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Article: [Xiao's "

Gao, You Ling / Xu, Guo Jie / Zhu, Jian Guo / Peng, Gang / Xi, Jin / Xue, Ming Xin

2020 Volume 45, Issue 3, Page(s) 233–236

Abstract: Objective: To observe the influence of Xiao's ": Methods: A total of 50 patients of PVS were ... were treated by the routine western medicine, and those in the observation group treated by Xiao's ... score reduced obviously as compared with that before the treatment(: Conclusion: Xiao's " ...

Abstract	Objective: To observe the influence of Xiao's " Methods: A total of 50 patients of PVS were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 25 cases in each. The patients in the control group were treated by the routine western medicine, and those in the observation group treated by Xiao's " Results: After the treatment, the CRS-R and GCS scores in the two groups increased remarkably, and MAS score reduced obviously as compared with that before the treatment( Conclusion: Xiao's "
MeSH term(s)	Acupuncture Therapy ; Consciousness ; Humans ; Persistent Vegetative State/therapy ; Third Ventricle ; Treatment Outcome
Language	Chinese
Publishing date	2020-03-23
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	1283179-7
ISSN	1000-0607
ISSN	1000-0607
DOI	10.13702/j.1000-0607.190543
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Zs.A 4364: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Effect of oral Xiao-xian decoction combined with acupoint application therapy on pediatric adenoid hypertrophy: A randomized trial.

Zhao, Xue / Xu, Jie / Wang, Ming-Yue / Hou, Zi-Wei / Shi, Hui-Shan / Zhang, Xiao-Xia

Medicine

2023 Volume 102, Issue 5, Page(s) e32804

Abstract: Background: This study aimed to observe the clinical effects of Xiao-xian decoction combined ... We randomly divided 93 AH children into 3 groups: AAT alone; Xiao-xian decoction + AAT; control: Montelukast ... tongue image) and secondary symptoms of patients treated with Xiao-xian decoction + AAT significantly ...

Abstract	Background: This study aimed to observe the clinical effects of Xiao-xian decoction combined with acupoint application therapy (AAT) for treating pediatric adenoid hypertrophy (AH). Methods: We randomly divided 93 AH children into 3 groups: AAT alone; Xiao-xian decoction + AAT; control: Montelukast oral therapy. All participants were treated for a month. We used the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score to evaluate the clinical efficacy and the obstructive sleep apnea-18 scale to evaluate the quality of life. Results: The major symptoms (nasal congestion, open mouth breathing, snoring, and tongue image) and secondary symptoms of patients treated with Xiao-xian decoction + AAT significantly improved compared to before treatment. The pairwise comparison between groups showed that snoring, tongue, secondary symptoms, and total effective rate of the combined treatment group were better than the control and AAT alone. Additionally, the open-mouth breathing, quality of life, and recurrence rate did not differ after treatment. Conclusion: Oral Xiao-xian decoction combined with AAT significantly improved the symptoms and signs of nasal congestion, open-mouth breathing, snoring, tongue, and quality of life of AH children and may be used as a long-term treatment for AH.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Adenoids ; Snoring ; Quality of Life ; Mouth Breathing/complications ; Acupuncture Points ; Hypertrophy ; Nose Diseases/complications
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80184-7
ISSN	1536-5964 ; 0025-7974
ISSN (online)	1536-5964
ISSN	0025-7974
DOI	10.1097/MD.0000000000032804
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Article ; Online: Determination and mechanism of Xiao-Ai Jie-Du decoction against diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: In silico and In vitro studies.

Zhan, Xin-Zhuo / Wei, Tian-Hua / Yin, Yu-Qi / Xu, Jian-Qiao / Yu, Hui / Chen, Xiao-Li / Kong, Xiang-Tu / Sun, Shan-Liang / Li, Nian-Guang / Ni, Hai-Wen

Journal of ethnopharmacology

2023 Volume 319, Issue Pt 2, Page(s) 117271

Abstract: Ethnopharmacological relevance: Xiao-Ai Jie-Du decoction (XAJDD) has been used in clinical ...

Abstract	Ethnopharmacological relevance: Xiao-Ai Jie-Du decoction (XAJDD) has been used in clinical practice to treat diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL); its prescriptions vary based on the pathogenesis of patients. Aim of the study: We aimed to determine the core formula of XAJDD and investigate its mechanism of action against DLBCL. Materials and methods: Apriori data mining of 187 clinical cases (including 421 Traditional Chinese Medicines, TCMs) was conducted to retrieve the core formula of XAJDD. Comprehensive in silico modeling was used to identify potential active components and corresponding targets. The potential targets of 16 compounds were identified based on network pharmacology using in silico modeling. Thereafter, experimental determination of the active compounds and their mechanism of action in treating DLBCL was performed using different assays (including CCK-8, Annexin V-FITC/PI double-staining, Western blot, and flow cytometry assays). Results: The core formula of XAJDD included six herbs: Astragalus mongholicus Bunge (Huangqi, family: Fabaceae), Scutellaria barbata D. Don (Banzhilian, family: Lamiaceae), Prunella vulgaris L. (Xiakucao, family: Lamiaceae), Smilax glabra Roxb. (Tufuling, family Smilacaceae) and Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. (Dabei, family: Liliaceae), and Curcuma zanthorrhiza Roxb. (Ezhu, family: Zingiberaceae); Databases including 62 druggable compounds and 38 DLBCL-related structural targets were constructed; ∼0.3 million data points produced by computational modeling based on potential compounds and targets six components from XAJDD, including astibin, folic acid, baicalin, kaempferol, quercetin, and luteolin, significantly inhibited DLBCL cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and suppressed the expression of key oncogenes. Conclusion: This study provides an integrated strategy for determining the core formula of XAJDD and reveals the molecular mechanisms underlying the treatment of DLBCL, which were consistent with the principle of "monarch (Jun), minister (Chen), adjunctive (Zuo), and guide (Shi)", confirming that XAJDD may serve as a promising natural therapeutic agent against DLBCL.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy ; Apoptosis ; Biological Assay ; Blotting, Western ; Computer Simulation ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use ; Molecular Docking Simulation
Chemical Substances	Drugs, Chinese Herbal
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-12
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	134511-4
ISSN	1872-7573 ; 0378-8741
ISSN (online)	1872-7573
ISSN	0378-8741
DOI	10.1016/j.jep.2023.117271
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Article ; Online: Identification of Rab7 as an autophagy marker: potential therapeutic approaches and the effect of Qi Teng Xiao Zhuo granule in chronic glomerulonephritis.

Qin, Xiujuan / Chen, Huiyu / Zhu, Xiaoli / Xu, Xianjin / Gao, Jiarong

Pharmaceutical biology

2023 Volume 61, Issue 1, Page(s) 1120–1134

Abstract: Context: Qi Teng Xiao Zhuo granule (QTXZG) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used ...

Abstract	Context: Qi Teng Xiao Zhuo granule (QTXZG) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used for therapeutic effects on chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN). However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanism of QTXZG on CGN by proteomics. Materials and methods: The CGN model was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by injecting adriamycin (3.5 mg/kg, Day 1; 3.0 mg/kg, Day 14) twice through the tail vein. Urine samples were collected on the 21 Results: 278 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified based on proteomics and Rab7 was screened as an autophagy protein biomarker. Discussion and conclusion: TCM CGN-regulating herbs (QTXZG) can exert therapeutic effects by affecting the Rab7/Pink1/Parkin pathway to promote mitochondrial autophagy. New breakthroughs in targeted Rab7 may eventually enable such applications.
MeSH term(s)	Rats ; Animals ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Glomerulonephritis/drug therapy ; Autophagy ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/pharmacology ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/therapeutic use ; Chronic Disease ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Doxorubicin/pharmacology ; Doxorubicin/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases (EC 2.3.2.27) ; Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.-) ; Doxorubicin (80168379AG)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1440131-9
ISSN	1744-5116 ; 1388-0209
ISSN (online)	1744-5116
ISSN	1388-0209
DOI	10.1080/13880209.2023.2233998
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Article ; Online: Amalgamated Pharmacoinformatics Study to Investigate the Mechanism of Xiao Jianzhong Tang against Chronic Atrophic Gastritis.

Lian, Xu / Fan, Kaidi / Qin, Xuemei / Liu, Yuetao

Current computer-aided drug design

2023

Abstract: Background: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Xiaojianzhong Tang (XJZ) has a favorable efficacy in the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG). However, its pharmacological mechanism has not been fully explained.: Objective: The purpose of ... ...

Abstract	Background: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Xiaojianzhong Tang (XJZ) has a favorable efficacy in the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG). However, its pharmacological mechanism has not been fully explained. Objective: The purpose of this study was to find the potential mechanism of XJZ in the treatment of CAG using pharmacocoinformatics approaches. Methods: Network pharmacology was used to screen out the key compounds and key targets, MODELLER and GNNRefine were used to repair and refine proteins, Autodock vina was employed to perform molecular docking, ΔLin_F9XGB was used to score the docking results, and Gromacs was used to perform molecular dynamics simulations (MD). Results: Kaempferol, licochalcone A, and naringenin, were obtained as key compounds, while AKT1, MAPK1, MAPK14, RELA, STAT1, and STAT3 were acquired as key targets. Among docking results, 12 complexes scored greater than five. They were run for 50ns MD. The free binding energy of AKT1-licochalcone A and MAPK1-licochalcone A was less than -15 kcal/mol and AKT1-naringenin and STAT3-licochalcone A was less than -9 kcal/mol. These complexes were crucial in XJZ treating CAG. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that licochalcone A could act on AKT1, MAPK1, and STAT3, and naringenin could act on AKT1 to play the potential therapeutic effect on CAG. The work also provides a powerful approach to interpreting the complex mechanism of TCM through the amalgamation of network pharmacology, deep learning-based protein refinement, molecular docking, machine learning-based binding affinity estimation, MD simulations, and MM-PBSA-based estimation of binding free energy.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-20
Publishing country	United Arab Emirates
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1875-6697
ISSN (online)	1875-6697
DOI	10.2174/1573409919666230720141115
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Article ; Online: Retraction Note: Involvement of the glutamate/glutamine cycle and glutamate transporter GLT-1 in antidepressant-like effects of Xiao Yao san on chronically stressed mice.

Ding, Xiu-Fang / Li, Yue-Hua / Chen, Jia-Xu / Sun, Long-Ji / Jiao, Hai-Yan / Wang, Xin-Xin / Zhou, Yan

BMC complementary medicine and therapies

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 237

Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Retraction of Publication
ISSN	2662-7671
ISSN (online)	2662-7671
DOI	10.1186/s12906-023-04089-3
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Article ; Online: Xiao-qing-long-tang ameliorates OVA-induced allergic rhinitis by inhibiting ILC2s through the IL-33/ST2 and JAK/STAT pathways.

Zhang, Jia-Jun / He, Xue-Cheng / Zhou, Min / Liu, Qin-Dong / Xu, Wei-Zhen / Yan, Ya-Jie / Ruan, Yan

Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology

2023 Volume 119, Page(s) 155012

Abstract: ... mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE). Xiao-qing-long-tang (XQLT) is a traditional Chinese medicine compound ...

Abstract	Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa that is mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE). Xiao-qing-long-tang (XQLT) is a traditional Chinese medicine compound that is widely used to treat respiratory diseases such as AR. However, the underlying mechanism of the effect of XQLT on AR remains unclear. Purpose: To elucidate the effect of XQLT on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR and the mechanisms of action. Methods: The therapeutic efficacy of XQLT was evaluated in a well-established OVA-induced AR mouse model. Nasal symptoms were analyzed, type 2 cytokines and OVA-sIgE levels were measured, nasal mucosa tissues were collected for histological analysis, and the changes of Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and the IL-33/ST2 and JAK/STAT signaling pathways in the nasal mucosa were observed. Results: XQLT significantly alleviated the nasal symptoms and histological damage to the nasal mucosa in AR mice, and reduced the levels of type 2 cytokines and OVA-sIgE. In addition, after XQLT treatment, the numbers of ILC2s in the nasal mucosa of AR mice were reduced, and the mRNA levels of the transcription factors GATA3 and ROR-α were decreased. Moreover, IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway was inhibited. The costimulatory cytokine associated JAK/STAT signaling pathway was also inhibited in ILC2s. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that XQLT regulated ILC2s through the IL-33/ST2 and JAK/STAT pathways to ameliorate type 2 inflammation in OVA-induced AR. These findings suggest that XQLT might be used to treat AR.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Mice ; Ovalbumin ; Immunity, Innate ; Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein/metabolism ; Janus Kinases/metabolism ; Interleukin-33/metabolism ; Lymphocytes ; Signal Transduction ; STAT Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Rhinitis, Allergic/chemically induced ; Rhinitis, Allergic/drug therapy ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Mice, Inbred BALB C
Chemical Substances	Ovalbumin (9006-59-1) ; sho-seiryu-to ; Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein ; Janus Kinases (EC 2.7.10.2) ; Interleukin-33 ; STAT Transcription Factors ; Cytokines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-06
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1205240-1
ISSN	1618-095X ; 0944-7113
ISSN (online)	1618-095X
ISSN	0944-7113
DOI	10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155012
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Article ; Online: San Huang Xiao Yan recipe modulates the HMGB1-mediated abnormal inflammatory microenvironment and ameliorates diabetic foot by activating the AMPK/Nrf2 signalling pathway.

Zhang, Zhihui / Zheng, Yihan / Chen, Nan / Xu, Chenqin / Deng, Jie / Feng, Xia / Liu, Wei / Ma, Chao / Chen, Jian / Cai, Tongkai / Xu, Yicheng / Wang, Song / Cao, Yemin / Ge, Guangbo / Jia, Chenglin / Cao, Yongbing

Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology

2023 Volume 118, Page(s) 154931

Abstract: ... pathogenesis of DF. The traditional prescription San Huang Xiao Yan Recipe (SHXY) has been used in the clinical ...

Abstract	Background: Diabetic foot (DF) is one of the serious complications of diabetes and lacks of therapeutic drugs. Abnormal and chronic inflammation promoting foot infection and wound healing delay are the main pathogenesis of DF. The traditional prescription San Huang Xiao Yan Recipe (SHXY) has been used in the clinical treatment of DF for several decades as approved hospital experience prescription and showed remarkable therapeutic effect, but the mechanisms by which SHXY treats DF are still unclear. Purpose: Objectives of this study were to investigate SHXY anti-inflammatory effect on DF and explore the molecular mechanism for SHXY. Methods: We detected the effects of SHXY on DF in C57 mouse and SD rat DF models. Animal blood glucose, weight and wound area were detected every week. Serum inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA. H&E and Masson's trichrome were used to observe tissue pathology. Single-cell sequencing data reanalysis revealed the role of M1 macrophages in DF. Venn analysis showed the co-target genes between DF M1 macrophages and compound-disease network pharmacology. Western blotting was used to explored target protein expression. Meanwhile, RAW264.7 cells were treated with drug-containing serum of SHXY to further unravel the roles of target proteins during high glucose-induced inflammation in vitro. The Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 was used on RAW 264.7 cells to further explore the relationship between Nrf2, AMPK and HMGB1. The main components of SHXY were analysed by HPLC. Finally, the treatment effect of SHXY on DF were detected on rat DF model. Results: In vivo, SHXY can ameliorate inflammatory, accelerate wound healing and upregulate expression of Nrf2, AMPK and downregulate of HMGB1. Bioinformatic analysis showed that M1 macrophages were the main inflammatory cell population in DF. Moreover, the Nrf2 downstream proteins HO-1 and HMGB1 were potential DF therapeutic targets for SHXY. In vitro, we also found that SHXY increased AMPK and Nrf2 protein levels and downregulated HMGB1 expression in RAW264.7 cells. Inhibiting the expression of Nrf2 impaired the inhibition effect of SHXY on HMGB1. SHXY promoted Nrf2 translocation into the nucleus and increased the phosphorylation of Nrf2. SHXY also inhibited HMGB1 extracelluar release under high glucose. In rat DF models, SHXY also exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effect. Conclusion: The SHXY activated AMPK/Nrf2 pathway to suppress abnormal inflammation on DF via inhibiting HMGB1 expression. These findings provide novel insight into the mechanisms by which SHXY treats DF.
MeSH term(s)	Rats ; Mice ; Animals ; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism ; Diabetic Foot ; HMGB1 Protein/metabolism ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Inflammation/drug therapy ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use ; Glucose/metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology ; Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	AMP-Activated Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.11.31) ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ; HMGB1 Protein ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2) ; Lipopolysaccharides
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-20
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1205240-1
ISSN	1618-095X ; 0944-7113
ISSN (online)	1618-095X
ISSN	0944-7113
DOI	10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154931
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Article: Therapeutic mechanisms of the medicine and food homology formula Xiao-Ke-Yin on glucolipid metabolic dysfunction revealed by transcriptomics, metabolomics and microbiomics in mice.

Li, Mei / Cheng, Ding / Peng, Chuan / Huang, Yujiao / Geng, Jie / Huang, Guangrui / Wang, Ting / Xu, Anlong

Chinese medicine

2023 Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 57

Abstract: ... therapeutic choice. Xiao-Ke-Yin (XKY) is a medicine and food homology TCM formula consisting of nine "medicine ...

Abstract	Background: In recent decades, the prevalence of metabolic diseases, particularly diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), has increased dramatically, causing great public health and economic burdens worldwide. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) serves as an effective therapeutic choice. Xiao-Ke-Yin (XKY) is a medicine and food homology TCM formula consisting of nine "medicine and food homology" herbs and is used to ameliorate metabolic diseases, such as insulin resistance, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and NAFLD. However, despite its therapeutic potential in metabolic disorders, the underlying mechanisms of this TCM remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of XKY on glucolipid metabolism dysfunction and explore the potential mechanisms in db/db mice. Methods: To verify the effects of XKY, db/db mice were treated with different concentrations of XKY (5.2, 2.6 and 1.3 g/kg/d) and metformin (0.2 g/kg/d, a hypoglycemic positive control) for 6 weeks, respectively. During this study, we detected the body weight (BW) and fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin tolerance test (ITT), daily food intake and water intake. At the end of the animal experiment, blood samples, feces, liver and intestinal tissue of mice in all groups were collected. The potential mechanisms were investigated by using hepatic RNA sequencing, 16 S rRNA sequencing of the gut microbiota and metabolomics analysis. Results: XKY efficiently mitigated hyperglycemia, IR, hyperlipidemia, inflammation and hepatic pathological injury in a dose dependent manner. Mechanistically, hepatic transcriptomic analysis showed that XKY treatment significantly reversed the upregulated cholesterol biosynthesis which was further confirmed by RT-qPCR. Additionally, XKY administration maintained intestinal epithelial homeostasis, modulated gut microbiota dysbiosis, and regulated its metabolites. In particular, XKY decreased secondary bile acid producing bacteria (Clostridia and Lachnospircaeae) and lowered fecal secondary bile acid (lithocholic acid (LCA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA)) levels to promote hepatic bile acid synthesis by inhibiting the LCA/DCA-FXR-FGF15 signalling pathway. Furthermore, XKY regulated amino acid metabolism including arginine biosynthesis, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, and tryptophan metabolism likely by increasing Bacilli, Lactobacillaceae and Lactobacillus, and decreasing Clostridia, Lachnospircaeae, Tannerellaceae and Parabacteroides abundances. Conclusion: Taken together, our findings demonstrate that XKY is a promising "medicine food homology" formula for ameliorating glucolipid metabolism and reveal that the therapeutic effects of XKY may due to its downregulation of hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis and modulation of the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and metabolites.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2260322-0
ISSN	1749-8546
ISSN	1749-8546
DOI	10.1186/s13020-023-00752-6
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Article ; Online: Insight into the mechanism of Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang alleviates irinotecan-induced diarrhea based on regulating the gut microbiota and inhibiting Gut β-GUS.

Wang, Caiyan / Teng, Xiaojun / Wang, Chuang / Liu, Binjie / Zhou, Runze / Xu, Xueyu / Qiu, Huawei / Fu, Yu / Sun, Rongjin / Liang, Zuhui / Zhang, Rong / Liu, Zhongqiu / Zhang, Lin / Zhu, Lijun

Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology

2023 Volume 120, Page(s) 155040

Abstract: Background: Irinotecan (CPT-11, Camptosar: Purpose: Herein, Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang (XCHT ...

Abstract	Background: Irinotecan (CPT-11, Camptosar Purpose: Herein, Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang (XCHT), a traditional Chinese formula, was applied to mitigate CPT-11-induced toxicity. This study initially explored the mechanism by which XCHT alleviated diarrhea, especially for β-GUS from the gut microbiota. Methods: First, we examined the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines and the anti-inflammatory cytokines in the intestine. Furthermore, we researched the community abundances of the gut microbiota in the CPT-11 and XCHT-treated mice based on 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology. Meanwhile, the level of SN-38 and the concentrations of β-GUS in intestine were examined. We also resolved the 3D structure of β-GUS from gut microbiota by X-ray crystallography technology. Moreover, we used virtual screening, SPR analysis, and enzyme activity assays to confirm whether the main active ingredients from XCHT could selectively inhibit β-GUS. Results: In XCHT-treated mice, the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines decreased, the anti-inflammatory cytokines increased, and the community abundances of beneficial Firmicutes and Bacteroidota improved in the gut microbiota. We also found that the concentrations of β-GUS and the level of SN-38, the major ingredient that induces diarrhea in the gut, significantly decreased after coadministration of XCHT with CPT-11 in the intestine. Additionally, we revealed the structural differences of β-GUS from different gut microbiota. Finally, we found that EcGUS had good affinity with baicalein and meanwhile could be selectively inhibited by baicalein from XCHT. Conclusions: Overall, XCHT could relieve the delayed diarrhea induced by CPT-11 through improving the abundance of beneficial gut microbiota and reduced inflammation. Furthermore, based on the three-dimensional structure, baicalein, especially, could be used as a candidate EcGUS inhibitor to alleviate CPT-11-induced diarrhea.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Mice ; Glucuronidase ; Irinotecan ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Cytokines ; Diarrhea/chemically induced ; Diarrhea/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31) ; Irinotecan (7673326042) ; shosaiko-to ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Cytokines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-19
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1205240-1
ISSN	1618-095X ; 0944-7113
ISSN (online)	1618-095X
ISSN	0944-7113
DOI	10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155040
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