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Article ; Online: Commentary on Spilsbury K, Petherick E, Cullum N, Nelson A, Nixon J & Mason S (2008) The role and potential contribution of clinical research nurses to clinical trials. Journal of Clinical Nursing 17, 549-557.

Rickard, Claire M / Roberts, Brigit L

2008 Volume 17, Issue 19, Page(s) 2664–2666

MeSH term(s)	Clinical Trials as Topic ; Nurse's Role ; Nurses ; Nursing Research
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comment ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1159483-4
ISSN	1365-2702 ; 0962-1067 ; 1752-9816
ISSN (online)	1365-2702
ISSN	0962-1067 ; 1752-9816
DOI	10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02402.x
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Article ; Online: Editorial: Anorexia of Ageing and Routinely Collected 'Big Data'- Helpful Insights and New Challenges.

Cox, N J / Roberts, H C

The journal of nutrition, health & aging

2023 Volume 27, Issue 3, Page(s) 182–183

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Anorexia ; Aging
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-23
Publishing country	France
Document type	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Editorial ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2081921-3
ISSN	1760-4788 ; 1279-7707
ISSN (online)	1760-4788
ISSN	1279-7707
DOI	10.1007/s12603-023-1899-1
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Article ; Online: Advances and current research in primary thromboprophylaxis to prevent hospital-associated venous thromboembolism.

Roberts, Lara N / Arya, Roopen / Hunt, Beverley J

British journal of haematology

2024

Abstract: Hospital-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) is defined as any case of VTE occurring during hospital admission and for up to 90 days post discharge. It accounts for over 50% of all cases of VTE internationally; indeed, there are an estimated 10 ... ...

Abstract	Hospital-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) is defined as any case of VTE occurring during hospital admission and for up to 90 days post discharge. It accounts for over 50% of all cases of VTE internationally; indeed, there are an estimated 10 million cases of hospital-associated VTE annually. Over the last decade, there has been increasing interest in improving VTE risk assessment and thromboprophylaxis. This review summarises all the recent and ongoing major research studies and future challenges in the different areas, including medical, surgical and obstetric patients, as well as special areas such as lower limb immobilisation. We include sections on both pharmacological and mechanical thromboprophylaxis.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	80077-6
ISSN	1365-2141 ; 0007-1048
ISSN (online)	1365-2141
ISSN	0007-1048
DOI	10.1111/bjh.19424
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Article ; Online: Prepared for landing: A simple activation strategy scales muscle force to landing height.

Konow, Nicolai / Roberts, Thomas J

Journal of biomechanics

2024 Volume 165, Page(s) 112022

Abstract: Before landing from a jump or fall, animals preactivate muscles to stiffen their limb joints but it is unclear how muscles tune limb stiffness and how collision forcefulness is anticipated. We measured electromyography and force from the lateral ... ...

Abstract	Before landing from a jump or fall, animals preactivate muscles to stiffen their limb joints but it is unclear how muscles tune limb stiffness and how collision forcefulness is anticipated. We measured electromyography and force from the lateral gastrocnemius muscle during landings in turkeys, an animal model that allows for direct measurements of muscle force. Many studies of landings in humans and other animals have found the duration of muscle preactivation to be constant, starting approximately 100 ms before impact, irrespective of fall duration. Therefore, we hypothesized a lack of relationship between fall duration (as dictated by drop height), muscle activity onset-time, and force at toe-down. Contrary to our expectations, both muscle activity and force rose from briefly after fall initiation until toe-down. Preactivation duration was proportional to fall height, while the rate of force rise was consistent across drop heights, resulting in force at landing and leg stiffness being proportional to fall height. Onset of muscle activity lagged 22 ± 7 ms (mean ± S.E.M.) from fall initiation, consistent with a reflex response initiation of the force ramp-up. Together, our results suggest that a constant (clock-like) rate of motor unit recruitment, initiated at fall initiation provides a preactivation that is proportional to drop height. The result is a tuning of pre-landing muscle force, providing a limb stiffening that is proportional to impact intensity, possibly without using information about fall distance.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Electromyography ; Joints/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	218076-5
ISSN	1873-2380 ; 0021-9290
ISSN (online)	1873-2380
ISSN	0021-9290
DOI	10.1016/j.jbiomech.2024.112022
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Article ; Online: Detection of non-cardiac fetal abnormalities by ultrasound at 11-14 weeks: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Karim, J / Di Mascio, D / Roberts, N / Papageorghiou, A T

Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

2024

Abstract: Objectives: To assess diagnostic accuracy of 2D ultrasound at 11-14 weeks gestation as a screening test for individual fetal anomalies and identify screening factors impacting detection.: Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis, developed and ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: To assess diagnostic accuracy of 2D ultrasound at 11-14 weeks gestation as a screening test for individual fetal anomalies and identify screening factors impacting detection. Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis, developed and registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018111781). MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science Core Collection and The Cochrane Library) were searched for studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of screening for 16 pre-specified, non-cardiac, congenital anomalies considered to be of interest to the early anomaly scan. We included prospective and retrospective studies from any healthcare setting and low risk, mixed risk and unselected populations. The reference standard was the detection of an anomaly on postnatal or post-mortem examination. Data were extracted to populate 2 x 2 tables and meta-analysis (random-effects model) undertaken to determine the diagnostic accuracy of screening for the pre-specified anomalies (individually and as a composite). Secondary analyses were performed to determine the impact of (1) imaging protocol (2) ultrasound modality (3) publication year and (4) index of sonographer suspicion at time of scan. Post-hoc secondary analysis was conducted to assess performance for studies from 2010. Risk of bias and quality assessment was undertaken for included studies using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2). Results: From 5684 citations, 202 papers were identified as eligible and reviewed, resulting in the inclusion of 526,322 fetuses (52 studies) of which 2,399 were affected by one or more of the 16 anomalies. Individual anomalies were not equally amenable to detection on first trimester ultrasound ranging from high (>80%) detection rates for severe conditions including acrania (98%), gastroschisis (96%) and exomphalos (95%) and holoprosencephaly (88%); they were lower for open spina bifida (69%), lower urinary tract obstruction (66%) lethal skeletal dysplasias (57%) and limb reduction defects (50%) and below 50% for facial clefts (43%), polydactyly (40%) and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (38). Conditions with low (<30%) detection rates included bilateral renal agenesis (25%), closed spina bifida (21%), isolated cleft lip only (14%) and talipes (11%). Specificity was >99% for all anomalies. Secondary analysis showed improvement of detection with publication year, and that the use of imaging protocols had a statistically significant impact on screening performance (p<0.0001). Conclusions: Accurate detection of congenital anomalies using first trimester ultrasound is feasible. In this study we have determined screening characteristics for individual anomalies and have shown that detection rates and false positive rates are dependent on the type of anomaly. The use of a standardised protocol allows diagnostic performance to be maximised, and this particularly enhances screening performance for the detection of spina bifida, facial clefts and limb reduction defects. Highlighting the types of anomalies amenable to diagnosis and determining favourable screening test factors can support the development of first-trimester anomaly screening programs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1073183-0
ISSN	1469-0705 ; 0960-7692
ISSN (online)	1469-0705
ISSN	0960-7692
DOI	10.1002/uog.27649
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Article ; Online: First recorded presence of anthropogenic fly-ash particles in coral skeletons.

Roberts, L R / Kersting, D K / Zinke, J / Rose, N L

The Science of the total environment

2024 Volume 921, Page(s) 170665

Abstract: Fly-ash particles formed during industrial fossil-fuel combustion show a globally observed rapid increase in concentration within natural archives post-1950 and have been proposed as a marker for the Anthropocene Epoch. Here, we present the first record ... ...

Abstract	Fly-ash particles formed during industrial fossil-fuel combustion show a globally observed rapid increase in concentration within natural archives post-1950 and have been proposed as a marker for the Anthropocene Epoch. Here, we present the first record of fly-ash particles incorporated into coral skeletons. Particles are present in Mediterranean corals between CE 1957 and 1992 at concentrations of 8-30 g
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anthozoa/metabolism ; Coal Ash ; Plastics/metabolism ; Fossil Fuels ; Coal ; Coral Reefs
Chemical Substances	Coal Ash ; Plastics ; Fossil Fuels ; Coal
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-02
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170665
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Article ; Online: CRISPRi: a way to integrate iPSC-derived neuronal models.

Franks, Sarah N J / Heon-Roberts, Rachel / Ryan, Brent J

Biochemical Society transactions

2024 Volume 52, Issue 2, Page(s) 539–551

Abstract: The genetic landscape of neurodegenerative diseases encompasses genes affecting multiple cellular pathways which exert effects in an array of neuronal and glial cell-types. Deconvolution of the roles of genes implicated in disease and the effects of ... ...

Abstract	The genetic landscape of neurodegenerative diseases encompasses genes affecting multiple cellular pathways which exert effects in an array of neuronal and glial cell-types. Deconvolution of the roles of genes implicated in disease and the effects of disease-associated variants remains a vital step in the understanding of neurodegeneration and the development of therapeutics. Disease modelling using patient induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has enabled the generation of key cell-types associated with disease whilst maintaining the genomic variants that predispose to neurodegeneration. The use of CRISPR interference (CRISPRi), alongside other CRISPR-perturbations, allows the modelling of the effects of these disease-associated variants or identifying genes which modify disease phenotypes. This review summarises the current applications of CRISPRi in iPSC-derived neuronal models, such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-based screens, and discusses the future opportunities for disease modelling, identification of disease risk modifiers and target/drug discovery in neurodegeneration.
MeSH term(s)	Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism ; Humans ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/therapy ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/genetics ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Neurons/cytology ; CRISPR-Cas Systems ; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats ; Animals ; Gene Editing
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	184237-7
ISSN	1470-8752 ; 0300-5127
ISSN (online)	1470-8752
ISSN	0300-5127
DOI	10.1042/BST20230190
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Article ; Online: Methylation of Si(111) Modulates Molecular Orientation in Perylenediimide Thin Films.

Strain, Jacob M / Ruiz, Gabriella N / Roberts, Sean T / Rose, Michael J

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids

2024 Volume 40, Issue 5, Page(s) 2519–2530

Abstract: Singlet fission produces a pair of low-energy spin-triplet excitons from a single high-energy spin-singlet exciton. While this process offers the potential to enhance the efficiency of silicon solar cells by ∼30%, meeting this goal requires overlayer ... ...

Abstract	Singlet fission produces a pair of low-energy spin-triplet excitons from a single high-energy spin-singlet exciton. While this process offers the potential to enhance the efficiency of silicon solar cells by ∼30%, meeting this goal requires overlayer materials that can efficiently transport triplet excitons to an underlying silicon substrate. Herein, we demonstrate that the chemical functionalization of silicon surfaces controls the structure of vapor-deposited thin films of perylenediimide (PDI) dyes, which are prototypical singlet fission materials. Using a combination of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS), we find terminating Si(111) with either a thin, polar oxide layer (SiO
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2005937-1
ISSN	1520-5827 ; 0743-7463
ISSN (online)	1520-5827
ISSN	0743-7463
DOI	10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02569
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Article: The effect of COVID-19 on the non-COVID health outcomes of crisis-affected peoples: a systematic review.

Thompson, N / Kyaw, K W Y / Singh, L / Cikomola, J C / Singh, N S / Roberts, Bayard

Conflict and health

2024 Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 37

Abstract: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic posed considerable risks to populations affected by humanitarian crises in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, there is limited understanding of how the pandemic may have affected non-COVID health ... ...

Abstract	Background: The COVID-19 pandemic posed considerable risks to populations affected by humanitarian crises in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, there is limited understanding of how the pandemic may have affected non-COVID health outcomes among crisis-affected populations. Our aim was to examine the evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on non-COVID-19 health outcomes for crisis-affected populations in LMICs. Methods: A systematic review methodology was applied following PRISMA guidelines. Eligibility criteria were: crisis-affected populations in LMICS; COVID-19; and all health topics, except for sexual and reproductive health which was covered in a linked review. Five bibliographic databases and additional grey literature sources were searched. The search period was from 2019 to 31 July 2022. Eligible papers were extracted and analysed using a narrative synthesis approach based on the study objectives and relevant health access and systems frameworks. A quality appraisal was also conducted. Findings: 4320 articles were screened, and 15 eligible studies were identified and included in this review. Ten studies collected health outcomes data. Eight related to mental health, which generally showed worse mental health outcomes because of the pandemic, and pandemic-related stressors were identified. Two studies assessed physical health outcomes in children, while none addressed physical health outcomes among adults. Nine studies reported on access to healthcare, revealing worse access levels due to the pandemic and noting key barriers to care. Seven studies reported on the impact on health systems, with key challenges including reduced and distorted health care funding, reduced staff capacity, interrupted medicines and supplies, weak information and mixed-messaging, and weak leadership. All fifteen studies on the social determinants of health, particularly highlighting the effect of increasing poverty, the role of gender, and food insecurity on health outcomes. The quality of papers was limited overall. Conclusion: This review found some limited evidence indicating negative mental health effects, increased barriers to accessing care, damage to health systems and magnified impacts on the social determinants of health for crisis-affected people during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the small number and limited quality of the studies make the overall strength of evidence quite weak.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2273783-2
ISSN	1752-1505
ISSN	1752-1505
DOI	10.1186/s13031-024-00592-7
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Article ; Online: Insights into the clinical presentation, diagnostics and outcome in dogs presenting with neurological signs secondary to infection with Neospora caninum: 41 cases (2014-2023).

Fisher, C / Seferidis, N / Zilli, J / Roberts, T / Harcourt-Brown, T

The Journal of small animal practice

2024

Abstract: ... presenting to two UK referral centres with neurological signs secondary to N. caninum infection between 2014 ...

Abstract	Objectives: To describe the clinical signs and outcome of a large cohort of dogs presenting with neurological signs secondary to Neospora caninum infection. Materials and methods: Retrospective review of cases presenting to two UK referral centres with neurological signs secondary to N. caninum infection between 2014 and 2023. Presenting signs, diagnostic test results, treatment, short- and long-term outcome analysed. Results: A total of 1690 cases were assessed for eligibility. Forty-four cases with a diagnosis of neosporosis were obtained. Three cases were then excluded due to non-neurological presentations (two hepatitis and one myocarditis). A total of 41 cases were included in the study. Cerebello-vestibular signs predominated; however, presenting clinical signs were varied and the neurolocalisation was often multifocal in nature (46.3%), making neosporosis an important differential diagnosis for meningoencephalitis of unknown origin. Complete clinical improvement was rare (5.6%), and relapses were common (27.8% cases with follow-up). Clinical significance: Neosporosis remains an important differential diagnosis for dogs at any age presenting with multifocal neurological signs. The outcome is considered poor and relapse rate is high.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	410743-3
ISSN	1748-5827 ; 0022-4510 ; 1748-5827
ISSN (online)	1748-5827
ISSN	0022-4510 ; 1748-5827
DOI	10.1111/jsap.13702
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