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Article: Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation in Reducing Inflammation: An Umbrella Review.

McRae, Marc P

2022 Volume 22, Issue 2, Page(s) 131–137

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study was to review meta-analyses on the effectiveness of coenzyme Q10 supplementation in reducing inflammation through changes in the inflammatory biomarkers C-reactive protein, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The purpose of this study was to review meta-analyses on the effectiveness of coenzyme Q10 supplementation in reducing inflammation through changes in the inflammatory biomarkers C-reactive protein, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Methods: An umbrella review of all published meta-analyses was performed. A PubMed search from January 1, 1980, to December 31, 2021, was conducted using the following search strategy: "(coenzyme q10 OR CoQ10 OR ubiquinone OR ubiquinol) AND (meta-analysis OR systematic review)". Only English language publications that provided quantitative statistical analysis on coenzyme Q10 supplementation and markers of inflammation were retrieved. Results: Seven meta-analyses were retrieved for inclusion in this umbrella review, and for all 3 inflammatory biomarker marker groups, the median intake of supplemental coenzyme Q10 was 200 mg/d for a median duration of 12 weeks. For C-reactive protein, only 3 of the 7 meta-analyses presented with statistically significant reductions, while statistically significant reductions in IL-6 and TNF-α for were observed in 4 of the 5 meta-analyses and 3 of the 4 meta-analyses, respectively. However, statistically significant heterogeneity was observed in the majority of these meta-analyses. Conclusion: The majority of included meta-analyses showed that coenzyme Q10 supplementation significantly decreased the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α. However, heterogeneity was observed in the majority of these meta-analyses, and therefore the results should be interpreted with caution.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2365038-2
ISSN	1556-3715 ; 1556-3707
ISSN (online)	1556-3715
ISSN	1556-3707
DOI	10.1016/j.jcm.2022.07.001
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Effectiveness of Fiber Supplementation for Constipation, Weight Loss, and Supporting Gastrointestinal Function: A Narrative Review of Meta-Analyses.

McRae, Marc P

Journal of chiropractic medicine

2020 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 58–64

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this narrative review is to determine whether published meta-analyses support the use of fiber supplementation in the treatment of constipation, weight loss, and dietary support for gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The purpose of this narrative review is to determine whether published meta-analyses support the use of fiber supplementation in the treatment of constipation, weight loss, and dietary support for gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease. Methods: A PubMed search from January 1, 1980, to July 31, 2019, was conducted with the following search strategy: (fiber OR fibre) AND (meta-analysis OR systematic review) AND (constipation OR body weight OR obesity OR irritable bowel syndrome OR inflammatory bowel disease). Meta-analyses that provided quantitative statistical analysis with a measured effect size were retrieved and accepted into this review. The following was extracted and entered into an Excel spreadsheet: number of publications included in the meta-analysis, number of total participants, fiber type and daily dose, pooled treatment effects for clinical endpoints, or summary relative risks. Results: Eighteen meta-analyses support dietary fiber supplementation for patients with constipation, weight loss, and IBS, but the significant heterogeneity and publication bias undermine the support for using dietary fiber supplementation in these conditions. Conclusion: This narrative review of meta-analyses finds some benefits for recommending fiber supplementation to patients with constipation, obesity, and IBS, but significant heterogeneity and publication bias undermine this support.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2365038-2
ISSN	1556-3715 ; 1556-3707
ISSN (online)	1556-3715
ISSN	1556-3707
DOI	10.1016/j.jcm.2019.10.008
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: The Benefits of Dietary Fiber Intake on Reducing the Risk of Cancer: An Umbrella Review of Meta-analyses.

McRae, Marc P

Journal of chiropractic medicine

2018 Volume 17, Issue 2, Page(s) 90–96

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study was to review previously published meta-analyses on the effectiveness of dietary fiber on reducing the incidence of cancer.: Methods: An umbrella review of all published meta-analyses was performed. A PubMed ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The purpose of this study was to review previously published meta-analyses on the effectiveness of dietary fiber on reducing the incidence of cancer. Methods: An umbrella review of all published meta-analyses was performed. A PubMed search from January 1, 1980 to June 30, 2017 was conducted using the following search strategy: (fiber OR fibre) AND (meta-analysis OR systematic review) AND (cancer OR carcinoma). Only English-language publications that provided quantitative statistical analysis on cancer were retrieved. Results: Nineteen meta-analyses comparing highest vs lowest dietary fiber intake were retrieved for inclusion in this umbrella review. There was a statistically significant reduction in the relative risk (RR) of colorectal, esophageal, gastric, and pancreatic cancer (RR = 0.52-0.88); however, statistically significant heterogeneity was observed in the meta-analyses on esophageal, gastric, and pancreatic cancer. There was a statistically significant reduction in the RR of breast cancer (RR = 0.85-0.93). Conclusion: This review suggests that those consuming the highest amounts of dietary fiber may benefit from a reduction in the incidence of developing colorectal cancer, and there also appears to be a small reduction in the incidence of breast cancer.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-06-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2365038-2
ISSN	1556-3715 ; 1556-3707
ISSN (online)	1556-3715
ISSN	1556-3707
DOI	10.1016/j.jcm.2017.12.001
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Dietary Fiber Intake and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Umbrella Review of Meta-analyses.

McRae, Marc P

Journal of chiropractic medicine

2018 Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 44–53

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study was to review previously published meta-analyses on the effectiveness of dietary fiber on type 2 diabetes.: Methods: An umbrella review of all published meta-analyses was performed. A PubMed search from January 1, ...

Abstract	Objective: The purpose of this study was to review previously published meta-analyses on the effectiveness of dietary fiber on type 2 diabetes. Methods: An umbrella review of all published meta-analyses was performed. A PubMed search from January 1, 1980, to April 30, 2017, was conducted using the following search strategy: (fiber OR glucan OR psyllium) AND (meta-analysis OR systematic review). Only English-language publications that provided quantitative statistical analysis on type 2 diabetes, fasting blood glucose concentrations, or glycosylated hemoglobin were retrieved. Results: Sixteen meta-analyses were retrieved for inclusion in this umbrella review. In the meta-analyses comparing highest versus lowest dietary fiber intake, there was a statistically significant reduction in the relative risk (RR) of type 2 diabetes (RR = 0.81-0.85), with the greatest benefit coming from cereal fibers (RR = 0.67-0.87). However, statistically significant heterogeneity was observed in all of these meta-analyses. In the meta-analyses of supplementation studies using β-glucan or psyllium fibers on type 2 diabetic participants, statistically significant reductions were identified in both fasting blood glucose concentrations and glycosylated hemoglobin percentages. Conclusion: This review suggests that those consuming the highest amounts of dietary fiber, especially cereal fiber, may benefit from a reduction in the incidence of developing type 2 diabetes. There also appears to be a small reduction in fasting blood glucose concentration, as well as a small reduction in glycosylated hemoglobin percentage for individuals with type 2 diabetes who add β-glucan or psyllium to their daily dietary intake.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-03-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2365038-2
ISSN	1556-3715 ; 1556-3707
ISSN (online)	1556-3715
ISSN	1556-3707
DOI	10.1016/j.jcm.2017.11.002
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Dietary Fiber Is Beneficial for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: An Umbrella Review of Meta-analyses.

McRae, Marc P

Journal of chiropractic medicine

2017 Volume 16, Issue 4, Page(s) 289–299

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study was to review previously published meta-analyses on the effectiveness of dietary fiber on cardiovascular disease.: Methods: An umbrella review of all published meta-analyses was performed. A PubMed search from ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The purpose of this study was to review previously published meta-analyses on the effectiveness of dietary fiber on cardiovascular disease. Methods: An umbrella review of all published meta-analyses was performed. A PubMed search from January 1, 1980, to January 31, 2017, was conducted using the following search strategy: (fiber OR glucan OR psyllium OR fructans) AND (meta-analysis OR systematic review). Only English-language publications that provided quantitative statistical analysis on cardiovascular disease, lipid concentrations, or blood pressure were retrieved. Results: Thirty-one meta-analyses were retrieved for inclusion in this umbrella review, and all meta-analyses comparing highest versus lowest dietary fiber intake reported statistically significant reductions in the relative risk (RR) of cardiovascular disease mortality (RR = 0.77-0.83), as well as the incidences of cardiovascular disease (RR = 0.72-0.91), coronary heart disease (RR = 0.76-0.93), and stroke (RR = 0.83-0.93). Meta-analyses on supplementation studies using β-glucan or psyllium fibers also reported statistically significant reductions in both total serum and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. Conclusion: This review suggests that individuals consuming the highest amounts of dietary fiber intake can significantly reduce their incidence and mortality from cardiovascular disease. Mechanistically, these beneficial effects may be due to dietary fibers' actions on reducing total serum and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations between 9.3 to 14.7 mg/dL and 10.8 to 13.5 mg/dL, respectively.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-10-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2365038-2
ISSN	1556-3715 ; 1556-3707
ISSN (online)	1556-3715
ISSN	1556-3707
DOI	10.1016/j.jcm.2017.05.005
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Therapeutic benefits of glutamine: An umbrella review of meta-analyses.

McRae, Marc P

Biomedical reports

2017 Volume 6, Issue 5, Page(s) 576–584

Abstract: Glutamine may be an essential amino acid in patients with catabolic disease, as it has been demonstrated that circulating glutamine levels drop during critical illness and following major surgery; this may result in an increase in secondary infection ... ...

Abstract	Glutamine may be an essential amino acid in patients with catabolic disease, as it has been demonstrated that circulating glutamine levels drop during critical illness and following major surgery; this may result in an increase in secondary infection risk, recovery time and mortality rates. However, there is much discrepancy in the literature with regards to randomized controlled studies, and therefore, the present study is an umbrella review of published meta-analyses, conducted to examine the effectiveness of glutamine's role as a therapeutic agent. A search using PubMed, Cochrane Library and CINAHL from January 1st, 1980 to December 31st, 2016 was conducted using the following strategy: 'Glutamine AND (meta-analysis OR systematic review)' and publications were retrieved, which provided quantitative statistical analysis of pooled treatment effects on the relative risks of infectious complications, mortality and length of stay in hospital. A total of 22 meta-analyses were entered into the current umbrella review. As displayed in Tables I, II and III, these analyses are split into three groups, based on different parameters. Of the 19 meta-analyses investigating the effects of infectious complications, 15 identified statistically significant reductions in complications, with relative risks ranging between 0.42 and 0.93. In addition, 12 of the 18 meta-analyses analyzing the length of hospital stays presented statistically significant reductions in the length of stay, with reductions ranging between 0.19 to 4.73 days. Only 4 of the 15 meta-analyses studying mortality effects identified statistically significant reductions in mortality with relative risks ranging between 0.64 and 1.28. Statistically significant heterogeneity was observed in 16 of 22 meta-analyses, and publication bias was observed in five of 11 meta-analyses. Glutamine supplementation for critically ill or surgical patients through parenteral or enteral routes appears to reduce the rate of hospital acquired infectious complications and shortening of the length of stay in hospital. Furthermore, glutamine supplementation appeared to reduce the rate of in-patient mortality, but the majority of meta-analyses did not reach statistical significance. However, researchers must appreciate the positive results with caution in light of the fact that there exists statistically significant heterogeneity for the majority of meta-analyses, and statistically significant publication bias in almost half.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-04-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2763624-0
ISSN	2049-9442 ; 2049-9434
ISSN (online)	2049-9442
ISSN	2049-9434
DOI	10.3892/br.2017.885
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Health Benefits of Dietary Whole Grains: An Umbrella Review of Meta-analyses.

McRae, Marc P

Journal of chiropractic medicine

2016 Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 10–18

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study is to review the effectiveness of the role of whole grain as a therapeutic agent in type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and obesity.: Methods: An umbrella review of all published meta-analyses was ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The purpose of this study is to review the effectiveness of the role of whole grain as a therapeutic agent in type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and obesity. Methods: An umbrella review of all published meta-analyses was performed. A PubMed search from January 1, 1980, to May 31, 2016, was conducted using the following search strategy: (whole grain OR whole grains) AND (meta-analysis OR systematic review). Only English language publications that provided quantitative statistical analysis on type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and weight loss were retrieved. Results: Twenty-one meta-analyses were retrieved for inclusion in this umbrella review, and all the meta-analyses reported statistically significant positive benefits for reducing the incidence of type 2 diabetes (relative risk [RR] = 0.68-0.80), cardiovascular disease (RR = 0.63-0.79), and colorectal, pancreatic, and gastric cancers (RR = 0.57-0.94) and a modest effect on body weight, waist circumference, and body fat mass. Significant reductions in cardiovascular and cancer mortality were also observed (RR = 0.82 and 0.89, respectively). Some problems of heterogeneity, publication bias, and quality assessment were found among the studies. Conclusion: This review suggests that there is some evidence for dietary whole grain intake to be beneficial in the prevention of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and colorectal, pancreatic, and gastric cancers. The potential benefits of these findings suggest that the consumption of 2 to 3 servings per day (~45 g) of whole grains may be a justifiable public health goal.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-11-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2365038-2
ISSN	1556-3715 ; 1556-3707
ISSN (online)	1556-3715
ISSN	1556-3707
DOI	10.1016/j.jcm.2016.08.008
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Therapeutic Benefits of l-Arginine: An Umbrella Review of Meta-analyses.

McRae, Marc P

Journal of chiropractic medicine

2016 Volume 15, Issue 3, Page(s) 184–189

Abstract: Objective: l-Arginine is a semi-essential amino acid that is the substrate for nitric oxide production by vascular endothelial and immune cells. Nitric oxide production by these cells is essential for both blood pressure regulation and immune regulation. ...

Abstract	Objective: l-Arginine is a semi-essential amino acid that is the substrate for nitric oxide production by vascular endothelial and immune cells. Nitric oxide production by these cells is essential for both blood pressure regulation and immune regulation. However, there is much discrepancy in the literature when it comes to randomized controlled studies, and so this umbrella review of published meta-analyses was performed to examine the efficacy of l-arginine's role as a therapeutic agent. Methods: There was an overall search of the literature from January 1, 1980 through December 31, 2015 of three separate databases-PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature-using the following search strategy: (arginine) AND (meta-analysis OR systematic review). Only English language publications were retrieved that provided quantitative statistical analysis of outcomes on blood pressure and immune function. Results: The 7 meta-analyses that were included in this umbrella review reported significant positive benefits for reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure in hypertensive adults by 2.2 to 5.4 mm Hg and 2.7 to 3.1 mm Hg, respectively, reducing diastolic blood pressure in pregnant women with gestational hypertension by 4.9 mm Hg, and reducing the length of stay in the hospital for surgical patients; in addition, 2 of the 3 meta-analyses indicated a 40% reduction in the incidence of hospital-acquired infections. However, these positive results should be considered with caution because statistically significant heterogeneity was observed in 5 of the 7 meta-analyses. Conclusions: Some evidence appears to support the benefit of l-arginine supplementation for reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure in hypertensive adults and reducing the incidence of hospital-acquired infections and the length of stay in the hospital for surgical patients. Given the limitations of the included studies, interpretations should be made with caution.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-09-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2365038-2
ISSN	1556-3715 ; 1556-3707
ISSN (online)	1556-3715
ISSN	1556-3707
DOI	10.1016/j.jcm.2016.06.002
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Betaine supplementation decreases plasma homocysteine in healthy adult participants: a meta-analysis.

McRae, Marc P

Journal of chiropractic medicine

2013 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 20–25

Abstract: ... 61 to - 0.85; P = .01).: Conclusion: Supplementation with at least 4g/d of betaine for a minimum ...

Abstract	Objective: Betaine supplementation has been shown to be an effective agent for decreasing plasma homocysteine in healthy adults. Studies in healthy volunteers show that 6 g/d of betaine lowers plasma homocysteine concentrations by 5% to 20%. The purpose of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials that used daily betaine supplementation to identify the range in betaine's effects on lowering homocysteine. Methods: Five randomized controlled trials published between 2002 and 2010 were identified using MEDLINE and a manual search. All 5 studies used health adult participants who were supplemented with at least 4 g/d of betaine for between 6 and 24 weeks. A meta-analysis was carried out using a random-effects model, and the overall effect size was calculated for changes in plasma homocysteine. Results: The pooled estimate of effect for betaine supplementation on plasma homocysteine was a reduction of 1.23 μmol/L, which was statistically significant (95% confidence interval, - 1.61 to - 0.85; P = .01). Conclusion: Supplementation with at least 4g/d of betaine for a minimum of 6 weeks can lower plasma homocysteine.
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-07-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2365038-2
ISSN	1556-3715 ; 1556-3707
ISSN (online)	1556-3715
ISSN	1556-3707
DOI	10.1016/j.jcm.2012.11.001
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Correlation of preadmission organic chemistry courses and academic performance in biochemistry at a midwest chiropractic doctoral program.

McRae, Marc P

The Journal of chiropractic education

2010 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 30–34

Abstract: ... those in the first and fourth quartiles was 63.2% and 86.9% for organic chemistry 1 (p < .001) and 60.9% and 79.4 ... for organic chemistry 2 (p < .001).: Conclusion: This study shows that organic chemistry can be used as an indicator ...

Abstract	Purpose: Organic chemistry has been shown to correlate with academic success in the preclinical years of medicine, dentistry, and graduate physiology. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between undergraduate organic chemistry grades and first-semester biochemistry grades at a Midwest chiropractic doctoral program. Methods: Students enrolled in a first-semester biochemistry course who had completed the prerequisite courses in organic chemistry offered at this same institution were entered into the study. The total grade for each of the three courses was calculated using the midterm and final exam raw scores with a weighting of 50% each. Analysis consisted of obtaining correlation coefficients between the total grades of organic 1 with biochemistry and organic 2 with biochemistry. Using the biochemistry total grade, the students were divided into quartiles and course grades for both organic chemistry 1 and 2 were calculated. Results: For the 109 students in the study, the correlation coefficient between the biochemistry and organic chemistry 1 and biochemistry and organic chemistry 2 courses was r = 0.744 and r = 0.725, respectively. The difference in organic chemistry grades between those in the first and fourth quartiles was 63.2% and 86.9% for organic chemistry 1 (p < .001) and 60.9% and 79.4% for organic chemistry 2 (p < .001). Conclusion: This study shows that organic chemistry can be used as an indicator of future academic success in a chiropractic biochemistry course. Knowledge of such a relationship could prove useful to identify students who may potentially run into academic difficulty with first-year biochemistry.
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-03-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2374-250X
ISSN (online)	2374-250X
DOI	10.7899/1042-5055-24.1.30
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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