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Article ; Online: Race- and Gender-Specific Associations between Neighborhood-Level Socioeconomic Status and Body Mass Index: Evidence from the Southern Community Cohort Study.

Giurini, Lauren / Lipworth, Loren / Murff, Harvey J / Zheng, Wei / Warren Andersen, Shaneda

International journal of environmental research and public health

2023 Volume 20, Issue 23

Abstract: Obesity and a low socioeconomic status (SES), measured at the neighborhood level, are more common among Americans of Black race and with a low individual-level SES. We examined the association between the neighborhood SES and body mass index (BMI) using ... ...

Abstract	Obesity and a low socioeconomic status (SES), measured at the neighborhood level, are more common among Americans of Black race and with a low individual-level SES. We examined the association between the neighborhood SES and body mass index (BMI) using data from 80,970 participants in the Southern Community Cohort Study, a cohort that oversamples Black and low-SES participants. BMI (kg/m
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Female ; United States ; Body Mass Index ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Cohort Studies ; Social Class ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Residence Characteristics
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph20237122
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Article ; Online: Metformin's role in lowering colorectal cancer risk among individuals with diabetes from the Southern Community Cohort Study.

Lawler, Thomas / Walts, Zoe L / Giurini, Lauren / Steinwandel, Mark / Lipworth, Loren / Murff, Harvey J / Zheng, Wei / Warren Andersen, Shaneda

Cancer epidemiology

2024 Volume 90, Page(s) 102566

Abstract: Background: Metformin, utilized to manage hyperglycemia, has been linked to a reduced risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) among individuals with diabetes. However, evidence is lacking for non-Hispanic Black individuals and those with lower socioeconomic ... ...

Abstract	Background: Metformin, utilized to manage hyperglycemia, has been linked to a reduced risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) among individuals with diabetes. However, evidence is lacking for non-Hispanic Black individuals and those with lower socioeconomic status (SES), who face elevated risk for both diabetes and CRC. In this study, we investigated the association between metformin use and incident CRC risk within the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS), a racially- and SES-diverse prospective cohort. Methods: Participants reported their diabetes diagnosis and medications, including metformin, upon enrollment (2002-2009) and during follow-up surveys approximately every five years. Incident cases of CRC were identified through state cancer registries and the National Death Index. Proportional hazards models were employed to explore the relationship between metformin use and CRC risk, adjusted for cancer risk factors. Results: A total of 25,992 participants with diabetes were included in the analysis, among whom 10,095 were taking metformin. Of these participants, 76% identified as non-Hispanic Black, and 60% reported household incomes <$15,000/year. Metformin use was associated with a significantly lower CRC risk (HR [95% CI]: 0.71 [0.55-0.93]), with consistent results for both colon (0.80 [0.59-1.07]) and rectal cancers (0.49 [0.28-0.86]). The protective association appeared to be stronger among non-Hispanic White individuals (0.51 [0.31-0.85]) compared to non-Hispanic Black participants (0.80 [0.59-1.08], p-interaction =.13). Additionally, a protective association was observed among obese individuals (BMI ≥30 kg/m
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-21
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2508729-0
ISSN	1877-783X ; 1877-7821
ISSN (online)	1877-783X
ISSN	1877-7821
DOI	10.1016/j.canep.2024.102566
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Zs.A 1427: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Association of cardiometabolic comorbidities with mortality among low-income Black and White Americans.

Pradhan, Pranoti / Wen, Wanqing / Shrubsole, Martha / Steinwandel, Mark / Han, Xijing / Powers, Alvin C / Lipworth, Loren / Zheng, Wei

Journal of the National Medical Association

2024 Volume 116, Issue 2 Pt 1, Page(s) 189–201

Abstract: Methods: Investigated the association of multiple cardiometabolic comorbidities with total/major cause-specific mortality and evaluate if this association might be modified by race among predominantly low-income Black and White participants.: Methods!# ...

Abstract	Methods: Investigated the association of multiple cardiometabolic comorbidities with total/major cause-specific mortality and evaluate if this association might be modified by race among predominantly low-income Black and White participants. Methods: The Southern Community Cohort Study, prospective cohort study. Participants (40-79 years) recruited predominantly from community health centers across 12 states in southeastern United States. Enrollment began in 2002 and concluded in 2009, follow-up until 2020. Cardiometabolic comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke) ascertained at the baseline survey. Cox proportional hazard models used. Results: Study included 76,721 participants; 16,197, 41,944, 5,247, and 4,919 participants with prior diagnosis of diabetes, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and stroke, respectively at baseline. Compared to individuals with no comorbidity, individuals with any single comorbidity experienced a significantly 30 to 90% increased rate of death due to any causes. The increase in mortality was elevated with an increasing number of comorbidities, with HR of 3.81 (95% CI: 3.26-4.46) and a cumulative risk of 62.5% at age 75 years for total mortality for those with four comorbidities. The risk was high for death due to cardiovascular diseases (HR: 6.18, 95% CI: 5.12-7.47). These associations were stronger among Blacks than Whites. Individuals with four comorbidities at age 40 years were estimated to have a 16-year loss in life expectancy compared with those without any comorbidity. Conclusion: Cardiometabolic comorbidities were associated with increases in all-cause and major cause-specific mortality, particularly Black Americans. This study calls for effective measures to prevent cardiometabolic comorbidities to reduce premature deaths in underserved Americans.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; United States/epidemiology ; Aged ; Adult ; Black or African American ; Cohort Studies ; Prospective Studies ; White ; Comorbidity ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Myocardial Infarction ; Stroke/epidemiology ; Hypertension/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	419737-9
ISSN	1943-4693 ; 0027-9684
ISSN (online)	1943-4693
ISSN	0027-9684
DOI	10.1016/j.jnma.2024.01.009
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Article ; Online: Genetic Variants Associated With Systolic Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents.

Pike, Mindy M / Schildcrout, Jonathan / Baldwin, Scott / Edwards, Todd / Lipworth, Loren / Robinson-Cohen, Cassianne

Journal of the American Heart Association

2023 Volume 12, Issue 3, Page(s) e027993

Abstract: Background Genetics, along with lifestyle and behavioral characteristics, play an important role in hypertension in adults. Our aim was to identify genetic variants associated with blood pressure in childhood and adolescence. Methods and Results We ... ...

Abstract	Background Genetics, along with lifestyle and behavioral characteristics, play an important role in hypertension in adults. Our aim was to identify genetic variants associated with blood pressure in childhood and adolescence. Methods and Results We conducted a candidate single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis and genome-wide association study among 9778 participants aged <18 years in BioVU, the Vanderbilt University Medical Center biobank. The outcome was childhood blood pressure percentile from age 0 to 18 years. For the candidate SNP analysis, a total of 457 previously identified SNPs were examined. Linear regression was used to test the association between genetic variants and median systolic blood pressure (SBP) percentile. Adjusted models included median age, self-reported sex, race, the first 4 principal components of ancestry, and median body mass index
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Blood Pressure/genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Hypertension/diagnosis ; Hypertension/epidemiology ; Hypertension/genetics ; Linear Models ; Plasma Membrane Calcium-Transporting ATPases/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Risk Factors
Chemical Substances	ATP2B1 protein, human ; Plasma Membrane Calcium-Transporting ATPases (EC 3.6.3.8)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2653953-6
ISSN	2047-9980 ; 2047-9980
ISSN (online)	2047-9980
ISSN	2047-9980
DOI	10.1161/JAHA.122.027993
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Article ; Online: Intrauterine devices as an exposure risk for urinary tract infections: A scoping review.

Lo, Claire T / Abraham, Abin / Lipworth, Loren / Aronoff, David M

American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)

2021 Volume 86, Issue 5, Page(s) e13476

Abstract: Background: The intrauterine device (IUD) as a potential source of uro-gynecologic infection has raised concern for decades. While a causal link between IUD and pelvic inflammatory disease has been refuted, the relationship between IUDs and urinary ... ...

Abstract	Background: The intrauterine device (IUD) as a potential source of uro-gynecologic infection has raised concern for decades. While a causal link between IUD and pelvic inflammatory disease has been refuted, the relationship between IUDs and urinary tract infections (UTIs) remains incompletely understood. Methods: We used a PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library search strategy to identify studies evaluating UTI occurrence and microbial signatures among women exposed to IUD. We evaluated the question, "what is currently known about the IUD as an exposure risk for UTIs?" Results: Nine studies met inclusion criteria and were summarized in this structured, scoping review. Studies to date have not reported a significant association between IUD exposue and UTI occurence. While all nine studies acknowledged the breadth of contraceptive methods, none evaluated the impact of different IUD types (i.e., copper vs. hormone-eluting) on UTI incidence. Conclusion: Small sample sizes and inconsistent UTI definitions limit the current literature. Future studies should rigorously define the UTI phenotype and evaluate the association of UTI with IUD exposure accounting for known covariates.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Intrauterine Devices/adverse effects ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Urinary Tract Infections/diagnosis ; Urinary Tract Infections/epidemiology ; Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-12
Publishing country	Denmark
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	604542-x
ISSN	1600-0897 ; 0271-7352 ; 8755-8920 ; 1046-7408
ISSN (online)	1600-0897
ISSN	0271-7352 ; 8755-8920 ; 1046-7408
DOI	10.1111/aji.13476
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Zs.A 1653: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Physical activity in association with mortality among Black women diagnosed with breast cancer in the Southern Community Cohort Study.

Nechuta, Sarah J / Lipworth, Loren / Chen, Wendy Y / Shu, Xiao Ou / Zheng, Wei / Blot, William J

Cancer causes & control : CCC

2022 Volume 34, Issue 3, Page(s) 277–286

Abstract: Purpose: Physical activity (PA) is associated with many health benefits. While PA has been associated with reduced mortality after breast cancer diagnosis in many studies, few studies have examined the role of PA in breast cancer survival among ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Physical activity (PA) is associated with many health benefits. While PA has been associated with reduced mortality after breast cancer diagnosis in many studies, few studies have examined the role of PA in breast cancer survival among underserved and minority populations, including Black women. We investigated PA in association with mortality among Black predominantly low-income breast cancer survivors in the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS). Methods: Study participants were women diagnosed with incident breast cancer (n = 949) in the SCCS, which is a prospective cohort study of predominantly low-income adults aged 40-79 years recruited from 12 Southeastern states between 2002 and 2009. Participants completed a detailed baseline questionnaire, with annual follow-up for mortality via registry linkages. Cox regression models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations of pre-diagnosis PA (measured via a validated questionnaire) with all-cause and breast cancer-specific mortality. Results: Breast cancer survivors had a mean age of 61.1 years and most (79.3%) had a household income of < $25,000. In adjusted models, higher levels of total PA (MET-hours/day) were inversely associated with all-cause mortality with HRs (95% CIs): 0.79 (0.59-1.06), 0.66 (0.49-0.90), and 0.60 (0.43-0.84), for Q2, Q3, and Q4 (reference: Q1), respectively, p Conclusion: Higher levels of pre-diagnosis PA were associated with improved survival among low-income Black breast cancer survivors. Resources to reduce barriers to PA participation and increase support for education and intervention efforts to promote PA among Black women are needed.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Cohort Studies ; Prospective Studies ; Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Exercise ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-22
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1064022-8
ISSN	1573-7225 ; 0957-5243
ISSN (online)	1573-7225
ISSN	0957-5243
DOI	10.1007/s10552-022-01663-x
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Zs.A 3375: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Sociocultural Factors, Access to Healthcare, and Lifestyle: Multifactorial Indicators in Association with Colorectal Cancer Risk.

Warren Andersen, Shaneda / Zheng, Wei / Steinwandel, Mark / Murff, Harvey J / Lipworth, Loren / Blot, William J

Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.)

2022 Volume 15, Issue 9, Page(s) 595–603

Abstract: Black Americans of low socioeconomic status (SES) have higher colorectal cancer incidence than other groups in the United States. However, much of the research that identifies colorectal cancer risk factors is conducted in cohorts of high SES and non- ... ...

Abstract	Black Americans of low socioeconomic status (SES) have higher colorectal cancer incidence than other groups in the United States. However, much of the research that identifies colorectal cancer risk factors is conducted in cohorts of high SES and non-Hispanic White participants. Adult participants of the Southern Community Cohort Study (N = 75,182) were followed for a median of 12.25 years where 742 incident colorectal cancers were identified. The majority of the cohort are non-Hispanic White or Black and have low household income. Cox models were used to estimate HRs for colorectal cancer incidence associated with sociocultural factors, access to and use of healthcare, and healthy lifestyle scores to represent healthy eating, alcohol intake, smoking, and physical activity. The association between Black race and colorectal cancer was consistent and not diminished by accounting for SES, access to healthcare, or healthy lifestyle [HR = 1.34; 95% confidence interval (CI),1.10-1.63]. Colorectal cancer screening was a strong, risk reduction factor for colorectal cancer (HR = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.55-0.78), and among colorectal cancer-screened, Black race was not associated with risk. Participants with high school education were at lower colorectal cancer risk (HR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.67-0.98). Income and neighborhood-level SES were not strongly associated with colorectal cancer risk. Whereas individual health behaviors were not associated with risk, participants that reported adhering to ≥3 health behaviors had a 19% (95% CI, 1-34) decreased colorectal cancer risk compared with participants that reported ≤1 behaviors. The association was consistent in fully-adjusted models, although HRs were no longer significant. Colorectal cancer screening, education, and a lifestyle that includes healthy behaviors lowers colorectal cancer risk. Racial disparities in colorectal cancer risk may be diminished by colorectal cancer screening. Prevention relevance: Colorectal cancer risk may be reduced through screening, higher educational attainment and performing more health behaviors. Importantly, our data show that colorectal cancer screening is an important colorectal cancer prevention strategy to eliminate the racial disparity in colorectal cancer risk. See related Spotlight, p. 561.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Cohort Studies ; Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Colorectal Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Colorectal Neoplasms/prevention & control ; Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; Life Style ; Racial Groups ; Risk Factors ; Socioeconomic Factors ; United States/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2434717-6
ISSN	1940-6215 ; 1940-6207
ISSN (online)	1940-6215
ISSN	1940-6207
DOI	10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-22-0090
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Zs.A 6766: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Impacts of Poverty and Lifestyles on Mortality: A Cohort Study in Predominantly Low-Income Americans.

Liu, Lili / Wen, Wanqing / Shrubsole, Martha J / Lipworth, Loren E / Mumma, Michael T / Ackerly, Brooke A / Shu, Xiao-Ou / Blot, William J / Zheng, Wei

American journal of preventive medicine

2024

Abstract: Introduction: Low socioeconomic status has been linked to increased mortality. However, the impacts of poverty, alone or combined with health behaviors, on mortality and life expectancy have not been adequately investigated.: Methods: Data from the ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Low socioeconomic status has been linked to increased mortality. However, the impacts of poverty, alone or combined with health behaviors, on mortality and life expectancy have not been adequately investigated. Methods: Data from the Southern Community Cohort Study was used, including nearly 86,000 participants recruited during 2002-2009 across 12 US southeastern states. Analysis was conducted from February 2022 to January 2023. Results: During a median follow-up of 12.1 years, 19,749 deaths were identified. A strong dose-response relationship was found between household incomes and mortality, with a 3.3-fold (95%CI=3.1-3.6) increased all-cause mortality observed for individuals in the lowest income group (<$15,000/year) compared with those in the highest group (≥$50,000/year). Within each income group, mortality monotonically increased with declining healthy lifestyle score. Risk was significantly lower among those in the lowest income but healthiest lifestyle group, compared to those with the highest income but unhealthiest lifestyle (HR=0.82, 95%CI=0.69-0.97). Poor White participants appeared to experience higher all-cause mortality than poor Black participants. Life expectancy was more than 10.0 years shorter for those in the lowest income group compared with those in the highest income group. Conclusions: Poverty is strongly associated with increased risk of death, but the risks could be modestly abated by a healthier lifestyle. These findings call for a comprehensive strategy for enhancing a healthy lifestyle and improving income equality to reduce death risks, particularly among those experiencing health disparities due to poverty.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-27
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632646-8
ISSN	1873-2607 ; 0749-3797
ISSN (online)	1873-2607
ISSN	0749-3797
DOI	10.1016/j.amepre.2024.02.015
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Zs.A 2096: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Type 2 Diabetes and Colorectal Cancer Risk.

Lawler, Thomas / Walts, Zoe L / Steinwandel, Mark / Lipworth, Loren / Murff, Harvey J / Zheng, Wei / Warren Andersen, Shaneda

JAMA network open

2023 Volume 6, Issue 11, Page(s) e2343333

Abstract: Importance: Type 2 diabetes and colorectal cancer (CRC) disproportionately burden indviduals of low socioeconomic status and African American race. Although diabetes is an emerging CRC risk factor, associations between diabetes and CRC in these ... ...

Abstract	Importance: Type 2 diabetes and colorectal cancer (CRC) disproportionately burden indviduals of low socioeconomic status and African American race. Although diabetes is an emerging CRC risk factor, associations between diabetes and CRC in these populations are understudied. Objective: To determine if diabetes is associated with CRC risk in a cohort representing understudied populations. Design, setting, and participants: This cohort study uses data from the prospective Southern Community Cohort Study in the US, which recruited from 2002 to 2009 and completed 3 follow-up surveys by 2018. Of about 85 000 participants, 86% enrolled at community health centers, while 14% were enrolled via mail or telephone from the same 12 recruitment states. Participants with less than 2 years of follow-up, previous cancer diagnosis (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) at enrollment, missing enrollment diabetes status, diabetes diagnosis before age 30, and without diabetes at enrollment with no follow-up participation were excluded. Data were analyzed from January to September 2023. Exposures: Physician-diagnosed diabetes and age at diabetes diagnosis were self-reported via survey at enrollment and 3 follow-ups. Main outcomes and measures: Diabetes diagnosis was hypothesized to be positively associated with CRC risk before analysis. Incident CRC was assessed via state cancer registry and National Death Index linkage. Hazard ratios and 95% CIs were obtained via Cox proportional hazard models, using time-varying diabetes exposure. Results: Among 54 597 participants, the median (IQR) enrollment age was 51 (46-58) years, 34 786 (64%) were female, 36 170 (66%) were African American, and 28 792 (53%) had income less than $15 000 per year. In total, 289 of 25 992 participants with diabetes developed CRC, vs 197 of 28 605 participants without diabetes. Diabetes was associated with increased CRC risk (hazard ratio [HR], 1.47; 95% CI, 1.21-1.79). Greater associations were observed among participants without colonoscopy screening (HR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.16-3.67) and with smoking history (HR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.14-2.31), potentially due to cancer screening differences. Greater associations were also observed for participants with recent diabetes diagnoses (diabetes duration <5 years compared with 5-10 years; HR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.77-3.67), possibly due to recent screening. Conclusions and relevance: In this study where the majority of participants were African American with low socioeconomic status, diabetes was associated with elevated CRC risk, suggesting that diabetes prevention and control may reduce CRC disparities. The association was attenuated for those who completed colonoscopies, highlighting how adverse effects of diabetes-related metabolic dysregulation may be disrupted by preventative screening.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Colorectal Neoplasms/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2574-3805
ISSN (online)	2574-3805
DOI	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.43333
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Article ; Online: Interaction between Continuous Pack-Years Smoked and Polygenic Risk Score on Lung Cancer Risk: Prospective Results from the Framingham Heart Study.

Duncan, Meredith S / Diaz-Zabala, Hector / Jaworski, James / Tindle, Hilary A / Greevy, Robert A / Lipworth, Loren / Hung, Rayjean J / Freiberg, Matthew S / Aldrich, Melinda C

Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology

2024 Volume 33, Issue 4, Page(s) 500–508

Abstract: Background: Lung cancer risk attributable to smoking is dose dependent, yet few studies examining a polygenic risk score (PRS) by smoking interaction have included comprehensive lifetime pack-years smoked.: Methods: We analyzed data from participants ...

Abstract	Background: Lung cancer risk attributable to smoking is dose dependent, yet few studies examining a polygenic risk score (PRS) by smoking interaction have included comprehensive lifetime pack-years smoked. Methods: We analyzed data from participants of European ancestry in the Framingham Heart Study Original (n = 454) and Offspring (n = 2,470) cohorts enrolled in 1954 and 1971, respectively, and followed through 2018. We built a PRS for lung cancer using participant genotyping data and genome-wide association study summary statistics from a recent study in the OncoArray Consortium. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to assess risk and the interaction between pack-years smoked and genetic risk for lung cancer adjusting for European ancestry, age, sex, and education. Results: We observed a significant submultiplicative interaction between pack-years and PRS on lung cancer risk (P = 0.09). Thus, the relative risk associated with each additional 10 pack-years smoked decreased with increasing genetic risk (HR = 1.56 at one SD below mean PRS, HR = 1.48 at mean PRS, and HR = 1.40 at one SD above mean PRS). Similarly, lung cancer risk per SD increase in the PRS was highest among those who had never smoked (HR = 1.55) and decreased with heavier smoking (HR = 1.32 at 30 pack-years). Conclusions: These results suggest the presence of a submultiplicative interaction between pack-years and genetics on lung cancer risk, consistent with recent findings. Both smoking and genetics were significantly associated with lung cancer risk. Impact: These results underscore the contributions of genetics and smoking on lung cancer risk and highlight the negative impact of continued smoking regardless of genetic risk.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/etiology ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics ; Smoke ; Genetic Risk Score ; Prospective Studies ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Risk Factors ; Longitudinal Studies
Chemical Substances	Smoke
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1153420-5
ISSN	1538-7755 ; 1055-9965
ISSN (online)	1538-7755
ISSN	1055-9965
DOI	10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-23-0571
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