problematic for specialized formulas such as those needed for infants and children with food allergies, intestinal failure, kidney disease, and metabolic disorders. Although undoubtedly the magnitude of the current shortage will abate over time, it has affected many children and caused tremendous distress for thousands of families. We propose a series of interventions to be undertaken as soon as feasible to help ensure that the conditions that led to this problem do not recur and families regain confidence in the safety and supply reliability of formulas for infants and young children regardless of their medical needs.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Child, Preschool ; Food Hypersensitivity/prevention & control ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Food ; Infant Formula ; Reproducibility of Results ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 280048-2
    ISSN 1938-3207 ; 0002-9165
    ISSN (online) 1938-3207
    ISSN 0002-9165
    DOI 10.1093/ajcn/nqac149
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  8. Book: Bone health in children

    Abrams, Steven A. / Hawthorne, Keli M.

    2012  

    Author's details Steven A. Abrams ; Keli M. Hawthorne
    Language English
    Size XIX, 221 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., 24 cm
    Publisher CRC Press
    Publishing place Boca Raton u.a.
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Book
    HBZ-ID HT017143569
    ISBN 978-1-4398-4926-2 ; 1-4398-4926-9
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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    Shelf markLoan statusLocation
    2012 A 1606 order for loan Magazin

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  9. Article ; Online: Long-Term Growth and Body Composition Consequences of Using Fortified Donor Milk or Preterm Formula for Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants.

    Abrams, Steven A

    The Journal of nutrition

    2019  Volume 150, Issue 2, Page(s) 188–189

    MeSH term(s) Body Composition ; Humans ; Infant Formula ; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight/growth & development ; Milk, Human
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-10-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 218373-0
    ISSN 1541-6100 ; 0022-3166
    ISSN (online) 1541-6100
    ISSN 0022-3166
    DOI 10.1093/jn/nxz264
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  10. Article ; Online: Older Infant-Young Child "Formulas".

    Fuchs, George J / Abrams, Steven A / Amevor, A Adjowa

    Pediatrics

    2023  Volume 152, Issue 5

    Abstract: The category of "formulas" directed at older infants and toddlers 6 to 36 months of age has increased in prominence over the last years but is characterized by lack of standardization in nomenclature and composition as well as questionable marketing ... ...

    Abstract The category of "formulas" directed at older infants and toddlers 6 to 36 months of age has increased in prominence over the last years but is characterized by lack of standardization in nomenclature and composition as well as questionable marketing practices. There has been uncertainty and misperception regarding some of the roles of these beverages in ensuring adequate childhood nutrition. The aim of this clinical report is to review the context, evidence, and rationale for older infant-young child formulas, followed by recommendations.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Infant ; Beverages ; Food, Formulated ; Infant Formula ; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Nutritional Status ; Child, Preschool
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 207677-9
    ISSN 1098-4275 ; 0031-4005
    ISSN (online) 1098-4275
    ISSN 0031-4005
    DOI 10.1542/peds.2023-064050
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