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Article ; Online: Abolish ageism in early-career research awards.

Karimi, Fariba / Clauset, Aaron

2023 Volume 620, Issue 7974, Page(s) 492

MeSH term(s)	Ageism/prevention & control ; Awards and Prizes ; Career Mobility ; Women ; Research/economics ; Research Personnel/economics ; Age Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	120714-3
ISSN	1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
ISSN (online)	1476-4687
ISSN	0028-0836
DOI	10.1038/d41586-023-02567-9
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Article ; Online: On the inadequacy of nominal assortativity for assessing homophily in networks

Fariba Karimi / Marcos Oliveira

Scientific Reports, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2023 Volume 8

Abstract: Abstract Nominal assortativity (or discrete assortativity) is widely used to characterize group mixing patterns and homophily in networks, enabling researchers to analyze how groups interact with one another. Here we demonstrate that the measure presents ...

Abstract	Abstract Nominal assortativity (or discrete assortativity) is widely used to characterize group mixing patterns and homophily in networks, enabling researchers to analyze how groups interact with one another. Here we demonstrate that the measure presents severe shortcomings when applied to networks with unequal group sizes and asymmetric mixing. We characterize these shortcomings analytically and use synthetic and empirical networks to show that nominal assortativity fails to account for group imbalance and asymmetric group interactions, thereby producing an inaccurate characterization of mixing patterns. We propose the adjusted nominal assortativity and show that this adjustment recovers the expected assortativity in networks with various level of mixing. Furthermore, we propose an analytical method to assess asymmetric mixing by estimating the tendency of inter- and intra-group connectivities. Finally, we discuss how this approach enables uncovering hidden mixing patterns in real-world networks.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: On the inadequacy of nominal assortativity for assessing homophily in networks.

Karimi, Fariba / Oliveira, Marcos

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 21053

Abstract: Nominal assortativity (or discrete assortativity) is widely used to characterize group mixing patterns and homophily in networks, enabling researchers to analyze how groups interact with one another. Here we demonstrate that the measure presents severe ... ...

Abstract	Nominal assortativity (or discrete assortativity) is widely used to characterize group mixing patterns and homophily in networks, enabling researchers to analyze how groups interact with one another. Here we demonstrate that the measure presents severe shortcomings when applied to networks with unequal group sizes and asymmetric mixing. We characterize these shortcomings analytically and use synthetic and empirical networks to show that nominal assortativity fails to account for group imbalance and asymmetric group interactions, thereby producing an inaccurate characterization of mixing patterns. We propose the adjusted nominal assortativity and show that this adjustment recovers the expected assortativity in networks with various level of mixing. Furthermore, we propose an analytical method to assess asymmetric mixing by estimating the tendency of inter- and intra-group connectivities. Finally, we discuss how this approach enables uncovering hidden mixing patterns in real-world networks.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-48113-5
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Determinants of Bone Mineral Density in Iranian Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Karimi, Fariba / Mardani, Parisa

International journal of endocrinology and metabolism

2023 Volume 21, Issue 4, Page(s) e137594

Abstract: Background: Whether the endocrine aberrations caused by polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) might influence bone density in women of reproductive age is controversial.: Objectives: The present study aimed to compare PCOS women to a control group matched ...

Abstract	Background: Whether the endocrine aberrations caused by polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) might influence bone density in women of reproductive age is controversial. Objectives: The present study aimed to compare PCOS women to a control group matched in terms of age and body mass index (BMI) regarding bone indices and to clarify the potential relationship between their hormonal changes and bone density. Methods: This case-control study consisted of 61 PCOS patients, and 35 women with normal ovulatory function served as controls. Bone parameters, including bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in addition to T- and Z-scores, were measured at the lumbar vertebrae, neck of the left femur, hip, and distal part of the radial bone, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Blood samples were taken to be tested for biochemical parameters and serum concentrations of insulin, osteocalcin, parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), total testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and estradiol were measured. Insulin resistance was evaluated through the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Results: The results revealed greater levels of HOMA-IR and total testosterone in PCOS women than in controls. Nevertheless, the two groups were comparable in terms of bone parameters. In the control group, BMI was the only determinant of bone density at most of the skeletal sites. Nonetheless, BMI and HOMA-IR were independently and positively associated with bone indices at the femoral neck (FN) and total hip in the PCOS group. Parathyroid hormone and vitamin D concentrations were not different in the two groups. However, phosphate levels were higher in PCOS patients (P = 0.025). Osteocalcin was inversely correlated to BMI, and both groups had a negative correlation between DHEAS and PTH. Serum phosphate was inversely and independently associated with estrogen in the PCOS group (r = -0.377, P = 0.004). Conclusions: Body mass index and HOMA-IR were independent and positive determinants of FN and total hip bone density in the PCOS subjects. Nonetheless, in the non-PCOS women, BMI was the only independent determinant of bone density at most of the skeletal sites. Additionally, osteocalcin was inversely correlated with BMI in both groups.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-06
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2744447-8
ISSN	1726-9148 ; 1726-9148
ISSN (online)	1726-9148
ISSN	1726-9148
DOI	10.5812/ijem-137594
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Complications in Pregnant Women and Newborns Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Zare, Fariba / Karimi, Arezoo / Daliri, Salman

Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research

2024 Volume 29, Issue 1, Page(s) 91–97

Abstract: Background: One of the high-risk groups exposed to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was pregnant women at risk of pregnancy complications due to a weakened immune system and inability to use various drugs to treat COVID-19. Accordingly, ... ...

Abstract	Background: One of the high-risk groups exposed to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was pregnant women at risk of pregnancy complications due to a weakened immune system and inability to use various drugs to treat COVID-19. Accordingly, this study was conducted to investigate the complications in pregnancy before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on all pregnant women in Shahroud, Iran. The time interval from February 18, 2019, to February 17, 2020, was considered before the COVID-19 pandemic and from February 18, 2020, to February 17, 2021, was considered the COVID-19 pandemic. Sampling was conducted by census and included 6851 pregnant women. The required information was extracted from hospitals' health deputy registration system and high-risk pregnancy registration program. Result: Based on the findings, hypertension disorder, gestational diabetes, placental abruption, pre-eclampsia, cesarean section, hospitalization in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), preterm birth, and hospitalization in other hospital wards increased by 1.88%, 1.93%, 0.12%, 0.45%, 5.45%, 1.00%, 1.20%, and 1.40%, respectively, in 2020 compared to 2019. A statistically significant difference was also observed between them ( Conclusions: Pregnancy complications have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, there is a need to take appropriate health and medical measures to reduce the risks associated with the COVID-19 epidemic for pregnant women and neonates.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-09
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2609892-1
ISSN	2228-5504 ; 1735-9066
ISSN (online)	2228-5504
ISSN	1735-9066
DOI	10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_252_22
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Assessing the thyroid autoimmunity association with recurrent aphthous stomatitis.

Karimi, Fariba / Lavaee, Fatemeh / Nematollahi, Aida / Sahmeddini, Sarina

BMC oral health

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 611

Abstract: Background: Recent investigations have highlighted autoimmune origins and abnormal immune responses; particularly those related to T cell-mediated immunity and elevated T lymphocyte cells in the oral mucosa. Therefore, we investigated the relationship ... ...

Abstract	Background: Recent investigations have highlighted autoimmune origins and abnormal immune responses; particularly those related to T cell-mediated immunity and elevated T lymphocyte cells in the oral mucosa. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) and autoimmune thyroid diseases (ATDs) in an Iranian population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 102 patients diagnosed with ATD (cases) and 102 healthy patients (controls) who had been referred for the routine dental treatment. All participants were asked for the history of RAS and their age, gender, other systemic diseases, medications, and frequency of RAS in a year. Matching was performed based on the propensity scores for age and sex. In addition, the number of lesions in each recurrence in both groups was assessed and compared. The type of thyroid disease has been assessed for case participants and has been confirmed by the endocrinologist. The chi-square test, t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze the data using SPSS 18. Results: Patients with ATD had higher RAS than healthy controls (P = 0.040). ATD patients had 1.93 times more risk for RAS, and the frequency of RAS in a year was 3.15times higher in these patients (P = 0.011). Moreover, the frequency of RAS was higher in patients with hypothyroidism than in those with hyperthyroidism. However, there were no significant differences in the size and the number of lesions between the groups. Conclusion: The risk and frequency of RAS were significantly higher in patients with ATDs. This would provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms and potential treatment strategies for both conditions.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Stomatitis, Aphthous ; Autoimmunity ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Iran ; Hashimoto Disease
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2091511-1
ISSN	1472-6831 ; 1472-6831
ISSN (online)	1472-6831
ISSN	1472-6831
DOI	10.1186/s12903-023-03326-y
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Implicit racial biases are lower in more populous more diverse and less segregated US cities.

Stier, Andrew J / Sajjadi, Sina / Karimi, Fariba / Bettencourt, Luís M A / Berman, Marc G

Nature communications

2024 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 961

Abstract: Implicit biases - differential attitudes towards members of distinct groups - are pervasive in human societies and create inequities across many aspects of life. Recent research has revealed that implicit biases are generally driven by social contexts, ... ...

Abstract	Implicit biases - differential attitudes towards members of distinct groups - are pervasive in human societies and create inequities across many aspects of life. Recent research has revealed that implicit biases are generally driven by social contexts, but not whether they are systematically influenced by the ways that humans self-organize in cities. We leverage complex system modeling in the framework of urban scaling theory to predict differences in these biases between cities. Our model links spatial scales from city-wide infrastructure to individual psychology to predict that cities that are more populous, more diverse, and less segregated are less biased. We find empirical support for these predictions in U.S. cities with Implicit Association Test data spanning a decade from 2.7 million individuals and U.S. Census demographic data. Additionally, we find that changes in cities' social environments precede changes in implicit biases at short time-scales, but this relationship is bi-directional at longer time-scales. We conclude that the social organization of cities may influence the strength of these biases.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cities ; Social Environment
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-024-45013-8
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Primary Adrenal Lymphoma Presenting with Adrenal Failure: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Karimi, Fariba

International journal of endocrinology and metabolism

2017 Volume 15, Issue 4, Page(s) e12014

Abstract: Introduction: Primary adrenal lymphoma is rare, with a few cases reported in the literature. Most often it manifests as bilateral adrenal lesions and adrenal insufficiency is a common complication.: Case presentation: A 53-year-old male was referred ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Primary adrenal lymphoma is rare, with a few cases reported in the literature. Most often it manifests as bilateral adrenal lesions and adrenal insufficiency is a common complication. Case presentation: A 53-year-old male was referred with abdominal discomfort and darkening of the skin since 1 month prior to admission. His workups detected large bilateral adrenal masses. The patient was admitted due to hypotension, and was diagnosed with adrenal insufficiency. Laboratory studies showed high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and adrenocorticotropin levels. There was no other organ involvement and computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous biopsy of the adrenal gland revealed B-cell type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Replacement therapy with glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid was initiated with remission of symptoms. After 3 months of chemotherapy his condition improved, but the patient worsened thereafter and died 2 months later. Conclusions: However, this case reminded the importance of considering primary adrenal lymphoma in the differential diagnosis of bilateral adrenal masses, especially if the patient presents with adrenal insufficiency.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-10-26
Publishing country	Iran
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2744447-8
ISSN	1726-9148 ; 1726-913X
ISSN (online)	1726-9148
ISSN	1726-913X
DOI	10.5812/ijem.12014
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Article: Highly sensitive electrochemical sensor based on carbon paste electrode modified with graphene nanoribbon-CoFe

Mostafazadeh, Reza / Karimi-Maleh, Hassan / Ghaffarinejad, Ali / Tajabadi, Fariba / Hamidian, Yasamin

Applied nanoscience

2023 , Page(s) 1–10

Abstract: In this report, Azithromycin (Azi) antibiotic was measured by carbon paste electrode (CPE) improved by graphene nanoribbon- ... ...

Abstract	In this report, Azithromycin (Azi) antibiotic was measured by carbon paste electrode (CPE) improved by graphene nanoribbon-CoFe
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-24
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2607723-1
ISSN	2190-5517 ; 2190-5509
ISSN (online)	2190-5517
ISSN	2190-5509
DOI	10.1007/s13204-023-02773-x
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Article ; Online: Comparing different pretreatments at transplanting stage for acclimation of walnut trees to hot and dry conditions

Soheil Karimi / Fariba Ehterami-Fini

Plant Stress, Vol 2, Iss , Pp 100036- (2021)

2021

Abstract: Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is a drought and heat-sensitive plant. These sensitivities are intensified with young plants which are grown in greenhouse nurseries. We subjected one-year-old greenhouse-grown walnut 'Chandler' trees to different pretreatments [ ...

Abstract	Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is a drought and heat-sensitive plant. These sensitivities are intensified with young plants which are grown in greenhouse nurseries. We subjected one-year-old greenhouse-grown walnut 'Chandler' trees to different pretreatments [long-term water stress, controlled salinity stress, and foliar application of β-aminobutyric acid (BABA)] for acclimation to unfavorable conditions after transplantation. Then, the plants were transplanted into hot and dry conditions to evaluate efficiency of different preconditioning treatments in acclimation of the plants to deleterious environmental conditions. Investigating the plants' responses to the pretreatments for understanding activated adaptation mechanisms indicated that the pretreatments have induced osmotic adjustment (OA) in leaves. In this regard, the salinity pretreatment was the most effective treatment. For OA, proline accumulation was more effective than soluble sugars. However, glycine betaine was not involved in OA. The pretreatments sensitized stomatal responses to drought, according to limitation of water loss from detached leaves. Ninety days after transplantation, the preconditioned plants had higher biomass than the control plants. The major reasons were the prevention of leaf abscission and chlorophyll degradation. Moreover, improved water conservation ability in the preconditioned plants enhanced leaf expansion, photosynthesis rate and biomass accumulation in plants' organs. Restriction of stomatal conductance for water conservation in the control plants resulted in photosynthesis inhibition, heat accumulation, and vigor loss. The efficiency of BABA and salinity stress in acclimation of walnut to deleterious environmental conditions was higher than water stress. However, BABA foliar application as the safest and least complicated pretreatment was suggested in a drought/heat acclimation strategy in walnut.
Keywords	Osmotic adjustment ; Proline ; Glycine betaine ; Transpiration rate ; Net photosynthesis ; Drought stress ; Plant ecology ; QK900-989
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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