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Article ; Online: Rule and Exemplar-based Transfer in Category Learning.

Liu, Zhiya / Liao, Siyao / Seger, Carol A

2023 Volume 35, Issue 4, Page(s) 628–644

Abstract: We compared the neural systems involved in transfer to novel stimuli via rule application versus exemplar processing. Participants learned a categorization task involving abstraction of a complex rule and then categorized different types of transfer ... ...

Abstract	We compared the neural systems involved in transfer to novel stimuli via rule application versus exemplar processing. Participants learned a categorization task involving abstraction of a complex rule and then categorized different types of transfer stimuli without feedback. Rule stimuli used new features and therefore could only be categorized using the rule. Exemplar stimuli included only one of the features necessary to apply the rule and therefore required participants to categorize based on similarity to individual previously learned category members. Consistent and inconsistent stimuli were formed so that both the rule and feature similarity indicated the same category (consistent) or opposite categories (inconsistent). We found that all conditions eliciting rule-based transfer recruited a medial prefrontal-anterior hippocampal network associated with schematic memory. In contrast, exemplar-based transfer recruited areas of the intraparietal sulcus associated with learning and executing stimulus-category mappings along with the posterior hippocampus. These results support theories of categorization that postulate complementary learning and generalization strategies based on schematic and exemplar mechanisms.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Learning ; Concept Formation ; Generalization, Psychological ; Hippocampus ; Parietal Lobe
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1007410-7
ISSN	1530-8898 ; 0898-929X ; 1096-8857
ISSN (online)	1530-8898
ISSN	0898-929X ; 1096-8857
DOI	10.1162/jocn_a_01963
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Zs.A 2623: Show issues

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Article ; Online: A source for category-induced global effects of feature-based attention in human prefrontal cortex.

Huang, Ling / Wang, Jingyi / He, Qionghua / Li, Chu / Sun, Yueling / Seger, Carol A / Zhang, Xilin

Cell reports

2023 Volume 42, Issue 9, Page(s) 113080

Abstract: Global effects of feature-based attention (FBA) are generally limited to stimuli sharing the same or similar features, as hypothesized in the "feature-similarity gain model." Visual perception, however, often reflects categories acquired via experience/ ... ...

Abstract	Global effects of feature-based attention (FBA) are generally limited to stimuli sharing the same or similar features, as hypothesized in the "feature-similarity gain model." Visual perception, however, often reflects categories acquired via experience/learning; whether the global-FBA effect can be induced by the categorized features remains unclear. Here, human subjects were trained to classify motion directions into two discrete categories and perform a classical motion-based attention task. We found a category-induced global-FBA effect in both the middle temporal area (MT+) and frontoparietal areas, where attention to a motion direction globally spread to unattended motion directions within the same category, but not to those in a different category. Effective connectivity analysis showed that the category-induced global-FBA effect in MT+ was derived by feedback from the inferior frontal junction (IFJ). Altogether, our study reveals a category-induced global-FBA effect and identifies a source for this effect in human prefrontal cortex, implying that FBA is of greater ecological significance than previously thought.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Visual Perception ; Temporal Lobe ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Photic Stimulation ; Motion Perception ; Brain Mapping
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2649101-1
ISSN	2211-1247 ; 2211-1247
ISSN (online)	2211-1247
ISSN	2211-1247
DOI	10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113080
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Article: Frontostriatal Functional Connectivity Underlies the Association between Punishment Sensitivity and Procrastination.

Dong, Wenshan / Luo, Jie / Huo, Hangfeng / Seger, Carol A / Chen, Qi

Brain sciences

2022 Volume 12, Issue 9

Abstract: Procrastination is defined as putting off an intended course of action voluntarily despite the harmful consequences. Previous studies have suggested that procrastination is associated with punishment sensitivity in that high punishment sensitivity ... ...

Abstract	Procrastination is defined as putting off an intended course of action voluntarily despite the harmful consequences. Previous studies have suggested that procrastination is associated with punishment sensitivity in that high punishment sensitivity results in increased negative utility for task performance. We hypothesized the effects of punishment sensitivity on procrastination would be mediated by a network connecting the caudate nucleus and prefrontal cortex, both of which have been previously associated with self-control and emotional control during procrastination. We employed voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) to examine the neural substrates of punishment sensitivity and its relationship with procrastination (N = 268). The behavioral results indicated a strong positive correlation between measures of punishment sensitivity and procrastination. The VBM analysis revealed that the gray matter (GM) volume of the right caudate was significantly positively correlated with punishment sensitivity. The primary rsFC analysis revealed connectivity between this caudate location and the bilateral middle frontal gyrus (MFG) was significantly negatively correlated with punishment sensitivity. A mediation model indicated punishment sensitivity completely mediated the relation between functional connectivity within a caudate-bilateral MFG network and procrastination. Our results support the theory that those with higher punishment sensitivity have weaker effective emotional self-control supported by the caudate-MFG network, resulting in greater procrastination.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2651993-8
ISSN	2076-3425
ISSN	2076-3425
DOI	10.3390/brainsci12091163
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Article ; Online: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterized by decreased Pavlovian influence on instrumental behavior.

Peng, Ziwen / He, Luning / Wen, Rongzhen / Verguts, Tom / Seger, Carol A / Chen, Qi

PLoS computational biology

2022 Volume 18, Issue 10, Page(s) e1009945

Abstract: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by uncontrollable repetitive actions thought to rely on abnormalities within fundamental instrumental learning systems. We investigated cognitive and computational mechanisms underlying Pavlovian ... ...

Abstract	Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by uncontrollable repetitive actions thought to rely on abnormalities within fundamental instrumental learning systems. We investigated cognitive and computational mechanisms underlying Pavlovian biases on instrumental behavior in both clinical OCD patients and healthy controls using a Pavlovian-Instrumental Transfer (PIT) task. PIT is typically evidenced by increased responding in the presence of a positive (previously rewarded) Pavlovian cue, and reduced responding in the presence of a negative cue. Thirty OCD patients and thirty-one healthy controls completed the Pavlovian Instrumental Transfer test, which included instrumental training, Pavlovian training for positive, negative and neutral cues, and a PIT phase in which participants performed the instrumental task in the presence of the Pavlovian cues. Modified Rescorla-Wagner models were fitted to trial-by-trial data of participants to estimate underlying computational mechanism and quantify individual differences during training and transfer stages. Bayesian hierarchical methods were used to estimate free parameters and compare the models. Behavioral and computational results indicated a weaker Pavlovian influence on instrumental behavior in OCD patients than in HC, especially for negative Pavlovian cues. Our results contrast with the increased PIT effects reported for another set of disorders characterized by compulsivity, substance use disorders, in which PIT is enhanced. A possible reason for the reduced PIT in OCD may be impairment in using the contextual information provided by the cues to appropriately adjust behavior, especially when inhibiting responding when a negative cue is present. This study provides deeper insight into our understanding of deficits in OCD from the perspective of Pavlovian influences on instrumental behavior and may have implications for OCD treatment modalities focused on reducing compulsive behaviors.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Bayes Theorem ; Conditioning, Operant ; Reward ; Cues ; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2193340-6
ISSN	1553-7358 ; 1553-734X
ISSN (online)	1553-7358
ISSN	1553-734X
DOI	10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009945
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Article: The visual corticostriatal loop through the tail of the caudate: circuitry and function.

Seger, Carol A

Frontiers in systems neuroscience

2013 Volume 7, Page(s) 104

Abstract: Although high level visual cortex projects to a specific region of the striatum, the tail of the caudate, and participates in corticostriatal loops, the function of this visual corticostriatal system is not well understood. This article first reviews ... ...

Abstract	Although high level visual cortex projects to a specific region of the striatum, the tail of the caudate, and participates in corticostriatal loops, the function of this visual corticostriatal system is not well understood. This article first reviews what is known about the anatomy of the visual corticostriatal loop across mammals, including rodents, cats, monkeys, and humans. Like other corticostriatal systems, the visual corticostriatal system includes both closed loop components (recurrent projections that return to the originating cortical location) and open loop components (projections that terminate in other neural regions). The article then reviews what previous empirical research has shown about the function of the tail of the caudate. The article finally addresses the possible functions of the closed and open loop connections of the visual loop in the context of theories and computational models of corticostriatal function.
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-12-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2453005-0
ISSN	1662-5137
ISSN	1662-5137
DOI	10.3389/fnsys.2013.00104
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Article ; Online: The neural substrates of how model-based learning affects risk taking: Functional coupling between right cerebellum and left caudate.

Huo, Hangfeng / Lesage, Elise / Dong, Wenshan / Verguts, Tom / Seger, Carol A / Diao, Sitong / Feng, Tingyong / Chen, Qi

Brain and cognition

2023 Volume 172, Page(s) 106088

Abstract: Higher executive control capacity allows people to appropriately evaluate risk and avoid both excessive risk aversion and excessive risk-taking. The neural mechanisms underlying this relationship between executive function and risk taking are still ... ...

Abstract	Higher executive control capacity allows people to appropriately evaluate risk and avoid both excessive risk aversion and excessive risk-taking. The neural mechanisms underlying this relationship between executive function and risk taking are still unknown. We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis combined with resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) to evaluate how one component of executive function, model-based learning, relates to risk taking. We measured individuals' use of the model-based learning system with the two-step task, and risk taking with the Balloon Analogue Risk Task. Behavioral results indicated that risk taking was positively correlated with the model-based weighting parameter ω. The VBM results showed a positive association between model-based learning and gray matter volume in the right cerebellum (RCere) and left inferior parietal lobule (LIPL). Functional connectivity results suggested that the coupling between RCere and the left caudate (LCAU) was correlated with both model-based learning and risk taking. Mediation analysis indicated that RCere-LCAU functional connectivity completely mediated the effect of model-based learning on risk taking. These results indicate that learners who favor model-based strategies also engage in more appropriate risky behaviors through interactions between reward-based learning, error-based learning and executive control subserved by a caudate, cerebellar and parietal network.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cerebellum/diagnostic imaging ; Gray Matter/diagnostic imaging ; Executive Function ; Parietal Lobe ; Risk-Taking ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	603163-8
ISSN	1090-2147 ; 0278-2626
ISSN (online)	1090-2147
ISSN	0278-2626
DOI	10.1016/j.bandc.2023.106088
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Article: Impairment of arbitration between model-based and model-free reinforcement learning in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Ruan, Zhongqiang / Seger, Carol A / Yang, Qiong / Kim, Dongjae / Lee, Sang Wan / Chen, Qi / Peng, Ziwen

Frontiers in psychiatry

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1162800

Abstract: Introduction: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by an imbalance between goal-directed and habitual learning systems in behavioral control, but it is unclear whether these impairments are due to a single system abnormality of the goal- ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by an imbalance between goal-directed and habitual learning systems in behavioral control, but it is unclear whether these impairments are due to a single system abnormality of the goal-directed system or due to an impairment in a separate arbitration mechanism that selects which system controls behavior at each point in time. Methods: A total of 30 OCD patients and 120 healthy controls performed a 2-choice, 3-stage Markov decision-making paradigm. Reinforcement learning models were used to estimate goal-directed learning (as model-based reinforcement learning) and habitual learning (as model-free reinforcement learning). In general, 29 high Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) score controls, 31 low OCI-R score controls, and all 30 OCD patients were selected for the analysis. Results: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients showed less appropriate strategy choices than controls regardless of whether the OCI-R scores in the control subjects were high ( Conclusion: These findings indicated an impaired arbitration mechanism for flexible adaptation to environmental demands in both OCD patients and healthy individuals reporting high OCI-R scores.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2564218-2
ISSN	1664-0640
ISSN	1664-0640
DOI	10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1162800
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Article ; Online: Alpha oscillations encode Bayesian belief updating underlying attentional allocation in dynamic environments.

Li, Siying / Seger, Carol A / Zhang, Jianfeng / Liu, Meng / Dong, Wenshan / Liu, Wanting / Chen, Qi

NeuroImage

2023 Volume 284, Page(s) 120464

Abstract: In a dynamic environment, expectations of the future constantly change based on updated evidence and affect the dynamic allocation of attention. To further investigate the neural mechanisms underlying attentional expectancies, we employed a modified ... ...

Abstract	In a dynamic environment, expectations of the future constantly change based on updated evidence and affect the dynamic allocation of attention. To further investigate the neural mechanisms underlying attentional expectancies, we employed a modified Central Cue Posner Paradigm in which the probability of cues being valid (that is, accurately indicated the upcoming target location) was manipulated. Attentional deployment to the cued location (α), which was governed by precision of predictions on previous trials, was estimated using a hierarchical Bayesian model and was included as a regressor in the analyses of electrophysiological (EEG) data. Our results revealed that before the target appeared, alpha oscillations (8∼13 Hz) for high-predictability cues (88 % valid) were significantly predicted by precision-dependent attention (α). This relationship was not observed under low-predictability conditions (69 % and 50 % valid cues). After the target appeared, precision-dependent attention (α) correlated with alpha band oscillations only in the valid cue condition and not in the invalid condition. Further analysis under conditions of significant attentional modulation by precision suggested a separate effect of cue orientation. These results provide new insights on how trial-by-trial Bayesian belief updating relates to alpha band encoding of environmentally-sensitive allocation of visual spatial attention.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Bayes Theorem ; Attention/physiology ; Cues ; Probability ; Reaction Time/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1147767-2
ISSN	1095-9572 ; 1053-8119
ISSN (online)	1095-9572
ISSN	1053-8119
DOI	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120464
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Zs.A 3664: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: A network perspective on cognitive function and obsessive-compulsive related symptoms.

Pan, Yimeng / Xu, Chuanyong / He, Tingxin / Wei, Zhen / Seger, Carol A / Chen, Qi / Peng, Ziwen

Journal of affective disorders

2023 Volume 329, Page(s) 428–437

Abstract: Background: The relationship between cognitive function and psychopathological symptoms has been an important research field in recent years. Previous studies have typically applied case-control designs to explore differences in certain cognitive ... ...

Abstract	Background: The relationship between cognitive function and psychopathological symptoms has been an important research field in recent years. Previous studies have typically applied case-control designs to explore differences in certain cognitive variables. Multivariate analyses are needed to deepen our understanding of the intercorrelations among cognitive and symptom phenotypes in OCD. Methods: The present study used network analysis to construct networks of cognitive variables and OCD-related symptoms in patients with OCD and healthy controls (N = 226), aiming to explore the relationship among numerous cognitive function variables and OCD-related symptoms in detail and compare the network features between the two groups. Results: In the network of cognitive function and OCD-related symptoms, nodes representing IQ, letter/number span test, accuracy of task switching test and obsession were much important in the network in terms of their larger strengths and edges. By constructing the networks of these two groups respectively, there was a strong similarity except that the symptom's network in healthy group had a higher degree of overall connectivity. Limitations: Due to the small sample size, the stability of the network cannot be guaranteed. Due to the cross-sectional nature of the data, we were unable to determine how the cognitive-symptom network would change with disease deterioration or treatment. Conclusions: The present study highlights the important role of variables such as obsession and IQ from a network perspective. These results deepen our understanding of the multivariate relationship between cognitive dysfunction and OCD symptoms, and may promote the prediction and diagnosis of OCD.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/psychology ; Cognition ; Cognitive Dysfunction
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-28
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	135449-8
ISSN	1573-2517 ; 0165-0327
ISSN (online)	1573-2517
ISSN	0165-0327
DOI	10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.073
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Zs.A 1485: Show issues

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Article ; Online: The benefit of interleaved presentation in category learning is independent of working memory.

Wang, Jiawei / Liu, Zhiya / Xing, Qiang / Seger, Carol A

Memory (Hove, England)

2020 Volume 28, Issue 2, Page(s) 285–292

Abstract: We tested whether working memory (WM) resources were necessary for the interleaved presentation benefit over blocked presentation in category learning. We examined category learning in the Kornell and Bjork [2008. Learning concepts and categories: Is ... ...

Abstract	We tested whether working memory (WM) resources were necessary for the interleaved presentation benefit over blocked presentation in category learning. We examined category learning in the Kornell and Bjork [2008. Learning concepts and categories: Is spacing the "enemy of induction"?
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Concept Formation ; Female ; Humans ; Judgment ; Learning ; Male ; Memory, Short-Term ; Metacognition ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1147478-6
ISSN	1464-0686 ; 0965-8211
ISSN (online)	1464-0686
ISSN	0965-8211
DOI	10.1080/09658211.2019.1705490
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