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  1. Article: Quantization: History and problems.

    Carosso, Andrea

    Studies in history and philosophy of science

    2022  Volume 96, Page(s) 35–50

    Abstract: In this work, I explore the concept of quantization as a mapping from classical phase space functions to quantum operators. I discuss the early history of this notion of quantization with emphasis on the works of Schrödinger and Dirac, and how ... ...

    Abstract In this work, I explore the concept of quantization as a mapping from classical phase space functions to quantum operators. I discuss the early history of this notion of quantization with emphasis on the works of Schrödinger and Dirac, and how quantization fit into their overall understanding of quantum theory in the 1920's. Dirac, in particular, proposed a quantization map which should satisfy certain properties, including the property that quantum commutators should be related to classical Poisson brackets in a particular way. However, in 1946, Groenewold proved that Dirac's mapping was inconsistent, making the problem of defining a rigorous quantization map more elusive than originally expected. This result, known as the Groenewold-Van Hove theorem, is not often discussed in physics texts, but here I will give an account of the theorem and what it means for potential ``corrections" to Dirac's scheme. Other proposals for quantization have arisen over the years, the first major one being that of Weyl in 1927, which was later developed by many, including Groenewold, and which has since become known as Weyl Quantization in the mathematical literature. Another, known as Geometric Quantization, formulates quantization in differential-geometric terms by appealing to the character of classical phase spaces as symplectic manifolds; this approach began with the work of Souriau, Kostant, and Kirillov in the 1960's. I will describe these proposals for quantization and comment on their relation to Dirac's original program. Along the way, the problem of operator ordering and of quantizing in curvilinear coordinates will be described, since these are natural questions that immediately present themselves when thinking about quantization.
    MeSH term(s) Quantum Theory
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 202358-1
    ISSN 1879-2510 ; 0039-3681
    ISSN (online) 1879-2510
    ISSN 0039-3681
    DOI 10.1016/j.shpsa.2022.09.001
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  2. Article ; Online: New Findings in the Multidisciplinary Management of a Fetal Intrapericardial Teratoma: A Case Report.

    Carosso, Marco / Carosso, Andrea Roberto / Bertschy, Gianluca / Sdei, Simona / Marozio, Luca / Sciarrone, Andrea / Benedetto, Chiara

    Fetal diagnosis and therapy

    2023  Volume 51, Issue 1, Page(s) 92–100

    Abstract: Introduction: Fetal intrapericardial teratoma is a rare tumor that can be diagnosed by antenatal ultrasonography early in pregnancy.: Case presentation: A fetal intrapericardial teratoma was detected on routine ultrasonography in the second trimester ...

    Abstract Introduction: Fetal intrapericardial teratoma is a rare tumor that can be diagnosed by antenatal ultrasonography early in pregnancy.
    Case presentation: A fetal intrapericardial teratoma was detected on routine ultrasonography in the second trimester of pregnancy. At 31 weeks gestation, a marked increase in tumor size, fetal ascites, and pericardial effusion were observed, indicating that preterm delivery would be inevitable. Corticosteroid prophylaxis (24 mg of betamethasone in two doses of 12 mg 24 h apart) initiated for prophylaxis of respiratory distress syndrome led to a reduction in fetal ascites and pericardial effusion. Betamethasone therapy (4 mg/per day) was continued with the aim to postpone the expected date of delivery. Gestation was extended for more than 2 weeks. At 33 weeks and 5 days gestation, the neonate was delivered by elective cesarean section with ex utero intrapartum treatment and immediately submitted to fetal cardiac surgery. The infant was discharged from the hospital in good health about 4 months later.
    Conclusion: The present report draws attention to improvement in fetal status and extension of gestation achieved with maternal low-dose corticosteroid therapy on antenatal ultrasound finding of fetal ascites and pericardial effusion due to intrapericardial teratoma.
    MeSH term(s) Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Humans ; Female ; Pericardial Effusion/diagnostic imaging ; Pericardial Effusion/therapy ; Pericardial Effusion/etiology ; Cesarean Section ; Ascites ; Pericardium/diagnostic imaging ; Pericardium/pathology ; Pericardium/surgery ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal/adverse effects ; Teratoma/diagnostic imaging ; Teratoma/drug therapy ; Teratoma/surgery ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Betamethasone/therapeutic use ; Heart Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Heart Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Heart Neoplasms/surgery
    Chemical Substances Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Betamethasone (9842X06Q6M)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-19
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 1066460-9
    ISSN 1421-9964 ; 1015-3837
    ISSN (online) 1421-9964
    ISSN 1015-3837
    DOI 10.1159/000533132
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  3. Article ; Online: Vaginal delivery in COVID-19 pregnant women: anorectum as a potential alternative route of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

    Carosso, Andrea Roberto / Cosma, Stefano / Benedetto, Chiara

    American journal of obstetrics and gynecology

    2020  Volume 223, Issue 4, Page(s) 612

    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections ; Delivery, Obstetric ; Female ; Genitalia ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 80016-8
    ISSN 1097-6868 ; 0002-9378
    ISSN (online) 1097-6868
    ISSN 0002-9378
    DOI 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.06.012
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  4. Article: Is HPV the Novel Target in Male Idiopathic Infertility? A Systematic Review of the Literature.

    Muscianisi, Francesco / De Toni, Luca / Giorato, Gloria / Carosso, Andrea / Foresta, Carlo / Garolla, Andrea

    Frontiers in endocrinology

    2021  Volume 12, Page(s) 643539

    Abstract: Infertility is an important health problem that affects up to 16% of couples worldwide. Male infertility is responsible for about 50% of the cases, and the various causes of male infertility may be classified in pre-testicular (for example hypothalamic ... ...

    Abstract Infertility is an important health problem that affects up to 16% of couples worldwide. Male infertility is responsible for about 50% of the cases, and the various causes of male infertility may be classified in pre-testicular (for example hypothalamic diseases), testicular, and post-testicular (for example obstructive pathologies of seminal ducts) causes. Sexually transmitted infections (STI) are increasingly widely accepted by researchers and clinicians as etiological factors of male infertility. In particular, several recent reports have documented the presence of HPV in seminal fluid and observed that sperm infection can also be present in sexually active asymptomatic male and infertile patients. In this review, we aimed to perform a systematic review of the whole body of literature exploring the impact of HPV infection in natural and assisted fertility outcomes, from both an experimental and a clinical point of view. Starting from
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antibodies ; Comorbidity ; Female ; Fertility ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Infertility, Male/complications ; Infertility, Male/etiology ; Infertility, Male/therapy ; Male ; Papillomaviridae ; Papillomavirus Infections/complications ; Papillomavirus Infections/etiology ; Papillomavirus Infections/therapy ; Semen/metabolism ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/complications ; Spermatozoa/pathology
    Chemical Substances Antibodies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-08
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 2592084-4
    ISSN 1664-2392
    ISSN 1664-2392
    DOI 10.3389/fendo.2021.643539
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  5. Article ; Online: How to reduce the potential risk of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during vaginal delivery?

    Carosso, Andrea / Cosma, Stefano / Serafini, Paola / Benedetto, Chiara / Mahmood, Tahir

    European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology

    2020  Volume 250, Page(s) 246–249

    Abstract: The risk of vertical transmission during vaginal delivery in COVID-19 pregnant patients is currently a topic of debate. Obstetric norms on vaginal birth assistance to reduce the potential risk of perinatal infection should be promoted by ensuring that ... ...

    Abstract The risk of vertical transmission during vaginal delivery in COVID-19 pregnant patients is currently a topic of debate. Obstetric norms on vaginal birth assistance to reduce the potential risk of perinatal infection should be promoted by ensuring that the risk of contamination from maternal anus and faecal material is reduced during vaginal delivery.
    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/transmission ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Delivery, Obstetric/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/transmission ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vagina/virology
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-06
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 190605-7
    ISSN 1872-7654 ; 0301-2115 ; 0028-2243
    ISSN (online) 1872-7654
    ISSN 0301-2115 ; 0028-2243
    DOI 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.04.065
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  6. Article: Women in Advanced Reproductive Age: Are the Follicular Output Rate, the Follicle-Oocyte Index and the Ovarian Sensitivity Index Predictors of Live Birth in an IVF Cycle?

    Carosso, Andrea Roberto / van Eekelen, Rik / Revelli, Alberto / Canosa, Stefano / Mercaldo, Noemi / Benedetto, Chiara / Gennarelli, Gianluca

    Journal of clinical medicine

    2022  Volume 11, Issue 3

    Abstract: 1) ...

    Abstract (1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-06
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662592-1
    ISSN 2077-0383
    ISSN 2077-0383
    DOI 10.3390/jcm11030859
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  7. Article ; Online: A Fascial Reinterpretation of the Classical Female Pelvic Surgical Anatomy: Seeing Things from a Different Angle.

    Cosma, Stefano / Ferraioli, Domenico / Carosso, Andrea / Ceccaroni, Marcello / Benedetto, Chiara

    Journal of minimally invasive gynecology

    2020  Volume 28, Issue 5, Page(s) 940–941

    Abstract: Study objective: The classical surgical anatomy of the female pelvis was born with radical hysterectomy [1] and focused on the pivotal role of the lateral parametrium, a conceptually complex structure, an artifact of surgical anatomy [2] without which ... ...

    Abstract Study objective: The classical surgical anatomy of the female pelvis was born with radical hysterectomy [1] and focused on the pivotal role of the lateral parametrium, a conceptually complex structure, an artifact of surgical anatomy [2] without which the whole classical model would collapse. Here, using natural planes, we tried to simplify the puzzle of the virtual spaces surrounding this structure [3,4]. With the aim of better conceptualizing the classical model of the female pelvic surgical anatomy, we broadened its perspective, which had been narrowly focused on the historic gynecologic setting, by developing a comprehensive model of pelvic retroperitoneal compartmentalization. This dissection was based on the invariable anatomic (fasciae) rather than the surgical-anatomic (parametrium) structures and aimed at providing a holistic, more user-friendly approach intended for surgical and educational purposes [5]. Because each compartment has its own surgical function (hence the name), the excavation of a single compartment may be used as a rational guide to tailor surgery to the site of the pathologic condition to be treated or the type of procedure required, whereas the compartments' sequential development may be useful in planning surgical strategies. Redefining the classical model according to the anatomic fascial planes of dissection potentially allows for an intrinsic surgical reproducibility, minimizing dissective bias. A reinterpretation of the known anatomy is required to enhance education. The breaking down of such a complex system (the pelvis) into smaller parts (compartments) will hopefully provide a useful guide for conceptualization and navigation; surgical navigation requires a holistic mental map and a few invariable anatomic reference points or landmarks.
    Design: A step-by-step laparoscopic demonstration of the fascial model, developed on a fresh frozen female pelvis, and its correlation with the classical female retroperitoneal surgical anatomy.
    Setting: Cadaver Laboratory, Department of Legal Medicine, University of Turin.
    Interventions: The first part of the video shows the progressive development of the 3 hemicompartments in the right hemipelvis and of the fourth median compartment after the identification of 3 invariable anatomic reference points: the obliterated umbilical artery, the ureter, and the sacrouterine ligament as superficial landmarks of 3 deeper fascial-ligamentous structures: the umbilicovesical fascia, the urogenital-hypogastric fascia, and the sacropubic ligament, respectively (Figure 1). The areas delimited by the aforementioned deep fascial ligamentous structures have been designated as compartments: • the right parietal hemicompartment, so called because it is bordered by the sidewall of the pelvis, lateral to the umbilicovesical fascia • the right vascular hemicompartment, so called because of the presence of the internal iliac vessel's visceral branches between the umbilicovesical fascia and the urogenital-hypogastric fascia • the visceral compartment, so called because it contains the pelvic organs between the sacropubic ligaments • the right neural hemicompartment, so called because of the presence of the organ-specific vegetative bundles, medial to the urogenital-hypogastric fascia. The second part of the video describes the retrorectal, presacral, and retropubic connection areas between the neural, vascular, and parietal hemicompartments of each hemipelvis, justifying their overall crescent shape. Finally, the spaces of classical surgical anatomy included in each hemicompartment are listed not only according to their anatomic criterion, but also according to their functional criterion. In fact, the parietal compartment should be developed for the evaluation of the pelvic lymph node status or during exenterative and urogynecologic procedures. The vascular compartment must be prepared when sectioning of the vascular visceral pedicles at their origin is required. Development of the neural compartment is required whenever visceral neural components are to be spared. The visceral compartment has to be developed for complete organ mobilization and exposure.
    Conclusion: Taken as a whole, our 4-compartment model of pelvic anatomic surgery is intended for use in planning and optimizing surgical strategies. Moreover, it is potentially able to simplify surgical teaching and training, allowing the fitting together of puzzle-like pieces of disjointed organ-specific retroperitoneal spaces according to their function (Figure 2). The correlation of this approach to clinical outcomes is still being determined.
    MeSH term(s) Dissection ; Fascia ; Female ; Humans ; Pelvis/surgery ; Peritoneum ; Reproducibility of Results
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2186934-0
    ISSN 1553-4669 ; 1553-4650
    ISSN (online) 1553-4669
    ISSN 1553-4650
    DOI 10.1016/j.jmig.2020.11.016
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  8. Article ; Online: Nonperturbative Renormalization of Operators in Near-Conformal Systems Using Gradient Flows.

    Carosso, Andrea / Hasenfratz, Anna / Neil, Ethan T

    Physical review letters

    2018  Volume 121, Issue 20, Page(s) 201601

    Abstract: We propose a continuous real space renormalization group transformation based on gradient flow, allowing for a numerical study of renormalization without the need for costly ensemble matching. We apply our technique in a pilot study of SU(3) gauge theory ...

    Abstract We propose a continuous real space renormalization group transformation based on gradient flow, allowing for a numerical study of renormalization without the need for costly ensemble matching. We apply our technique in a pilot study of SU(3) gauge theory with N_{f}=12 fermions in the fundamental representation, finding the mass anomalous dimension to be γ_{m}=0.23(6), consistent with other perturbative and lattice estimates. We also present the first lattice calculation of the nucleon anomalous dimension in this theory, finding γ_{N}=0.05(5).
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-12-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208853-8
    ISSN 1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
    ISSN (online) 1079-7114
    ISSN 0031-9007
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.201601
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  9. Article: Reproductive and Obstetric Outcomes Following a Natural Cycle vs. Artificial Endometrial Preparation for Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

    Carosso, Andrea Roberto / Brunod, Nicole / Filippini, Claudia / Revelli, Alberto / Evangelisti, Bernadette / Cosma, Stefano / Borella, Fulvio / Canosa, Stefano / Benedetto, Chiara / Gennarelli, Gianluca

    Journal of clinical medicine

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 12

    Abstract: Background: ...

    Abstract Background:
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-13
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662592-1
    ISSN 2077-0383
    ISSN 2077-0383
    DOI 10.3390/jcm12124032
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