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Article ; Online: Change Management in Medical Institutions

Said Said Elshama

Iberoamerican Journal of Medicine, Vol 3, Iss 2, Pp 161-

Implementation View

2021 Volume 168

Abstract: Change is a learning process modeling the attitudes and values of the involved staff to adapt and show the change in daily work life. Leading the change in medical schools or in the health care system is considered one of the assignments of successful ... ...

Abstract	Change is a learning process modeling the attitudes and values of the involved staff to adapt and show the change in daily work life. Leading the change in medical schools or in the health care system is considered one of the assignments of successful leadership that can achieve an effective organizational change under complex conditions. This review aims to show an implementation view about how to manage the change in medical institutions and how to overcome obstacles, and how to face the challenges. The resistance to change represents a major obstacle to the change process in any medical school or health care system. Thus, it should address this resistance by creating a suitable climate for carrying out the change based on a flexible strategy that may be translated into practical steps during the implementation. Moreover, the change should be institutionalized wherein new behaviors are persisting and generalizing in the medical school or the health care system as a result of the change application. In addition, the successful management of change in any medical school or system requires a well-functioning and efficient management system for achieving the intended results. Therefore, many benefits may be gained as a result of the success of a change process in any organization wherein it improves the effectiveness and efficiency of organizational and staff performance besides creating an opportunity for getting the best practices.
Keywords	change ; management ; implementation ; medical institutions ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	650
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Emergency Department of Hospital San Pedro (Logroño, Spain)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: How to Use Moulage as a Simulation Tool in Medical Education?

Said Said Elshama

Iberoamerican Journal of Medicine, Vol 2, Iss 3, Pp 219-

2020 Volume 222

Abstract: The promotion of student engagement in simulation-based learning depends on authenticity, fidelity, and realism. Moulage is a simulation of illnesses or physical signs onto standardized patient or manikin via using makeup techniques or other elements ... ...

Abstract	The promotion of student engagement in simulation-based learning depends on authenticity, fidelity, and realism. Moulage is a simulation of illnesses or physical signs onto standardized patient or manikin via using makeup techniques or other elements acting as visual and tactile cues to promote learner engagement through more real-world experience. Therefore, moulage may be used broadly in medical education wherein its authenticity helps to improve the learning outcomes and performance of students in different medical branches such as dermatology, surgery, emergency medicine, anatomy, and forensic medicine. Nowadays, Moulage is already used in the assessment of a medical student as well as in the learning process in many medical schools. However, although the use of moulage as a creative simulation tool in medical education has a positive impact on the educational process, it faces many obstacles and challenges at the same time along with its tangible benefits. Therefore, moulage is not magic as well as it is not fantasy or mock, but it is a fantastic vehicle for representing and simulating the real event promoting realism and motivating students' engagement and immersion.
Keywords	simulation ; moulage ; medical education ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Emergency Department of Hospital San Pedro (Logroño, Spain)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: How to Use and Apply Assessment Tools in Medical Education?

Said Said Elshama

Iberoamerican Journal of Medicine, Vol 2, Iss 4, Pp 351-

2020 Volume 359

Abstract: Assessment in medical education usually gives the evidence that learning was carried out and the learning objectives were achieved. The assessment program is a measurement tool to evaluate the progress in knowledge, skills, behaviors, and the attitude of ...

Abstract	Assessment in medical education usually gives the evidence that learning was carried out and the learning objectives were achieved. The assessment program is a measurement tool to evaluate the progress in knowledge, skills, behaviors, and the attitude of students. So, the planning for an effective assessment program should be based on instructional objectives, instructional activities, and efficient assessment methods. Thus, a well-designed assessment procedure should be characterized by validity and reliability. There are two methods for interpreting the results of students’ performance, norm-referenced and criterion-referenced; the first gives a relative ranking of students while the second describes learning tasks that students can and cannot perform. The information that gets from the assessment results should be used effectively to evaluate and revise the instructional course for more improvement. Therefore, the reporting of the assessment results to stakeholders should be clear, comprehensive, and understandable to prevent misinterpretation that may affect students and other stakeholders adversely.
Keywords	assessment ; methods ; medical education ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	370
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Emergency Department of Hospital San Pedro (Logroño, Spain)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: How to Design and Apply an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) in Medical Education?

Said Said Elshama

Iberoamerican Journal of Medicine, Vol 3, Iss 1, Pp 51-

2020 Volume 55

Abstract: The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is considered a gold standard summative and formative assessment method wherein it is a comprehensive and standardized tool assessing the clinical competencies including psychomotor domain, attitudes, ... ...

Abstract	The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is considered a gold standard summative and formative assessment method wherein it is a comprehensive and standardized tool assessing the clinical competencies including psychomotor domain, attitudes, and behaviors that will be manifested in the real work of the medical graduates. Therefore, the implementation of OSCE depends on the design of a blueprint that consists of two axes; the first axis is the tested competencies according to the learning objectives while the second axis represents a system or problem that is related to these competencies. Thus, the blueprint of OSCE is a translation for the learning objectives into clinical competences such as history taking, physical examination, radiographic and laboratory data interpretation, technical skills, attitudinal behaviors, and counseling skills. In addition, the utility index proved that OSCE has a good balance for acceptability, reliability, validity, credibility, feasibility, cost, and educational impact. However, the use of OSCE for the students' assessment is considered expensive and exhausted because it requires many facilities, a great deal of the personnel besides the needed consuming time for its application.
Keywords	objective structured clinical examination ; educational assessment ; medical education ; clinical competence ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	370
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Emergency Department of Hospital San Pedro (Logroño, Spain)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: How to Apply Problem-Based Learning in Medical Education? A Critical Review

Said Said Elshama

Iberoamerican Journal of Medicine, Vol 2, Iss 1, Pp 14-

2019 Volume 18

Abstract: Problem-based learning (PBL) is a cornerstone of modern medical education. Principles of PBL are the construction of knowledge, prior knowledge activation, organization of knowledge, elaboration of knowledge, stepwise transfer across contexts and ... ...

Abstract	Problem-based learning (PBL) is a cornerstone of modern medical education. Principles of PBL are the construction of knowledge, prior knowledge activation, organization of knowledge, elaboration of knowledge, stepwise transfer across contexts and cooperation with other learners. It provides the ability to identify the knowledge, generate and analyze hypotheses that lead to the differential diagnosis of the case according to the complaint of the patient by using history taking, physical exam, and investigations. Application of any innovation such as PBL faces many challenges and obstacles that are related to the students, tutors, learning environment and other stakeholders. We can overcome these obstacles by more training sessions for tutors and students. In addition, the construction of PBL curriculum should be based on a community-oriented approach because it depends on the priorization of common health problems in the surrounding community.
Keywords	problem-based learning ; obstacles ; challenges ; medical education ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Emergency Department of Hospital San Pedro (Logroño, Spain)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Histopathological Study of Cyclosporine Pulmonary Toxicity in Rats.

Elshama, Said Said / El-Kenawy, Ayman El-Meghawry / Osman, Hosam-Eldin Hussein

Journal of toxicology

2016 Volume 2016, Page(s) 2973274

Abstract: Cyclosporine is considered one of the common worldwide immunosuppressive drugs that are used for allograft rejection prevention. However, articles that address adverse effects of cyclosporine use on the vital organs such as lung are still few. This study ...

Abstract	Cyclosporine is considered one of the common worldwide immunosuppressive drugs that are used for allograft rejection prevention. However, articles that address adverse effects of cyclosporine use on the vital organs such as lung are still few. This study aims to investigate pulmonary toxic effect of cyclosporine in rats by assessment of pulmonary histopathological changes using light and electron microscope examination. Sixty male adult albino rats were divided into three groups; each group consists of twenty rats. The first received physiological saline while the second and third groups received 25 and 40 mg/kg/day of cyclosporine, respectively, by gastric gavage for forty-five days. Cyclosporine reduced the lung and body weight with shrinkage or pyknotic nucleus of pneumocyte type II, degeneration of alveoli and interalveolar septum beside microvilli on the alveolar surface, emphysema, inflammatory cellular infiltration, pulmonary blood vessels congestion, and increase of fibrous tissues in the interstitial tissues and around alveoli with negative Periodic Acid-Schiff staining. Prolonged use of cyclosporine induced pulmonary ultrastructural and histopathological changes with the lung and body weight reduction depending on its dose.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-01-28
Publishing country	Egypt
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2495098-1
ISSN	1687-8205 ; 1687-8191
ISSN (online)	1687-8205
ISSN	1687-8191
DOI	10.1155/2016/2973274
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Toxicological evaluation of subchronic use of pioglitazone in mice.

Elshama, Said Said / El-Kenawy, Ayman El-Meghawry / Osman, Hosam-Eldin Hussein

Iranian journal of basic medical sciences

2016 Volume 19, Issue 7, Page(s) 712–719

Abstract: Objectives: Pioglitazone (Actos) is one of the most controversial recent oral antidiabetic drugs. It was originally authorized in the European Union in 2000, and approved as an oral monotherapy for overweight second type of diabetic patients in 2002. It ...

Abstract	Objectives: Pioglitazone (Actos) is one of the most controversial recent oral antidiabetic drugs. It was originally authorized in the European Union in 2000, and approved as an oral monotherapy for overweight second type of diabetic patients in 2002. It belongs to the thiazolidinedione group which some of its members have been withdrawn from the market due to the hepatotoxicity or cardiotoxicity effects. This study investigates sub-chronic use of pioglitazone induced toxicity in mice by the assessment of renal and liver function tests, cardiac enzymes, and some hematological indices with histological changes of liver, kidney, heart, and bladder. Materials and methods: 120 albino mice were divided into four groups; 30 in each. The first group (control) received water, second (diabetic) group received alloxan only, while the third and the fourth groups received alloxan with 200 and 400 mg/kg/day of pioglitazone, respectively for 90 days. Results: Prolonged use of pioglitazone induced significant abnormalities of hepatic, renal, and cardiac biomarkers and some hematological indices associated with histopathological changes in the liver, kidney, heart, and bladder that increased based on administered dose. Conclusion: Subchronic use of pioglitazone leads to hepatic, renal, cardiac, hematological, and bladder affection depending on the applied dose.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-08-26
Publishing country	Iran
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2500485-2
ISSN	2008-3874 ; 2008-3866
ISSN (online)	2008-3874
ISSN	2008-3866
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Curcumin improves atorvastatin-induced myotoxicity in rats: Histopathological and biochemical evidence.

Elshama, Said Said / El-Kenawy, Ayman El-Meghawry / Osman, Hosam-Eldin Hussein

International journal of immunopathology and pharmacology

2016 Volume 29, Issue 4, Page(s) 742–752

Abstract: Atorvastatin is considered to be one of the most commonly used of all statins anti-hyperlipidemic drugs despite the fact that there is much controversy about its safety. Its therapeutic use becomes severely limited by the hazards of inducing myotoxicity. ...

Abstract	Atorvastatin is considered to be one of the most commonly used of all statins anti-hyperlipidemic drugs despite the fact that there is much controversy about its safety. Its therapeutic use becomes severely limited by the hazards of inducing myotoxicity. Curcumin is one of the safe spices that have chemoprotection and cytoprotection effects against endogenous and exogenous noxious stimuli. This study investigates the effect of curcumin on atorvastatin sub-chronic use-induced myotoxicity in rats by the assessment of serum creatinine phosphokinase, lactic acid dehydrogenase, myoglobin, troponin, potassium, creatinine, and histopathological changes of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles by light and electron microscope examination. Eighty adult albino rats were divided into four groups; each group consists of 20 rats. The control group received water, the second group received atorvastatin, the third group received curcumin, and the fourth group received curcumin with atorvastatin for 90 days by gastric gavage. The prolonged use of atorvastatin induced significant abnormalities of all myotoxicity biomarkers associated with histopathological and ultrastructural changes in the different types of the muscles. Co-administration of curcumin with sub-chronic use of atorvastatin led to an improvement in myotoxicity manifestations.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Atorvastatin Calcium/adverse effects ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Creatinine/metabolism ; Curcumin/pharmacology ; Cytoprotection/drug effects ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/metabolism ; Muscles/drug effects ; Muscles/metabolism ; Myoglobin/metabolism ; Potassium/metabolism ; Rats ; Troponin/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Myoglobin ; Troponin ; Atorvastatin Calcium (48A5M73Z4Q) ; Creatinine (AYI8EX34EU) ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) ; Curcumin (IT942ZTH98) ; Potassium (RWP5GA015D)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	645171-8
ISSN	2058-7384 ; 0394-6320
ISSN (online)	2058-7384
ISSN	0394-6320
DOI	10.1177/0394632016656186
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Postmortem identification of spermatozoa on human skin based on fluorescent monoclonal antibody method.

Elshama, Said S / Aly, Sanaa M / Abdalla, Metwally E / Hassan, Wael A

Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii

2018 Volume 67, Issue 2, Page(s) 121–133

Abstract: Identification of semen residues has relevant consequences, especially for what concerns the ascertainment of possible sexual assault. Forensic scientists usually focus on the vaginal swab for semen detection despite the importance of semen deposition on ...

Title translation	Pośmiertna identyfikacja plemników na skórze ludzkiej przy wykorzystaniu znakowanych fluorescencyjnie przeciwciał monoklonalnych.
Abstract	Identification of semen residues has relevant consequences, especially for what concerns the ascertainment of possible sexual assault. Forensic scientists usually focus on the vaginal swab for semen detection despite the importance of semen deposition on the skin. Postmortem identification of spermatozoa on putrefied human skin is still under investigation. Sperm Hy-Liter™ is an antibody technique, used to identify human spermatozoa heads in forensic stains. This approach has the potential to eliminate spermatozoa visualization problems in a traditional method. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare between the traditional method (light microscope and staining via hematoxylin/eosin) and a fluorescence-based method (by using fluorescent microscope and staining via Sperm Hy-Liter™) for postmortem identification of spermatozoa on human skin at different time intervals. A piece of human skin was divided into three strips; the first was a negative control while semen was spread on the second and third skin strips. The first (control) and second groups were stained by hematoxylin/eosin for light microscopic examinations. The third group was stained by Sperm Hy-Liter™ then examined under fluorescent microscope. The results revealed that the spermatozoa identifiability was up to 110 days based on Sperm Hy-Liter™ and fluorescent microscope, while it was up to 12 days via using hematoxylin/eosin and light microscope. Further studies are recommended in order to verify not only the accuracy of the used method on skin of dead victims but also to evaluate persistence of spermatozoa on different body sites and fabrics.
MeSH term(s)	Autopsy ; Female ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique/methods ; Forensic Medicine/methods ; Humans ; Male ; Microscopy, Fluorescence/methods ; Skin/cytology ; Specimen Handling ; Spermatozoa/cytology
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-24
Publishing country	Poland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2780064-7
ISSN	1689-1716 ; 0324-8267
ISSN (online)	1689-1716
ISSN	0324-8267
DOI	10.5114/amsik.2017.71453
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Effects of Physalis peruviana L on Toxicity and Lung Cancer Induction by Nicotine Derived Nitrosamine Ketone in Rats.

El-Kenawy, Ayman El-Meghawry / Elshama, Said Said / Osman, Hosam-Eldin Hussein

Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP

2015 Volume 16, Issue 14, Page(s) 5863–5868

Abstract: Nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) is considered a key tobacco smoke carcinogen inducing lung tumors. Physalis peruviana L (harankash) is considered one plant with marked health benefits. This study aimed to evaluate Physalis peruviana L effect on ...

Abstract	Nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) is considered a key tobacco smoke carcinogen inducing lung tumors. Physalis peruviana L (harankash) is considered one plant with marked health benefits. This study aimed to evaluate Physalis peruviana L effect on the toxic effect of NNK induced lung cancer in the rats by using pulmonary histopathological, immunohistochemical and DNA flow cytometric analyses. Sixty adult male rats were divided into four groups, each consisting of fifteen animals. The first group received saline, the second received two successive toxic doses of NNK only while the third received two successive toxic doses of NNK with a single daily dose of Physalis peruviana L. The fourth group received a single daily dose of Physalis peruviana L only. Toxic doses of NNK induced hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma in the lung and positive immunoreactivity for Ki-67 and p53 staining with disturbance of the lung DNA content. Administration of Physalis peruviana L with NNK led to a mild pulmonary hyperplasia and weak expression of Ki-67 and p53 with an improvement in the lung DNA content. Physalis peruviana L may protect against NNK induced lung carcinogenesis due to its antioxidant and anti-proliferative effects.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Body Weight/drug effects ; Carcinogenesis/drug effects ; Carcinogenesis/pathology ; Flow Cytometry ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Ketones/toxicity ; Lung Neoplasms/chemically induced ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology ; Lung Neoplasms/prevention & control ; Male ; Nicotine/toxicity ; Nicotinic Agonists/toxicity ; Nitrosamines/toxicity ; Physalis/chemistry ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Protective Agents/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Chemical Substances	Ketones ; Nicotinic Agonists ; Nitrosamines ; Plant Extracts ; Protective Agents ; Nicotine (6M3C89ZY6R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-08-26
Publishing country	Thailand
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2218955-5
ISSN	2476-762X ; 1513-7368
ISSN (online)	2476-762X
ISSN	1513-7368
DOI	10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.14.5863
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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