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  1. Article ; Online: A Predictive Model for the Evolution of COVID-19.

    Bhardwaj, Rajneesh

    Transactions of the Indian National Academy of Engineering : an international journal of engineering and technology

    2020  Volume 5, Issue 2, Page(s) 133–140

    Abstract: We predict the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in several countries using a logistic model. The model uses a regression analysis based on the least-squares fitting. In particular, the growth rate of the infection has been fitted as an exponential ... ...

    Abstract We predict the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in several countries using a logistic model. The model uses a regression analysis based on the least-squares fitting. In particular, the growth rate of the infection has been fitted as an exponential decay, as compared to a linear decay, reported previously in logistic models. The model has been validated with the data of China and South Korea, where the pandemic is nearing to its end. The data of Italy, Germany, Spain, and Sweden show that the peak of the infection has been reached, i.e. a time when the new infections will start to decrease as compared to the previous day. The model predicts the approximate number of total infections at the end of the outbreak. The possible peak date and the total number of infections for different countries are predicted using the data available. The total number of infections in the USA is estimated to be around 4 million. The model prediction of Brazil shows that the peak will reach on 5 July 2020 and total infections will be 3.2 million. The reported data of India show a large initial scatter in the growth rate. The total number of infections in India is estimated to be around 2.4 million by the model and the predicted peak date is 3 August 2020. The predictions of India are discussed in the context of restricted movement of population, i.e. lock-down imposed by the government.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-22
    Publishing country Singapore
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2662-5423
    ISSN (online) 2662-5423
    DOI 10.1007/s41403-020-00130-w
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: A Predictive Model for the Evolution of COVID-19

    Bhardwaj, Rajneesh

    Transactions of the Indian National Academy of Engineering

    2020  Volume 5, Issue 2, Page(s) 133–140

    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    ISSN 2662-5415
    DOI 10.1007/s41403-020-00130-w
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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  3. Article ; Online: A Predictive Model for the Evolution of COVID-19

    Bhardwaj, Rajneesh

    Abstract: We predict the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in several countries by using a regression-based predictive model. In particular, the growth rate of the infection has been fitted as an exponential decay, as compared to a linear decay, reported ... ...

    Abstract We predict the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in several countries by using a regression-based predictive model. In particular, the growth rate of the infection has been fitted as an exponential decay, as compared to a linear decay, reported previously. The model has been validated with the data of China and South Korea, where the pandemic is nearing to its end. The data of Italy, Germany, Spain, and Sweden show that the peak of the infection has reached i.e. a time when the new infections will start to decrease as compared to the previous day. The model predicts the approximate number of total infections at the end of the outbreak. The model prediction of the USA, and Brazil show that the peak will reach in the next two-three weeks. The total number of infections in the USA is estimated to be around 4 million by the model. The reported data of India show the start of disease evolution, with a large initial scatter in the growth rate. The possible peak date and the total number of infections are predicted using the data available.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher MedRxiv; WHO
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1101/2020.04.13.20063271
    Database COVID19

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  4. Article ; Online: A Predictive Model for the Evolution of COVID-19

    Bhardwaj, Rajneesh

    medRxiv

    Abstract: We predict the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in several countries by using a regression-based predictive model. In particular, the growth rate of the infection has been fitted as an exponential decay, as compared to a linear decay, reported ... ...

    Abstract We predict the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in several countries by using a regression-based predictive model. In particular, the growth rate of the infection has been fitted as an exponential decay, as compared to a linear decay, reported previously. The model has been validated with the data of China and South Korea, where the pandemic is nearing to its end. The data of Italy, Germany, Spain, and Sweden show that the peak of the infection has reached i.e. a time when the new infections will start to decrease as compared to the previous day. The model predicts the approximate number of total infections at the end of the outbreak. The model prediction of the USA, and Brazil show that the peak will reach in the next two-three weeks. The total number of infections in the USA is estimated to be around 4 million by the model. The reported data of India show the start of disease evolution, with a large initial scatter in the growth rate. The possible peak date and the total number of infections are predicted using the data available.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-17
    Publisher Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1101/2020.04.13.20063271
    Database COVID19

    Full text online

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  5. Article: Probability of COVID-19 infection by cough of a normal person and a super-spreader.

    Agrawal, Amit / Bhardwaj, Rajneesh

    Physics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994)

    2021  Volume 33, Issue 3, Page(s) 31704

    Abstract: In this work, we estimate the probability of an infected person infecting another person in the vicinity by coughing in the context of COVID-19. The analysis relies on the experimental data of Simha and Rao ["Universal trends in human cough airflows at ... ...

    Abstract In this work, we estimate the probability of an infected person infecting another person in the vicinity by coughing in the context of COVID-19. The analysis relies on the experimental data of Simha and Rao ["Universal trends in human cough airflows at large distances," Phys. Fluids
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1472743-2
    ISSN 1089-7666 ; 1070-6631
    ISSN (online) 1089-7666
    ISSN 1070-6631
    DOI 10.1063/5.0041596
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Coupled Dynamics of Droplet Impact on a Flexible, Hydrophilic Cantilever Beam.

    Kumar, Bibek / Upadhyay, Gaurav / Bhardwaj, Rajneesh

    Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids

    2023  Volume 39, Issue 51, Page(s) 18768–18783

    Abstract: We experimentally study the droplet impact on a flexible, hydrophilic cantilever beam. Droplets of water, water-glycerol (1:1 v/v), and glycerol were considered on a copper beam. Side visualization of the droplet impact on the cantilever was carried out ... ...

    Abstract We experimentally study the droplet impact on a flexible, hydrophilic cantilever beam. Droplets of water, water-glycerol (1:1 v/v), and glycerol were considered on a copper beam. Side visualization of the droplet impact on the cantilever was carried out by using a high-speed camera. We systematically vary cantilever stiffness to obtain a characteristic time scale of the beam dynamics, that is, shorter on the same order and longer than the characteristic time scale of droplet dynamics. Water droplet spreading reduces with an increase in the beam's flexibility, due to the "springboard effect". Results reveal that a threshold cantilever length exists beyond which the droplet vibration mode "locks-in" to the cantilever vibration mode. During lock-in, the bending energy of the beam increases with an increasing length or decreasing stiffness. The time-varying cantilever deflection exhibits an oscillatory, exponentially decaying response. However, in the case where both time scales are almost the same, we found a two-stage damping in the measurements: a fast, initial damping followed by a slower, damped response. We explain this damped response by the interplay of droplet and cantilever early dynamics. As expected, increasing the droplet viscosity dampens the magnitude of droplet spreading and displacement of the cantilever's tip due to a larger dissipation of kinetic energy in the bulk of the droplet. The decay is exponential in all cases, and the time taken to reduce the spreading and displacement is shorter with a larger viscosity. The damping coefficient is found to inversely scale with the cantilever length or mass. We corroborated the measurements with available analytical models, confirming the hypotheses used to explain the results. Overall, the present study provides fundamental insights into controlling the coupled dynamics of droplet and flexible substrates, with potential applications such as the design of efficient agricultural sprays and wings of microaerial vehicles.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2005937-1
    ISSN 1520-5827 ; 0743-7463
    ISSN (online) 1520-5827
    ISSN 0743-7463
    DOI 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02238
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Effectiveness of N95 Mask in Preventing COVID-19 Transmission.

    Narayan, Yagya / Chatterjee, Sanghamitro / Agrawal, Amit / Bhardwaj, Rajneesh

    Transactions of the Indian National Academy of Engineering : an international journal of engineering and technology

    2023  Volume 8, Issue 2, Page(s) 253–262

    Abstract: N95 mask has emerged as a potential measure to mitigate the airborne transmission of respiratory disease such as COVID-19. Herein, we experimentally investigated the impact and interaction of pure water droplets as surrogate to respiratory droplets with ... ...

    Abstract N95 mask has emerged as a potential measure to mitigate the airborne transmission of respiratory disease such as COVID-19. Herein, we experimentally investigated the impact and interaction of pure water droplets as surrogate to respiratory droplets with the different layers of a commercially available N95 mask to demonstrate the penetration and passage-capability of respiratory fluids through the different layers. The penetration of an impacting droplet through the mask layers was characterized by elucidating the ejection of secondary droplets from the rear-side surface of the target mask material. In addition, the passage of respiratory fluids through the mask layers was characterized by capillary imbibition of the droplet liquid through the pores, as a function of wettability of the mask material. Droplet impact at Weber numbers We = 208 and 416 has been considered in the present study; the chosen We range corresponds to that of cough droplets realized in real respiratory events. Each layer of the N95 mask is hydrophobic that prevents capillary imbibition through the pores: a sessile droplet placed over the surface exhibits classical diffusion-limited evaporation. Droplet impact experiments on N95 mask layer surfaces reveal that a single layer allows liquid penetration at We = 416; while a combination of five layers, as is the case of a commercially available N95 mask, blocks the penetration completely, consistent with the widely known effectiveness of N95 masks. Herein, we devote special attention to compare the so-obtained efficiency of N95 masks to that of a recently designed two-layer cloth mask containing an intermediate High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filter layer (Narayan et al. in Phys Fluids 34:061703, 2022). We conclusively show that the performance of the designed cloth mask is identical to that of a commercially available N95 mask. The assessment of mask effectiveness further includes examination of breathability and comfort by means of passage of air through them. A comparative study has been presented herein for a clear demonstration of effectiveness of different masks in preventing air-borne transmission of COVID-19.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-23
    Publishing country Singapore
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2662-5423
    ISSN (online) 2662-5423
    DOI 10.1007/s41403-023-00394-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Analysis of Second Wave of COVID-19 in Different Countries.

    Bhardwaj, Rajneesh / Agrawal, Amit

    Transactions of the Indian National Academy of Engineering : an international journal of engineering and technology

    2021  Volume 6, Issue 3, Page(s) 869–875

    Abstract: We analyse the evolution of the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in several countries by using a logistic model. The model uses a regression analysis based on the least-squares fitting. In particular, the growth rate of the infection has been fitted ... ...

    Abstract We analyse the evolution of the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in several countries by using a logistic model. The model uses a regression analysis based on the least-squares fitting. In particular, the growth rate of the infection has been fitted as an exponential increase, as compared to a power law increase, reported previously in logistic models. The data shows that the increase in the exponent of the exponential increase is around 0.03 day
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-28
    Publishing country Singapore
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2662-5423
    ISSN (online) 2662-5423
    DOI 10.1007/s41403-021-00248-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Improving Indoor Air Ventilation by a Ceiling Fan to Mitigate Aerosols Transmission.

    Mallah, Santosh Ramagya / Behera, Sachidananda / Sharma, Atul / Agrawal, Amit / Bhardwaj, Rajneesh

    Transactions of the Indian National Academy of Engineering : an international journal of engineering and technology

    2023  Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 171–182

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-31
    Publishing country Singapore
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2662-5423
    ISSN (online) 2662-5423
    DOI 10.1007/s41403-023-00387-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: How coronavirus survives for days on surfaces.

    Bhardwaj, Rajneesh / Agrawal, Amit

    Physics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994)

    2020  Volume 32, Issue 11, Page(s) 111706

    Abstract: Our previous study [R. Bhardwaj and A. Agrawal, "Likelihood of survival of coronavirus ...

    Abstract Our previous study [R. Bhardwaj and A. Agrawal, "Likelihood of survival of coronavirus in a respiratory droplet deposited on a solid surface," Phys. Fluids
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1472743-2
    ISSN 1089-7666 ; 1070-6631
    ISSN (online) 1089-7666
    ISSN 1070-6631
    DOI 10.1063/5.0033306
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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