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Article: Cardiac Abnormalities in a Predictive Mouse Model of Chagas Disease.

Francisco, Amanda Fortes / Sousa, Giovane R / Vaughan, Mhairi / Langston, Harry / Khan, Archie / Jayawardhana, Shiromani / Taylor, Martin C / Lewis, Michael D / Kelly, John M

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 12, Issue 11

Abstract: Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) results from infection with the protozoan ... ...

Abstract	Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) results from infection with the protozoan parasite
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2695572-6
ISSN	2076-0817
ISSN	2076-0817
DOI	10.3390/pathogens12111364
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Article ; Online: Population Health, Place, and Space: Spatial Perspectives in Chronic Disease Research and Practice.

Casper, Michele / Kramer, Michael R / Peacock, James M / Vaughan, Adam S

Preventing chronic disease

2019 Volume 16, Page(s) E123

MeSH term(s)	Chronic Disease ; Demography ; Humans ; Population Health ; Public Health ; Research
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2135684-1
ISSN	1545-1151 ; 1545-1151
ISSN (online)	1545-1151
ISSN	1545-1151
DOI	10.5888/pcd16.190237
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Article ; Online: Osteopathy in rural and remote Australia: analysis of demographic, practice and clinical management characteristics from a nationally representative sample of 992 osteopaths.

Vaughan, Brett / Steel, Amie / Fleischmann, Michael / Grace, Sandra / Fitzgerald, Kylie / Engel, Roger / Adams, Jon

Rural and remote health

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 7085

Abstract: Introduction: There is significant interest in allied health and the role it plays in health care for rural and remote populations. In Australia, osteopaths are allied health professionals who manage predominantly musculoskeletal complaints using manual ...

Abstract	Introduction: There is significant interest in allied health and the role it plays in health care for rural and remote populations. In Australia, osteopaths are allied health professionals who manage predominantly musculoskeletal complaints using manual therapy, exercise and patient education. Workforce distribution is a significant issue for osteopathy in Australia with most practitioners centred in the metropolitan regions of Victoria and New South Wales. There is limited evidence about the role osteopathy plays in the musculoskeletal health of Australian rural and remote populations. This research sought to profile the characteristics of Australian osteopaths who practise in rural and remote settings. Methods: A secondary analysis of the Osteopathy Research and Innovation Network (ORION) data was undertaken to identify the demographic, practice and clinical management characteristics of Australian osteopaths in rural and remote settings. ORION is a practice-based research network for the Australian osteopathy profession. The ORION questionnaire comprised 27 items regarding osteopaths' characteristics. Inferential statistics were used to identify characteristics that were significantly different between Australian osteopaths practising in rural and remote settings compared to those practising in urban settings. Logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AOR) relating to characteristics significantly associated with practising in a rural and remote setting. Results: Of 992 osteopaths who responded to the ORION questionnaire, 18.3% (n=172) indicated practising in a rural and remote setting. Australian osteopaths in rural and remote settings were more likely to report receiving referrals from massage therapists (AOR 2.17), send referrals to other osteopaths (AOR 1.64), and often treat patients over the age of 65 years (AOR 2.25) compared to their urban counterparts. Osteopaths in rural and remote setting were less likely to report using private health insurance claim systems (AOR 0.36) and to treat non-English-speaking patients (AOR 0.09). Conclusion: This secondary analysis identified several practitioner and practice characteristics that differ between osteopaths practising in rural and remote settings and those practising in urban settings. These findings contribute to the emerging picture of the practice of rural and remote Australian osteopaths. Further research is required to understand the role osteopaths play in rural and remote health care, and how the current data can inform workforce and health policy development.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aged ; Osteopathic Physicians ; Osteopathic Medicine ; Delivery of Health Care ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Victoria/epidemiology ; Demography ; Rural Health Services
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-21
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2105620-1
ISSN	1445-6354 ; 1445-6354
ISSN (online)	1445-6354
ISSN	1445-6354
DOI	10.22605/RRH7085
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Book ; Online: Hidden Heroes

Ramchand, Rajeev / Tanielian, Terri / Fisher, Michael P / Vaughan, Christine Anne / Trail, Thomas E

America's Military Caregivers

2014

Keywords	Popular medicine & health ; Nursing & ancillary services ; Public Health ; Health Sciences ; Management & Organizational Behavior ; Psychology ; Sociology
Language	English
Size	1 Online-Ressource
Publisher	RAND Corporation
Document type	Book ; Online
Note	English
HBZ-ID	HT030610944
ISBN	9780833085580 ; 0833085581
Database	ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article ; Online: Genetics-informed precision treatment formulation in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

Reay, William R / Geaghan, Michael P / Atkins, Joshua R / Carr, Vaughan J / Green, Melissa J / Cairns, Murray J

American journal of human genetics

2023 Volume 109, Issue 9, Page(s) 1620–1637

Abstract: Genetically informed drug development and repurposing is an attractive prospect for improving patient outcomes in psychiatry; however, the effectiveness of these endeavors is confounded by heterogeneity. We propose an approach that links interventions ... ...

Abstract	Genetically informed drug development and repurposing is an attractive prospect for improving patient outcomes in psychiatry; however, the effectiveness of these endeavors is confounded by heterogeneity. We propose an approach that links interventions implicated by disorder-associated genetic risk, at the population level, to a framework that can target these compounds to individuals. Specifically, results from genome-wide association studies are integrated with expression data to prioritize individual "directional anchor" genes for which the predicted risk-increasing direction of expression could be counteracted by an existing drug. While these compounds represent plausible therapeutic candidates, they are not likely to be equally efficacious for all individuals. To account for this heterogeneity, we constructed polygenic scores restricted to variants annotated to the network of genes that interact with each directional anchor gene. These metrics, which we call a pharmagenic enrichment score (PES), identify individuals with a higher burden of genetic risk, localized in biological processes related to the candidate drug target, to inform precision drug repurposing. We used this approach to investigate schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and reveal several compounds targeting specific directional anchor genes that could be plausibly repurposed. These genetic risk scores, mapped to the networks associated with target genes, revealed biological insights that cannot be observed in undifferentiated genome-wide polygenic risk score (PRS). For example, an enrichment of these partitioned scores in schizophrenia cases with otherwise low PRS. In summary, genetic risk could be used more specifically to direct drug repurposing candidates that target particular genes implicated in psychiatric and other complex disorders.
MeSH term(s)	Bipolar Disorder/drug therapy ; Bipolar Disorder/genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Multifactorial Inheritance/genetics ; Risk Factors ; Schizophrenia/drug therapy ; Schizophrenia/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	219384-x
ISSN	1537-6605 ; 0002-9297
ISSN (online)	1537-6605
ISSN	0002-9297
DOI	10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.07.011
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Article ; Online: Increased awareness of event-driven PrEP and knowledge of how to use it: results from a cross-sectional survey of gay and bisexual men in Australia.

Chan, Curtis / Fraser, Doug / Grulich, Andrew E / Philpot, Steven / Vaughan, Matthew / Wacher, Michael / Bavinton, Benjamin R

Sexual health

2022 Volume 19, Issue 6, Page(s) 501–508

Abstract: Background: Recent changes to Australian PrEP prescribing guidelines support the use of event-driven pre-exposure prophylaxis (ED-PrEP) to prevent HIV among gay and bisexual men (GBM). Social marketing campaigns to increase awareness of ED-PrEP were ... ...

Abstract	Background: Recent changes to Australian PrEP prescribing guidelines support the use of event-driven pre-exposure prophylaxis (ED-PrEP) to prevent HIV among gay and bisexual men (GBM). Social marketing campaigns to increase awareness of ED-PrEP were conducted in early 2021. This study aimed to assess the awareness and knowledge of this method after these campaigns. Methods: We conducted a national cross-sectional online survey about PrEP knowledge and attitudes from March to May 2021. Participants were asked if they had heard of ED-PrEP. Among aware participants, questions about the '2-1-1' method were asked to assess knowledge. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the characteristics of those who were aware of ED-PrEP, and those who had correct knowledge of ED-PrEP. Analysis was restricted to non-HIV-positive cis-GBM who were aware of PrEP. Results: Among the 419 participants eligible for this analysis, 286 (68.3%) had heard of ED-PrEP. Awareness was associated with living in a postcode with ≥10% gay men, PrEP experience, and belief ED-PrEP is effective. Of these 286 participants, 125 (43.7%) correctly answered questions about how to take ED-PrEP. Correct knowledge was associated with PrEP experience and belief ED-PrEP is effective. Conclusions: A growing proportion of GBM are aware of ED-PrEP, but many still do not know how to take it as per clinical guidelines. More work is needed to increase knowledge among GBM to promote effective use of this method.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Australia
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-02
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2256731-8
ISSN	1449-8987 ; 1448-5028
ISSN (online)	1449-8987
ISSN	1448-5028
DOI	10.1071/SH22101
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Article ; Online: Towards clinical application of implantable brain-computer interfaces for people with late-stage ALS: medical and ethical considerations.

Vansteensel, Mariska J / Klein, Eran / van Thiel, Ghislaine / Gaytant, Michael / Simmons, Zachary / Wolpaw, Jonathan R / Vaughan, Theresa M

Journal of neurology

2022 Volume 270, Issue 3, Page(s) 1323–1336

Abstract: Individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) frequently develop speech and communication problems in the course of their disease. Currently available augmentative and alternative communication technologies do not present a solution for many ... ...

Abstract	Individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) frequently develop speech and communication problems in the course of their disease. Currently available augmentative and alternative communication technologies do not present a solution for many people with advanced ALS, because these devices depend on residual and reliable motor activity. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) use neural signals for computer control and may allow people with late-stage ALS to communicate even when conventional technology falls short. Recent years have witnessed fast progression in the development and validation of implanted BCIs, which place neural signal recording electrodes in or on the cortex. Eventual widespread clinical application of implanted BCIs as an assistive communication technology for people with ALS will have significant consequences for their daily life, as well as for the clinical management of the disease, among others because of the potential interaction between the BCI and other procedures people with ALS undergo, such as tracheostomy. This article aims to facilitate responsible real-world implementation of implanted BCIs. We review the state of the art of research on implanted BCIs for communication, as well as the medical and ethical implications of the clinical application of this technology. We conclude that the contribution of all BCI stakeholders, including clinicians of the various ALS-related disciplines, will be needed to develop procedures for, and shape the process of, the responsible clinical application of implanted BCIs.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Electroencephalography/methods ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/therapy ; Speech ; Self-Help Devices
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-30
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	187050-6
ISSN	1432-1459 ; 0340-5354 ; 0012-1037 ; 0939-1517 ; 1619-800X
ISSN (online)	1432-1459
ISSN	0340-5354 ; 0012-1037 ; 0939-1517 ; 1619-800X
DOI	10.1007/s00415-022-11464-6
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Article ; Online: Social Determinants of Long-Term Opioid Use Following Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Hadlandsmyth, Katherine / Lund, Brian C / Gao, Yubo / Strayer, Andrea L / Davila, Heather / Hausmann, Leslie R M / Schmidt, Susanne / Shireman, Paula K / Jacobs, Michael A / Mader, Michael J / Tessler, Robert A / Duncan, Carly A / Hall, Daniel E / Sarrazin, Mary Vaughan

The journal of knee surgery

2024

Abstract: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) risks persistent pain and long-term opioid use (LTO). The role of social determinants of health (SDoH) in LTO is not well established. We hypothesized that SDoH would be associated with postsurgical LTO after controlling for ...

Abstract	Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) risks persistent pain and long-term opioid use (LTO). The role of social determinants of health (SDoH) in LTO is not well established. We hypothesized that SDoH would be associated with postsurgical LTO after controlling for relevant demographic and clinical variables. This study utilized data from the Veterans Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Program, VA Corporate Data Warehouse, and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, including Veterans aged ≥ 65 who underwent elective TKA between 2013 and 2019 with no postsurgical complications or history of significant opioid use. LTO was defined as > 90 days of opioid use beginning within 90 days postsurgery. SDoH variables included the Area Deprivation Index, rurality, and housing instability in the last 12 months identified via medical record screener or International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes. Multivariable risk adjustment models controlled for demographic and clinical characteristics. Of the 9,064 Veterans, 97% were male, 84.2% white, mean age was 70.6 years, 46.3% rural, 11.2% living in highly deprived areas, and 0.9% with a history of homelessness/housing instability. Only 3.7% (
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-10
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2075354-8
ISSN	1938-2480 ; 1538-8506 ; 0899-7403
ISSN (online)	1938-2480
ISSN	1538-8506 ; 0899-7403
DOI	10.1055/s-0044-1786021
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Article ; Online: Benchmarking of Outpatient Pediatric Antibiotic Prescribing: Results of a Multicenter Collaborative.

El Feghaly, Rana E / Herigon, Joshua C / Kronman, Matthew P / Wattles, Bethany A / Poole, Nicole M / Smith, Michael J / Vaughan, Ana M / Olivero, Rosemary / Patel, Sameer J / Wirtz, Ann / Willis, Zachary / Lee, Brian R

Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society

2023 Volume 12, Issue 6, Page(s) 364–371

Abstract: Background: Most antibiotic use occurs in ambulatory settings. No benchmarks exist for pediatric institutions to assess their outpatient antibiotic use and compare prescribing rates to peers. We aimed to share pediatric outpatient antibiotic use reports ...

Abstract	Background: Most antibiotic use occurs in ambulatory settings. No benchmarks exist for pediatric institutions to assess their outpatient antibiotic use and compare prescribing rates to peers. We aimed to share pediatric outpatient antibiotic use reports and benchmarking metrics nationally. Methods: We invited institutions from the Sharing Antimicrobial Reports for Pediatric Stewardship OutPatient (SHARPS-OP) Collaborative to contribute quarterly aggregate reports on antibiotic use from January 2019 to June 2022. Outpatient settings included emergency departments (ED), urgent care centers (UCC), primary care clinics (PCC) and telehealth encounters. Benchmarking metrics included the percentage of: (1) all acute encounters resulting in antibiotic prescriptions; (2) acute respiratory infection (ARI) encounters resulting in antibiotic prescriptions; and among ARI encounters receiving antibiotics, (3) the percentage receiving amoxicillin ("Amoxicillin index"); and (4) the percentage receiving azithromycin ("Azithromycin index"). We collected rates of antibiotic prescriptions with durations ≤7 days and >10 days from institutions able to provide validated duration data. Results: Twenty-one institutions submitted aggregate reports. Percent ARI encounters receiving antibiotics were highest in the UCC (40.2%), and lowest in telehealth (19.1%). Amoxicillin index was highest for the ED (76.2%), and lowest for telehealth (55.8%), while the azithromycin index was similar for ED, UCC, and PCC (3.8%, 3.7%, and 5.0% respectively). Antibiotic duration of ≤7 days varied substantially (46.4% for ED, 27.8% UCC, 23.7% telehealth, and 16.4% PCC). Conclusions: We developed a benchmarking platform for key pediatric outpatient antibiotic use metrics drawing data from multiple pediatric institutions nationally. These data may serve as a baseline measurement for future improvement work.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Child ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Azithromycin/therapeutic use ; Benchmarking ; Outpatients ; Practice Patterns, Physicians' ; Amoxicillin/therapeutic use ; Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy ; Inappropriate Prescribing
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Azithromycin (83905-01-5) ; Amoxicillin (804826J2HU)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Multicenter Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2668791-4
ISSN	2048-7207 ; 2048-7193
ISSN (online)	2048-7207
ISSN	2048-7193
DOI	10.1093/jpids/piad039
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Article: Impaired AMPK Control of Alveolar Epithelial Cell Metabolism Promotes Pulmonary Fibrosis.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2024

Abstract: Alveolar epithelial type II (AT2) cell dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of familial and sporadic idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We previously described that expression of an AT2 cell exclusive disease-associated protein isoform (SP- ... ...

Abstract	Alveolar epithelial type II (AT2) cell dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of familial and sporadic idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We previously described that expression of an AT2 cell exclusive disease-associated protein isoform (SP-CI73T) in murine and patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived AT2 cells leads to a block in late macroautophagy and promotes time-dependent mitochondrial impairments; however, how a metabolically dysfunctional AT2 cell results in fibrosis remains elusive. Here using murine and human iPSC-derived AT2 cell models expressing SP-CI73T, we characterize the molecular mechanisms governing alterations in AT2 cell metabolism that lead to increased glycolysis, decreased mitochondrial biogenesis, disrupted fatty acid oxidation, accumulation of impaired mitochondria, and diminished AT2 cell progenitor capacity manifesting as reduced AT2 self-renewal and accumulation of transitional epithelial cells. We identify deficient AMP-kinase signaling as a key upstream signaling hub driving disease in these dysfunctional AT2 cells and augment this pathway to restore alveolar epithelial metabolic function, thus successfully alleviating lung fibrosis in vivo.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2024.03.26.586649
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