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  1. Article ; Online: How Effective Is the Filtration of 'KN95' Filtering Facepiece Respirators During the COVID-19 Pandemic?

    Brochot, Clothilde / Saidi, Mohamed N / Bahloul, Ali

    Annals of work exposures and health

    2020  Volume 65, Issue 3, Page(s) 358–366

    Abstract: Objectives: The high demand of filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) worldwide during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a critical situation for decision-makers regarding their supply. After authorizing the use of FFRs certified by other ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: The high demand of filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) worldwide during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a critical situation for decision-makers regarding their supply. After authorizing the use of FFRs certified by other regions of the world, decision-makers in many countries have published alerts, particularly concerning the 'KN95' type.
    Methods: This paper investigated the filtration performance of different FFRs using an experimental setup already employed during several studies on FFRs filtration performance. Its high-resolution measuring devices permit to determine filtration performance according to the normative criteria: the pressure drop and the filtration efficiency. Eight different FFRs have been used: four NIOSH-approved FFRs and four not NIOSH-approved with a 'KN95' shape available during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.
    Results: The data show a high disparity between different FFRs purchased by healthcare establishments, and between those that are NIOSH-approved and those that are not NIOSH-approved. The results confirm that the NIOSH certification offers good protection according to the normative criteria. The 'KN95' types present pressure drops which correspond to the normative value, however their efficiencies are lower than the efficiencies of FFRs certified by NIOSH and lower than 95% at the most penetrate particle size.
    Conclusions: FFRs marking is not sufficient to conclude on the FFRs' efficiency. Visual inspection can not determine which samples are counterfeit or have manufacturing defects.
    MeSH term(s) Aerosols ; COVID-19 ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Materials Testing ; N95 Respirators ; Occupational Exposure ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Respiratory Protective Devices ; SARS-CoV-2 ; United States ; Ventilators, Mechanical
    Chemical Substances Aerosols
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2885096-8
    ISSN 2398-7316 ; 2398-7308
    ISSN (online) 2398-7316
    ISSN 2398-7308
    DOI 10.1093/annweh/wxaa101
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.B 244: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article ; Online: Filtration performance, fit test and side effects of respiratory personal protective equipment following decontamination: Observations for user safety and comfort.

    Turgeon, Nathalie / Pagé, Mélissa / Robillard, Justin / Goulet, Véronique / Bahloul, Ali / Brochot, Clothilde / Saidi, Mohamed Nejib / Dumont-Leblond, Nathan / Duchaine, Caroline

    PloS one

    2023  Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) e0280426

    Abstract: Objective: While facing personal protective equipment (PPE) shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic, several institutions looked to PPE decontamination and reuse options. This study documents the effect of two hydrogen peroxide treatments on filtration ... ...

    Abstract Objective: While facing personal protective equipment (PPE) shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic, several institutions looked to PPE decontamination and reuse options. This study documents the effect of two hydrogen peroxide treatments on filtration efficiency and fit tests as well as the side effects for volunteers after the decontamination of N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs). We also propose an efficient and large-scale treatment protocol that allows for the traceability of this protective equipment in hospitals during PPE shortages.
    Methods: The effects of low-temperature hydrogen peroxide sterilization and hydrogen peroxide vapor (HPV) on two FFR models (filtration, decontamination level, residual emanation) were evaluated. Ten volunteers reported comfort issues and side effects after wearing 1h FFRs worn and decontaminated up to five times.
    Results: The decontamination process does not negatively affect FFR efficiency, but repeated use and handling tend to lead to damage, limiting the number of times FFRs can be reused. Moreover, the recommended 24-h post-treatment aeration does not sufficiently eliminate residual hydrogen peroxide. Prolonged aeration time increased user comfort when using decontaminated FFRs.
    Conclusions: HPV and low-temperature hydrogen peroxide sterilization seem to be appropriate treatments for FFR decontamination when the PPE is reused by the same user. PPE decontamination and reuse methods should be carefully considered as they are critical for the comfort and safety of healthcare workers.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19 ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Respiratory Protective Devices ; Decontamination/methods ; Pandemics ; Papillomavirus Infections ; Equipment Reuse ; Personal Protective Equipment
    Chemical Substances Hydrogen Peroxide (BBX060AN9V)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0280426
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Numerical assessment of mechanical ventilation filtration

    Taibi Laila / El Mankibi Mohamed / Bahrar Myriam / Kindinis Andrea / Lapertot Arnaud / Bahloul Ali / Brochot Clothilde

    E3S Web of Conferences, Vol 396, p

    2023  Volume 01121

    Abstract: The improvements in living standards and air-conditioning have widely been applied, however, the health effects of indoor air pollution have been increasing, especially in the last three years with the coronavirus. To get clean air through the building, ... ...

    Abstract The improvements in living standards and air-conditioning have widely been applied, however, the health effects of indoor air pollution have been increasing, especially in the last three years with the coronavirus. To get clean air through the building, filtration is one of the most efficient strategies to optimize indoor air quality. In this regard, a comparative study was done in a classroom at ENTPE laboratory to emphasize filtration’s importance and to test the efficiency of analyzed type PM10_50. The results highlighted allows us to see the impact of control strategy on the efficiency of filtration (air conditions and ventilation systems performances). The numerical feedback has also been analyzed and the results allowed us to find an efficient filter and draw recommendations for their use.
    Keywords Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher EDP Sciences
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article: How Effective Is the Filtration of 'KN95' Filtering Facepiece Respirators During the COVID-19 Pandemic?

    Brochot, Clothilde / Saidi, Mohamed N / Bahloul, Ali

    Ann. Work Expo. Health

    Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The high demand of filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) worldwide during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a critical situation for decision-makers regarding their supply. After authorizing the use of FFRs certified by other ... ...

    Abstract OBJECTIVES: The high demand of filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) worldwide during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a critical situation for decision-makers regarding their supply. After authorizing the use of FFRs certified by other regions of the world, decision-makers in many countries have published alerts, particularly concerning the 'KN95' type. METHODS: This paper investigated the filtration performance of different FFRs using an experimental setup already employed during several studies on FFRs filtration performance. Its high-resolution measuring devices permit to determine filtration performance according to the normative criteria: the pressure drop and the filtration efficiency. Eight different FFRs have been used: four NIOSH-approved FFRs and four not NIOSH-approved with a 'KN95' shape available during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: The data show a high disparity between different FFRs purchased by healthcare establishments, and between those that are NIOSH-approved and those that are not NIOSH-approved. The results confirm that the NIOSH certification offers good protection according to the normative criteria. The 'KN95' types present pressure drops which correspond to the normative value, however their efficiencies are lower than the efficiencies of FFRs certified by NIOSH and lower than 95% at the most penetrate particle size. CONCLUSIONS: FFRs marking is not sufficient to conclude on the FFRs' efficiency. Visual inspection can not determine which samples are counterfeit or have manufacturing defects.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #894558
    Database COVID19

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  5. Article ; Online: How Effective Is the Filtration of ‘KN95’ Filtering Facepiece Respirators During the COVID-19 Pandemic?

    Brochot, Clothilde / Saidi, Mohamed N / Bahloul, Ali

    Annals of Work Exposures and Health ; ISSN 2398-7308 2398-7316

    2020  

    Abstract: Abstract Objectives The high demand of filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) worldwide during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a critical situation for decision-makers regarding their supply. After authorizing the use of FFRs certified by ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Objectives The high demand of filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) worldwide during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a critical situation for decision-makers regarding their supply. After authorizing the use of FFRs certified by other regions of the world, decision-makers in many countries have published alerts, particularly concerning the ‘KN95’ type. Methods This paper investigated the filtration performance of different FFRs using an experimental setup already employed during several studies on FFRs filtration performance. Its high-resolution measuring devices permit to determine filtration performance according to the normative criteria: the pressure drop and the filtration efficiency. Eight different FFRs have been used: four NIOSH-approved FFRs and four not NIOSH-approved with a ‘KN95’ shape available during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results The data show a high disparity between different FFRs purchased by healthcare establishments, and between those that are NIOSH-approved and those that are not NIOSH-approved. The results confirm that the NIOSH certification offers good protection according to the normative criteria. The ‘KN95’ types present pressure drops which correspond to the normative value, however their efficiencies are lower than the efficiencies of FFRs certified by NIOSH and lower than 95% at the most penetrate particle size. Conclusions FFRs marking is not sufficient to conclude on the FFRs’ efficiency. Visual inspection can not determine which samples are counterfeit or have manufacturing defects.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publishing country uk
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1093/annweh/wxaa101
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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  6. Article ; Online: Particle loading time and humidity effects on the efficiency of an N95 filtering facepiece respirator model under constant and inhalation cyclic flows.

    Mahdavi, Alireza / Haghighat, Fariborz / Bahloul, Ali / Brochot, Clothilde / Ostiguy, Claude

    The Annals of occupational hygiene

    2015  Volume 59, Issue 5, Page(s) 629–640

    Abstract: It is necessary to investigate the efficiencies of filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) exposed to ultrafine particles (UFPs) for long periods of time, since the particle loading time may potentially affect the efficiency of FFRs. This article aims to ... ...

    Abstract It is necessary to investigate the efficiencies of filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) exposed to ultrafine particles (UFPs) for long periods of time, since the particle loading time may potentially affect the efficiency of FFRs. This article aims to investigate the filtration efficiency for a model of electrostatic N95 FFRs with constant and 'inhalation-only' cyclic flows, in terms of particle loading time effect, using different humidity conditions. Filters were exposed to generated polydisperse NaCl particles. Experiments were performed mimicking an 'inhalation-only' scenario with a cyclic flow of 85 l min(-1) as the minute volume [or 170 l min(-1) as mean inhalation flow (MIF)] and for two constant flows of 85 and 170 l min(-1), under three relative humidity (RH) levels of 10, 50, and 80%. Each test was performed for loading time periods of 6h and the particle penetration (10-205.4nm in electrical mobility diameter) was measured once every 2h. For a 10% RH, the penetration of smaller size particles (<80nm), including the most penetrating particle size (MPPS), decreased over time for both constant and cyclic flows. For 50 and 80% RH levels, the changes in penetration were typically observed in an opposite direction with less magnitude. The penetrations at MPPS increased with respect to loading time under constant flow conditions (85 and 170 l min(-1)): it did not substantially increase under cyclic flows. The comparison of the cyclic flow (85 l min(-1) as minute volume) and constant flow equal to the cyclic flow minute volume indicated that, for all conditions the penetration was significantly less for the constant flow than that of cyclic flow. The comparison between the cyclic (170 l min(-1) as MIF) and constant flow equal to cyclic flow MIF indicated that, for the initial stage of loading, the penetrations were almost equal, but they were different for the final stages of the loading time. For a 10% RH, the penetration of a wide range of sizes was observed to be higher with the cyclic flow (170 as MIF) than with the equivalent constant flow (170 l min(-1)). For 50 and 80% RH levels, the penetrations were usually greater with a constant flow (170 l min(-1)) than with a cyclic flow (170 l min(-1) as MIF). It is concluded that, for the tested electrostatic N95 filters, the change in penetration as a function of the loading time does not necessarily take place with the same rate under constant (MIF) and cyclic flow. Moreover, for all tested flow rates, the penetration is not only affected by the loading time but also by the RH level. Lower RH levels (10%) have decreasing penetration rates in terms of loading time, while higher RH levels (50 and 80%) have increasing penetration rates. Also, the loading of the filter is normally accompanied with a shift of MPPS towards larger sizes.
    MeSH term(s) Equipment Design ; Filtration/instrumentation ; Humidity ; Inhalation Exposure/analysis ; Manikins ; Materials Testing/methods ; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) ; Particle Size ; Respiratory Protective Devices/standards ; Respiratory Rate ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 390312-6
    ISSN 1475-3162 ; 0003-4878
    ISSN (online) 1475-3162
    ISSN 0003-4878
    DOI 10.1093/annhyg/mev005
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.B 244: Show issues Location:
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    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
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