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  1. Article ; Online: Domestic violence assault during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal community study.

    Kofman, Yasmin B / Weiss, Cassidy C D / Yim, Ilona S

    BMC public health

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 715

    Abstract: ... but significant spike in the week following the first major lockdown in March 2020 (b = .04, SE = .02, t = 2.37, p ... 01), remaining stable at this higher level thereafter (b = -.003, SE = .003, t = -1.29, p = .20 ...

    Abstract Background: The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic have been far-reaching, disproportionately impacting vulnerable populations. Of particular concern is the impact on individuals experiencing domestic violence (DV), an urgent public health issue. There have been numerous reports of pandemic-related surges in DV, and it has been speculated that prolonged periods of state-mandated isolation may be the source of these surges. The current study utilized publicly available records to examine fluctuations in DV coinciding with COVID-19 lockdown restrictions in a diverse metropolitan county.
    Methods: Data were extracted from local police blotters and mapping engines in Orange County, California (United States), documenting police-reported DV assault. All incidents were coded for time to examine the time course of DV among other types of assault, allowing for a longitudinal view of incidents over a 66-week window. Changepoint analyses were used to determine whether and when DV assaults changed when mapped with coinciding tightening or loosening of restrictions county-wide. Piecewise regression analyses evaluated whether any detected fluctuations were statistically meaningful.
    Results: In Santa Ana, rates saw a small but significant spike in the week following the first major lockdown in March 2020 (b = .04, SE = .02, t = 2.37, p = .01), remaining stable at this higher level thereafter (b = -.003, SE = .003, t = -1.29, p = .20). In Anaheim, no meaningful change in DV assault rates was observed at any time interval.
    Conclusion: Results suggest that surges in DV vary between communities and that systemic issues may set the stage for the surge of an already endemic problem.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Communicable Disease Control ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Crime Victims ; Domestic Violence/statistics & numerical data ; Pandemics ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2041338-5
    ISSN 1471-2458 ; 1471-2458
    ISSN (online) 1471-2458
    ISSN 1471-2458
    DOI 10.1186/s12889-023-15560-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Home is not always a haven: The domestic violence crisis amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

    Kofman, Yasmin B / Garfin, Dana Rose

    Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy

    2020  Volume 12, Issue S1, Page(s) S199–S201

    Abstract: The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and the associated disease it causes, COVID-19, have caused unprecedented social disruption. Due to sweeping stay-at-home orders across the United States and internationally, many victims and survivors of domestic ... ...

    Abstract The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and the associated disease it causes, COVID-19, have caused unprecedented social disruption. Due to sweeping stay-at-home orders across the United States and internationally, many victims and survivors of domestic violence (DV), now forced to be isolated with their abusers, run the risk of new or escalating violence. Numerous advocates, organizations, and service centers anticipated this: Upticks in domestic violence were reported in many regions soon after stay-at-home directives were announced. In this commentary, we delineate some of the recent events leading up to the reported spike in DV; review literature on previously documented disaster-related DV surges; and discuss some of the unique challenges, dilemmas, and risks victims and survivors face during this pandemic. We conclude with recommendations to allocate resources to DV front-liners and utilize existing DV guidelines for disaster preparedness, response, and recovery. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections ; Domestic Violence/prevention & control ; Domestic Violence/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; Psychological Trauma/etiology ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/etiology ; Survivors ; United States/epidemiology
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2497028-1
    ISSN 1942-969X ; 1942-9681
    ISSN (online) 1942-969X
    ISSN 1942-9681
    DOI 10.1037/tra0000866
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  3. Article ; Online: Home is not always a haven

    Kofman, Yasmin B. / Garfin, Dana Rose

    Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy

    The domestic violence crisis amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

    2020  Volume 12, Issue S1, Page(s) S199–S201

    Keywords Clinical Psychology ; Social Psychology ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher American Psychological Association (APA)
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2497028-1
    ISSN 1942-969X ; 1942-9681
    ISSN (online) 1942-969X
    ISSN 1942-9681
    DOI 10.1037/tra0000866
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: The psychobiology of stress and intimate partner violence.

    Yim, Ilona S / Kofman, Yasmin B

    Psychoneuroendocrinology

    2018  Volume 105, Page(s) 9–24

    Abstract: Exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) negatively affects health outcomes, however, the biopsychosocial pathways underlying this relationship are not well understood. We conducted a systematic review of research published from 2000 through 2018 on ... ...

    Abstract Exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) negatively affects health outcomes, however, the biopsychosocial pathways underlying this relationship are not well understood. We conducted a systematic review of research published from 2000 through 2018 on biological and psychological stress-related correlates and consequences of IPV exposure. Fifty-three publications were included. The biological and psychological literatures have evolved separately and remain distinct. The biological literature provides emerging evidence of stress-related endocrine and immune-inflammatory dysregulations that are in line with patterns typically observed among chronically stressed individuals. The psychological literature provides strong evidence that IPV is associated with psychological stress, and that psychological stress follows new instances of IPV. Larger scale, integrative studies using prospective study designs are needed to more carefully map out how IPV influences victims both biologically and psychologically, and how these biopsychological changes, in turn, affect the health of victims over time.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Intimate Partner Violence/psychology ; Stress, Psychological/physiopathology ; Stress, Psychological/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-08-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 197636-9
    ISSN 1873-3360 ; 0306-4530
    ISSN (online) 1873-3360
    ISSN 0306-4530
    DOI 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.08.017
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  5. Article: Home is not always a haven: The domestic violence crisis amid the COVID-19 pandemic

    Kofman, Yasmin B / Garfin, Dana Rose

    Psychol Trauma

    Abstract: The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and the associated disease it causes, COVID-19, have caused unprecedented social disruption. Due to sweeping stay-at-home orders across the United States and internationally, many victims and survivors of domestic ... ...

    Abstract The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and the associated disease it causes, COVID-19, have caused unprecedented social disruption. Due to sweeping stay-at-home orders across the United States and internationally, many victims and survivors of domestic violence (DV), now forced to be isolated with their abusers, run the risk of new or escalating violence. Numerous advocates, organizations, and service centers anticipated this: Upticks in domestic violence were reported in many regions soon after stay-at-home directives were announced. In this commentary, we delineate some of the recent events leading up to the reported spike in DV; review literature on previously documented disaster-related DV surges; and discuss some of the unique challenges, dilemmas, and risks victims and survivors face during this pandemic. We conclude with recommendations to allocate resources to DV front-liners and utilize existing DV guidelines for disaster preparedness, response, and recovery. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #457340
    Database COVID19

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  6. Article ; Online: Sex Differences in Psychopathology Following Potentially Traumatic Experiences.

    Kofman, Yasmin B / Selbe, Sophie / Szentkúti, Peter / Horváth-Puhó, Erzsébet / Rosellini, Anthony J / Lash, Timothy L / Schnurr, Paula P / Sørensen, Henrik Toft / Galea, Sandro / Gradus, Jaimie L / Sumner, Jennifer A

    JAMA network open

    2024  Volume 7, Issue 2, Page(s) e240201

    Abstract: Importance: Various psychopathology may follow trauma; however, sex differences in these ranging manifestations of posttraumatic psychopathology remain understudied.: Objective: To investigate sex-specific incidence of posttraumatic psychopathology.!# ...

    Abstract Importance: Various psychopathology may follow trauma; however, sex differences in these ranging manifestations of posttraumatic psychopathology remain understudied.
    Objective: To investigate sex-specific incidence of posttraumatic psychopathology.
    Design, setting, and participants: This population-based cohort study of Danish national health registries included a cohort of individuals who experienced a potentially traumatic event (PTE) from 1994 to 2016. Individuals were further categorized by presence of any pretrauma psychopathology. A comparison group of individuals who experienced a nontraumatic stressor (nonsuicide death of a first-degree relative) was examined as a reference cohort.
    Exposures: At least 1 of 8 PTEs (eg, physical assault, transportation accident) derived through health registry International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes, with additional qualifiers to improve classification accuracy.
    Main outcomes and measures: Incidence of 9 categories of ICD-10 psychiatric disorders recorded in registries within 5 years of PTEs. The standardized morbidity ratios (SMRs) for psychopathology outcomes were also calculated to compare individuals experiencing PTEs with those experiencing a nontraumatic stressor.
    Results: This study included 1 398 026 individuals who had been exposed to trauma (475 280 males [34.0%]; 922 750 females [66.0%]). The group of males who had been exposed to trauma were evenly distributed across age, while most females in the trauma-exposed group were aged 16 to 39 years (592 385 [64.2%]). Males and females were equally distributed across income quartiles and predominantly single. Following PTEs, the most common diagnosis was substance use disorders for males (35 160 [7.4%]) and depressive disorders for females (29 255 [3.2%]); incidence proportions for these and other disorders were higher among males and females with any pretrauma psychopathology. Certain PTEs had elevated onset of various psychiatric disorders and some sex differences emerged. Following physical assault, associations were found with schizophrenia or psychotic disorders for males (SMR, 17.5; 95% CI, 15.9-19.3) and adult personality disorders for females (SMR, 16.3; 95% CI, 14.6-18.3). For noninterpersonal PTEs, males had larger SMRs for substance use, schizophrenia or psychotic disorders, and adult personality disorders (SMR, 43.4; 95% CI, 41.9-45.0), and females had larger SMRs for depressive disorders (SMR, 19.0; 95% CI, 18.6-19.4). Sex differences were also observed, particularly when considering pretrauma psychopathology. For example, among interpersonal PTEs, males were most likely to develop substance use disorders after physical assault, whereas females were more likely to develop various disorders, with stronger associations seen for females without pretrauma psychiatric diagnoses. Among noninterpersonal PTEs, exposure to toxic substance showed robust associations with psychopathology, particularly in those without pretrauma psychopathology, with sex-specific differences across psychiatric categories.
    Conclusions and relevance: Mental disorders after trauma were wide-ranging for males and females, and sex differences in patterns of posttraumatic psychopathology were more pronounced when accounting for pretrauma psychopathology. Findings provide new insights for sex-relevant PTEs and their mental health consequences. It also outlines future directions for advancing understanding of a constellation of posttraumatic psychopathology in males and females.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Cohort Studies ; Sex Characteristics ; Psychopathology ; Mental Disorders/epidemiology ; Mental Disorders/etiology ; Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2574-3805
    ISSN (online) 2574-3805
    DOI 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.0201
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  7. Article ; Online: Cortisol reactivity and depressive symptoms in pregnancy: The moderating role of perceived social support and neuroticism.

    Kofman, Yasmin B / Eng, Zoe E / Busse, David / Godkin, Sophia / Campos, Belinda / Sandman, Curt A / Wing, Deborah / Yim, Ilona S

    Biological psychology

    2019  Volume 147, Page(s) 107656

    Abstract: Perinatal depression negatively impacts mother-infant health and well-being. Previous work has linked cortisol reactivity to perinatal depressive symptoms, but moderating effects including social support and neuroticism, have not been studied. Forty-nine ...

    Abstract Perinatal depression negatively impacts mother-infant health and well-being. Previous work has linked cortisol reactivity to perinatal depressive symptoms, but moderating effects including social support and neuroticism, have not been studied. Forty-nine pregnant women (9-30 weeks' gestational age; GA) provided saliva samples in response to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and to awakening (cortisol awakening response, CAR), and completed questionnaires on perceived social support, personality, and depressive symptoms. Two hierarchical logistic regressions, one including the TSST response and one including the CAR as predictor variables, suggest that cortisol reactivity, social support from the baby's father, and neuroticism contribute to depressive symptoms, controlling for GA (both p < .01). Significant statistical interactions among predictors of pregnancy depressive symptoms were, however, only found in the model using the CAR. Findings highlight the importance of considering biopsychosocial interactions in studies predicting perinatal depressive symptoms.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Depression/metabolism ; Depression/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone/metabolism ; Neuroticism ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications/metabolism ; Pregnancy Complications/psychology ; Pregnant Women/psychology ; Saliva/chemistry ; Social Support ; Stress, Psychological/metabolism ; Stress, Psychological/psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Chemical Substances Hydrocortisone (WI4X0X7BPJ)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-28
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 185105-6
    ISSN 1873-6246 ; 0301-0511
    ISSN (online) 1873-6246
    ISSN 0301-0511
    DOI 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.01.016
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    Zs.A 1544: Show issues Location:
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  8. Article ; Online: Ethnic differences in stress-induced cortisol responses:Increased risk for depression during pregnancy.

    Urizar, Guido G / Yim, Ilona S / Kofman, Yasmin B / Tilka, Nina / Miller, Karissa / Freche, Ron / Johnson, Amber

    Biological psychology

    2018  Volume 147, Page(s) 107630

    Abstract: Few studies have examined individual differences in stress reactivity during pregnancy. The current study examined whether cortisol responses to a laboratory stressor (Trier Social Stress Test; TSST) significantly differed within an ethnically diverse ... ...

    Abstract Few studies have examined individual differences in stress reactivity during pregnancy. The current study examined whether cortisol responses to a laboratory stressor (Trier Social Stress Test; TSST) significantly differed within an ethnically diverse sample of 34 pregnant women (38% Latina, 29% African American) identified to be at low (n = 17; i.e., low depressive symptoms) versus high risk for depression (n = 17; i.e., past history of depression and/or high depressive symptoms). Women at high depression risk, particularly those with a past history of depression, showed greater cortisol responses to the TSST than women at low depression risk, controlling for gestational age, parity, and education (p = 0.03). Moreover, African American women, particularly those at high depression risk, showed blunted cortisol responses to the TSST compared to non-African American women (p = 0.02). Our results highlight risk factors for depression during pregnancy and have strong implications for reducing health disparities in this population.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; African Americans/psychology ; Depression/ethnology ; Depression/metabolism ; Female ; Hispanic Americans/psychology ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone/metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications/ethnology ; Pregnancy Complications/metabolism ; Pregnancy Complications/psychology ; Risk Factors ; Saliva/chemistry ; Stress, Psychological/ethnology ; Stress, Psychological/metabolism ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Hydrocortisone (WI4X0X7BPJ)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-12-19
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 185105-6
    ISSN 1873-6246 ; 0301-0511
    ISSN (online) 1873-6246
    ISSN 0301-0511
    DOI 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.12.005
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