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Article ; Online: Alternative methods go green! Green toxicology as a sustainable approach for assessing chemical safety and designing safer chemicals

Maertens, Alexandra / Luechtefeld, Thomas / Knight, Jean / Hartung, Thomas

2024 Volume 41, Issue 1, Page(s) 3–19

Abstract: Green toxicology is marching chemistry into the 21st century. This emerging framework will transform how chemical safety is evaluated by incorporating evaluation of the hazards, exposures, and risks associated with chemicals into early product ... ...

Abstract	Green toxicology is marching chemistry into the 21st century. This emerging framework will transform how chemical safety is evaluated by incorporating evaluation of the hazards, exposures, and risks associated with chemicals into early product development in a way that minimizes adverse impacts on human and environmental health. The goal is to minimize toxic threats across entire supply chains through smarter designs and policies. Traditional animal testing methods are replaced by faster, cutting-edge innovations like organs-on-chips and artificial intelligence predictive models that are also more cost-effective. Core principles of green toxicology include utilizing alternative test methods, applying the precautionary principle, considering lifetime impacts, and emphasizing risk prevention over reaction. This paper provides an overview of these foundational concepts and describes current initiatives and future opportunities to advance the adoption of green toxicology approaches. Chal-lenges and limitations are also discussed. Green shoots are emerging with governments offering carrots like the European Green Deal to nudge industry. Noteworthy, animal rights and environ-mental groups have different ideas about the needs for testing and their consequences for animal use. Green toxicology represents the way forward to support both these societal needs with sufficient throughput and human relevance for hazard information and minimal animal suffering. Green toxi-cology thus sets the stage to synergize human health and ecological values. Overall, the integration of green chemistry and toxicology has potential to profoundly shift how chemical risks are evaluated and managed to achieve safety goals in a more ethical, ecologically-conscious manner.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Animal Testing Alternatives ; Artificial Intelligence ; Chemical Safety ; Environmental Health ; Industry
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-09
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	165707-0
ISSN	1868-8551 ; 1018-4562 ; 0946-7785
ISSN (online)	1868-8551
ISSN	1018-4562 ; 0946-7785
DOI	10.14573/altex.2312291
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Article: Transcriptomic Effects of Low-Dose Inorganic Arsenic Exposure on Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages.

Illingworth, Emily J / Maertens, Alexandra / Sillé, Fenna C M

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2023

Abstract: Both tissue-resident macrophages and monocytes recruited from the bone marrow that transform into tissue-resident cells play critical roles in mediating homeostasis as well as in the pathology of inflammatory diseases. Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is the most ...

Abstract	Both tissue-resident macrophages and monocytes recruited from the bone marrow that transform into tissue-resident cells play critical roles in mediating homeostasis as well as in the pathology of inflammatory diseases. Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is the most common drinking water contaminant worldwide and represents a major public health concern. Several diseases that macrophages have implicated involvement in are caused by iAs exposure, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and increased risk of infectious disease. Therefore, understanding the effects of iAs exposure on macrophages can help us better grasp the full range of arsenic immunotoxicity and better design therapeutic targets for iAs-induced diseases particularly in exposed populations. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome of low dose iAs-exposed male and female murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) with either M0, M1, or M2 stimulation. We identified differentially expressed genes by iAs in a sex- and stimulation-dependent manner and used bioinformatics tools to predict protein-protein interactions, transcriptional regulatory networks, and associated biological processes. Overall, our data suggest that M1-stimulated, especially female-derived, BMDMs are most susceptible to iAs exposure. Most notably, we observed significant downregulation of major proinflammatory transcription factors, like IRF8, and its downstream targets, as well as genes encoding proteins involved in pattern recognition and antigen presentation, such as TLR7, TLR8, and H2-D1, potentially providing causal insight regarding arsenic's role in perturbing immune responses to infectious diseases. We also observed significant downregulation of genes involved in processes crucial to coordinating a proinflammatory response including leukocyte migration, differentiation, and cytokine and chemokine production and response. Finally, we discovered that 24 X-linked genes were dysregulated in iAs-exposed female stimulation groups compared to only 3 across the iAs-exposed male stimulation groups. These findings elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying the sex-differential iAs-associated immune-related disease risk.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.07.26.550543
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Article ; Online: Liposomal amphotericin B-the present.

Maertens, J / Pagano, L / Azoulay, E / Warris, A

The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy

2022 Volume 77, Issue Suppl_2, Page(s) ii11–ii20

Abstract: Most invasive fungal infections are opportunistic in nature but the epidemiology is constantly changing, with new risk groups being identified. Neutropenia is a classical risk factor for fungal infections, while critically ill patients in the ICU are now ...

Abstract	Most invasive fungal infections are opportunistic in nature but the epidemiology is constantly changing, with new risk groups being identified. Neutropenia is a classical risk factor for fungal infections, while critically ill patients in the ICU are now increasingly at risk of yeast and mould infections. Factors to be considered when choosing antifungal treatment include the emergence of rarer fungal pathogens, the risk of resistance to azoles and echinocandins and the possibility of drug-drug interactions. Liposomal amphotericin B has retained its place in the therapeutic armamentarium based on its clinical profile: a broad spectrum of antifungal activity with a low risk of resistance, predictable pharmacokinetics with a rapid accumulation at the infection site (including biofilms), a low potential for drug-drug interactions and a low risk of acute and chronic treatment-limiting toxicities versus other formulations of amphotericin B. It is a suitable choice for the first-line empirical or pre-emptive treatment of suspected fungal infections in neutropenic haematology patients and is an excellent alternative for patients with documented fungal disease who can no longer tolerate or continue their first-line azole or echinocandin therapy, both in the haematology setting and in the ICU. Moreover, it is the first-line drug of choice for the treatment of invasive mucormycosis. Finally, liposomal amphotericin B is one of the few antifungal agents approved for use in children of all ages over 1 month and is included in paediatric-specific guidelines for the management of fungal disease.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Amphotericin B/therapeutic use ; Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use ; Azoles ; Echinocandins/therapeutic use ; Neutropenia/complications ; Invasive Fungal Infections/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Amphotericin B (7XU7A7DROE) ; Antifungal Agents ; Azoles ; Echinocandins ; liposomal amphotericin B
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	191709-2
ISSN	1460-2091 ; 0305-7453
ISSN (online)	1460-2091
ISSN	0305-7453
DOI	10.1093/jac/dkac352
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Article ; Online: Pan-Cancer Interrogation of

Paller, Channing J / Tukachinsky, Hanna / Maertens, Alexandra / Decker, Brennan / Sampson, Julian R / Cheadle, Jeremy P / Antonarakis, Emmanuel S

JCO precision oncology

2024 Volume 8, Page(s) e2300251

Abstract: Purpose: Biallelic germline pathogenic variants of the base excision repair (BER) pathway gene : Materials and methods: Data from 354,366 solid tumor biopsies that were sequenced as part of routine clinical care were analyzed using a validated ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Biallelic germline pathogenic variants of the base excision repair (BER) pathway gene Materials and methods: Data from 354,366 solid tumor biopsies that were sequenced as part of routine clinical care were analyzed using a validated algorithm to distinguish germline from somatic Results: Biallelic germline pathogenic Conclusion: This analysis of
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Excision Repair ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics ; Germ-Line Mutation/genetics ; Mutation/genetics ; Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Neoplasms/genetics ; DNA Glycosylases/genetics
Chemical Substances	mutY adenine glycosylase (EC 3.2.2.-) ; DNA Glycosylases (EC 3.2.2.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2473-4284
ISSN (online)	2473-4284
DOI	10.1200/PO.23.00251
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Article: Instrumental Drift in Untargeted Metabolomics: Optimizing Data Quality with Intrastudy QC Samples.

Märtens, Andre / Holle, Johannes / Mollenhauer, Brit / Wegner, Andre / Kirwan, Jennifer / Hiller, Karsten

Metabolites

2023 Volume 13, Issue 5

Abstract: Untargeted metabolomics is an important tool in studying health and disease and is employed in fields such as biomarker discovery and drug development, as well as precision medicine. Although significant technical advances were made in the field of mass- ... ...

Abstract	Untargeted metabolomics is an important tool in studying health and disease and is employed in fields such as biomarker discovery and drug development, as well as precision medicine. Although significant technical advances were made in the field of mass-spectrometry driven metabolomics, instrumental drifts, such as fluctuations in retention time and signal intensity, remain a challenge, particularly in large untargeted metabolomics studies. Therefore, it is crucial to consider these variations during data processing to ensure high-quality data. Here, we will provide recommendations for an optimal data processing workflow using intrastudy quality control (QC) samples that identifies errors resulting from instrumental drifts, such as shifts in retention time and metabolite intensities. Furthermore, we provide an in-depth comparison of the performance of three popular batch-effect correction methods of different complexity. By using different evaluation metrics based on QC samples and a machine learning approach based on biological samples, the performance of the batch-effect correction methods were evaluated. Here, the method TIGER demonstrated the overall best performance by reducing the relative standard deviation of the QCs and dispersion-ratio the most, as well as demonstrating the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic with three different probabilistic classifiers (Logistic regression, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine). In summary, our recommendations will help to generate high-quality data that are suitable for further downstream processing, leading to more accurate and meaningful insights into the underlying biological processes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2662251-8
ISSN	2218-1989
ISSN	2218-1989
DOI	10.3390/metabo13050665
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Article ; Online: Meta-pharmacokinetic analysis of posaconazole following dosing of oral suspension, delayed-release tablet, and intravenous infusion in patients vs. healthy volunteers: Impact of clinical characteristics and race.

Chen, Lu / Krekels, Elke H J / Dong, Yalin / Chen, Limei / Maertens, Johan A / Blijlevens, Nicole M A / Knibbe, Catherijne A J / Brüggemann, Roger J

International journal of antimicrobial agents

2023 Volume 62, Issue 6, Page(s) 106995

Abstract: Objectives: To investigate the potential impact of clinical characteristics and the Chinese race on posaconazole pharmacokinetics in patients using an integrated population pharmacokinetic model for posaconazole oral suspension (SUS), delayed-release ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: To investigate the potential impact of clinical characteristics and the Chinese race on posaconazole pharmacokinetics in patients using an integrated population pharmacokinetic model for posaconazole oral suspension (SUS), delayed-release tablet (DR-tablet), and intravenous (IV) infusion that was developed in healthy volunteers (HV). Methods: 1046 concentrations from 105 prospectively studied Caucasian patients receiving either of the three posaconazole formulations were pooled with 3898 concentrations from 182 HV. Clinical characteristics were tested for significance. The impact of Chinese race was assessed using 292 opportunistic samples from 80 Chinese patients receiving SUS. Results: Bioavailability of SUS (F Conclusions: Pharmacokinetics of posaconazole in patients differ considerably to those in HV, with altered F
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Antifungal Agents ; Tablets ; Triazoles/pharmacokinetics ; Biological Availability ; Suspensions ; Administration, Oral
Chemical Substances	posaconazole (6TK1G07BHZ) ; Antifungal Agents ; Tablets ; Triazoles ; Suspensions
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-06
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1093977-5
ISSN	1872-7913 ; 0924-8579
ISSN (online)	1872-7913
ISSN	0924-8579
DOI	10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106995
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Article ; Online: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) in Vascular Research: from Two- to Three-Dimensional Organoids.

Trillhaase, Anja / Maertens, Marlon / Aherrahrou, Zouhair / Erdmann, Jeanette

Stem cell reviews and reports

2021 Volume 17, Issue 5, Page(s) 1741–1753

Abstract: Stem cell technology has been around for almost 30 years and in that time has grown into an enormous field. The stem cell technique progressed from the first successful isolation of mammalian embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in the 1990s, to the production of ...

Abstract	Stem cell technology has been around for almost 30 years and in that time has grown into an enormous field. The stem cell technique progressed from the first successful isolation of mammalian embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in the 1990s, to the production of human induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in the early 2000s, to finally culminate in the differentiation of pluripotent cells into highly specialized cell types, such as neurons, endothelial cells (ECs), cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and lung and intestinal cells, in the last decades. In recent times, we have attained a new height in stem cell research whereby we can produce 3D organoids derived from stem cells that more accurately mimic the in vivo environment. This review summarizes the development of stem cell research in the context of vascular research ranging from differentiation techniques of ECs and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) to the generation of vascularized 3D organoids. Furthermore, the different techniques are critically reviewed, and future applications of current 3D models are reported.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Endothelial Cells/cytology ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology ; Organoids/cytology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2495577-2
ISSN	2629-3277 ; 1558-6804 ; 1550-8943
ISSN (online)	2629-3277 ; 1558-6804
ISSN	1550-8943
DOI	10.1007/s12015-021-10149-3
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Article ; Online: Diagnostic dilemma in COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis.

Permpalung, Nitipong / Maertens, Johan / Marr, Kieren A

The Lancet. Infectious diseases

2021 Volume 21, Issue 6, Page(s) 766–767

MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Consensus ; Humans ; Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis/diagnosis ; Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis/drug therapy ; Pulmonary Aspergillosis/diagnosis ; Pulmonary Aspergillosis/drug therapy ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2061641-7
ISSN	1474-4457 ; 1473-3099
ISSN (online)	1474-4457
ISSN	1473-3099
DOI	10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00060-8
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Article ; Online: Correction to "Screening DNA Damage in the Rat Kidney and Liver by Untargeted DNA Adductomics".

Ragi, Nagarjunachary / Walmsley, Scott J / Jacobs, Foster C / Rosenquist, Thomas A / Sidorenko, Viktoriya S / Yao, Lihua / Maertens, Laura A / Weight, Christopher J / Balbo, Silvia / Villalta, Peter W / Turesky, Robert J

Chemical research in toxicology

2024 Volume 37, Issue 4, Page(s) 669

Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	639353-6
ISSN	1520-5010 ; 0893-228X
ISSN (online)	1520-5010
ISSN	0893-228X
DOI	10.1021/acs.chemrestox.4c00078
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Article ; Online: Screening DNA Damage in the Rat Kidney and Liver by Untargeted DNA Adductomics.

Chemical research in toxicology

2024 Volume 37, Issue 2, Page(s) 340–360

Abstract: Air pollution, tobacco smoke, and red meat are associated with renal cell cancer (RCC) risk in the United States and Western Europe; however, the chemicals that form DNA adducts and initiate RCC are mainly unknown. ...

Abstract	Air pollution, tobacco smoke, and red meat are associated with renal cell cancer (RCC) risk in the United States and Western Europe; however, the chemicals that form DNA adducts and initiate RCC are mainly unknown.
MeSH term(s)	Rats ; Animals ; Humans ; DNA Adducts ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology ; Flour/analysis ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology ; Triticum ; Aristolochic Acids/chemistry ; DNA ; Kidney/pathology ; Kidney Neoplasms/chemically induced ; Kidney Neoplasms/pathology ; Liver/chemistry ; Carboxylic Acids ; Carcinogens/chemistry
Chemical Substances	DNA Adducts ; aristolochic acid I (94218WFP5T) ; Aristolochic Acids ; DNA (9007-49-2) ; Carboxylic Acids ; Carcinogens
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	639353-6
ISSN	1520-5010 ; 0893-228X
ISSN (online)	1520-5010
ISSN	0893-228X
DOI	10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00333
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