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  1. Article ; Online: How to verify the death of a patient.

    Churcher, Clare Elizabeth / Dowie, Iwan

    Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)

    2020  

    Abstract: When a patient dies, it is important that nurses understand their role in the verification of death. This article explains the steps required to verify the death of an adult patient. Verification of death is not a mechanistic task, but one that requires ... ...

    Abstract When a patient dies, it is important that nurses understand their role in the verification of death. This article explains the steps required to verify the death of an adult patient. Verification of death is not a mechanistic task, but one that requires sensitivity and compassion. It is also crucial that nurses understand the legal implications of verifying a patient's death. With the development of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, nurses must also understand any changes in their role when verifying the death of a patient. Verification or confirmation of death is the process of ascertaining whether a patient is deceased, based on a physical assessment. Nurses can only verify a death if the patient is expected to die and has a do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DNACPR) order in place. A DNACPR order is essential because it allows the nurse to verify the death without being concerned with the need to resuscitate the patient. Nurses should ensure they act in accordance with local and national guidance regarding the verification of a patient's death. REFLECTIVE ACTIVITY: How to articles can help to update your practice and ensure it remains evidence based. Apply this article to your practice. Reflect on and write a short account of: How this article might inform your practice when verifying a patient's death. How you could use this information to educate your colleagues on the appropriate steps required when verifying a patient's death.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 645016-7
    ISSN 2047-9018 ; 0029-6570
    ISSN (online) 2047-9018
    ISSN 0029-6570
    DOI 10.7748/ns.2020.e11561
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: How to verify the death of a patient

    Churcher, Clare Elizabeth / Dowie, Iwan

    Nurs. stand

    Abstract: When a patient dies, it is important that nurses understand their role in the verification of death. This article explains the steps required to verify the death of an adult patient. Verification of death is not a mechanistic task, but one that requires ... ...

    Abstract When a patient dies, it is important that nurses understand their role in the verification of death. This article explains the steps required to verify the death of an adult patient. Verification of death is not a mechanistic task, but one that requires sensitivity and compassion. It is also crucial that nurses understand the legal implications of verifying a patient's death. With the development of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, nurses must also understand any changes in their role when verifying the death of a patient. Verification or confirmation of death is the process of ascertaining whether a patient is deceased, based on a physical assessment. Nurses can only verify a death if the patient is expected to die and has a do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DNACPR) order in place. A DNACPR order is essential because it allows the nurse to verify the death without being concerned with the need to resuscitate the patient. Nurses should ensure they act in accordance with local and national guidance regarding the verification of a patient's death. REFLECTIVE ACTIVITY: How to articles can help to update your practice and ensure it remains evidence based. Apply this article to your practice. Reflect on and write a short account of: How this article might inform your practice when verifying a patient's death. How you could use this information to educate your colleagues on the appropriate steps required when verifying a patient's death.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #378034
    Database COVID19

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  3. Article ; Online: The zebrafish reference genome sequence and its relationship to the human genome.

    Howe, Kerstin / Clark, Matthew D / Torroja, Carlos F / Torrance, James / Berthelot, Camille / Muffato, Matthieu / Collins, John E / Humphray, Sean / McLaren, Karen / Matthews, Lucy / McLaren, Stuart / Sealy, Ian / Caccamo, Mario / Churcher, Carol / Scott, Carol / Barrett, Jeffrey C / Koch, Romke / Rauch, Gerd-Jörg / White, Simon /
    Chow, William / Kilian, Britt / Quintais, Leonor T / Guerra-Assunção, José A / Zhou, Yi / Gu, Yong / Yen, Jennifer / Vogel, Jan-Hinnerk / Eyre, Tina / Redmond, Seth / Banerjee, Ruby / Chi, Jianxiang / Fu, Beiyuan / Langley, Elizabeth / Maguire, Sean F / Laird, Gavin K / Lloyd, David / Kenyon, Emma / Donaldson, Sarah / Sehra, Harminder / Almeida-King, Jeff / Loveland, Jane / Trevanion, Stephen / Jones, Matt / Quail, Mike / Willey, Dave / Hunt, Adrienne / Burton, John / Sims, Sarah / McLay, Kirsten / Plumb, Bob / Davis, Joy / Clee, Chris / Oliver, Karen / Clark, Richard / Riddle, Clare / Elliot, David / Eliott, David / Threadgold, Glen / Harden, Glenn / Ware, Darren / Begum, Sharmin / Mortimore, Beverley / Mortimer, Beverly / Kerry, Giselle / Heath, Paul / Phillimore, Benjamin / Tracey, Alan / Corby, Nicole / Dunn, Matthew / Johnson, Christopher / Wood, Jonathan / Clark, Susan / Pelan, Sarah / Griffiths, Guy / Smith, Michelle / Glithero, Rebecca / Howden, Philip / Barker, Nicholas / Lloyd, Christine / Stevens, Christopher / Harley, Joanna / Holt, Karen / Panagiotidis, Georgios / Lovell, Jamieson / Beasley, Helen / Henderson, Carl / Gordon, Daria / Auger, Katherine / Wright, Deborah / Collins, Joanna / Raisen, Claire / Dyer, Lauren / Leung, Kenric / Robertson, Lauren / Ambridge, Kirsty / Leongamornlert, Daniel / McGuire, Sarah / Gilderthorp, Ruth / Griffiths, Coline / Manthravadi, Deepa / Nichol, Sarah / Barker, Gary / Whitehead, Siobhan / Kay, Michael / Brown, Jacqueline / Murnane, Clare / Gray, Emma / Humphries, Matthew / Sycamore, Neil / Barker, Darren / Saunders, David / Wallis, Justene / Babbage, Anne / Hammond, Sian / Mashreghi-Mohammadi, Maryam / Barr, Lucy / Martin, Sancha / Wray, Paul / Ellington, Andrew / Matthews, Nicholas / Ellwood, Matthew / Woodmansey, Rebecca / Clark, Graham / Cooper, James D / Cooper, James / Tromans, Anthony / Grafham, Darren / Skuce, Carl / Pandian, Richard / Andrews, Robert / Harrison, Elliot / Kimberley, Andrew / Garnett, Jane / Fosker, Nigel / Hall, Rebekah / Garner, Patrick / Kelly, Daniel / Bird, Christine / Palmer, Sophie / Gehring, Ines / Berger, Andrea / Dooley, Christopher M / Ersan-Ürün, Zübeyde / Eser, Cigdem / Geiger, Horst / Geisler, Maria / Karotki, Lena / Kirn, Anette / Konantz, Judith / Konantz, Martina / Oberländer, Martina / Rudolph-Geiger, Silke / Teucke, Mathias / Lanz, Christa / Raddatz, Günter / Osoegawa, Kazutoyo / Zhu, Baoli / Rapp, Amanda / Widaa, Sara / Langford, Cordelia / Yang, Fengtang / Schuster, Stephan C / Carter, Nigel P / Harrow, Jennifer / Ning, Zemin / Herrero, Javier / Searle, Steve M J / Enright, Anton / Geisler, Robert / Plasterk, Ronald H A / Lee, Charles / Westerfield, Monte / de Jong, Pieter J / Zon, Leonard I / Postlethwait, John H / Nüsslein-Volhard, Christiane / Hubbard, Tim J P / Roest Crollius, Hugues / Rogers, Jane / Stemple, Derek L

    Nature

    2013  Volume 496, Issue 7446, Page(s) 498–503

    Abstract: Zebrafish have become a popular organism for the study of vertebrate gene function. The virtually transparent embryos of this species, and the ability to accelerate genetic studies by gene knockdown or overexpression, have led to the widespread use of ... ...

    Abstract Zebrafish have become a popular organism for the study of vertebrate gene function. The virtually transparent embryos of this species, and the ability to accelerate genetic studies by gene knockdown or overexpression, have led to the widespread use of zebrafish in the detailed investigation of vertebrate gene function and increasingly, the study of human genetic disease. However, for effective modelling of human genetic disease it is important to understand the extent to which zebrafish genes and gene structures are related to orthologous human genes. To examine this, we generated a high-quality sequence assembly of the zebrafish genome, made up of an overlapping set of completely sequenced large-insert clones that were ordered and oriented using a high-resolution high-density meiotic map. Detailed automatic and manual annotation provides evidence of more than 26,000 protein-coding genes, the largest gene set of any vertebrate so far sequenced. Comparison to the human reference genome shows that approximately 70% of human genes have at least one obvious zebrafish orthologue. In addition, the high quality of this genome assembly provides a clearer understanding of key genomic features such as a unique repeat content, a scarcity of pseudogenes, an enrichment of zebrafish-specific genes on chromosome 4 and chromosomal regions that influence sex determination.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Chromosomes/genetics ; Conserved Sequence/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Genes/genetics ; Genome/genetics ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Genomics ; Humans ; Male ; Meiosis/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Pseudogenes/genetics ; Reference Standards ; Sex Determination Processes/genetics ; Zebrafish/genetics ; Zebrafish Proteins/genetics
    Chemical Substances Zebrafish Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-04-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 120714-3
    ISSN 1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
    ISSN (online) 1476-4687
    ISSN 0028-0836
    DOI 10.1038/nature12111
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Changes in symptomatology, reinfection, and transmissibility associated with the SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7

    Mark S Graham, PhD / Carole H Sudre, PhD / Anna May, MA / Michela Antonelli, PhD / Benjamin Murray, MSc / Thomas Varsavsky, MSc / Kerstin Kläser, MSc / Liane S Canas, PhD / Erika Molteni, PhD / Marc Modat, PhD / David A Drew, PhD / Long H Nguyen, MD / Lorenzo Polidori, MSc / Somesh Selvachandran, MSc / Christina Hu, MA / Joan Capdevila, PhD / Alexander Hammers, ProfPhD / Andrew T Chan, ProfMD / Jonathan Wolf, MA /
    Tim D Spector, ProfPhD / Claire J Steves, PhD / Sebastien Ourselin, ProfPhD / Cherian Koshy / Amy Ash / Emma Wise / Nathan Moore / Matilde Mori / Nick Cortes / Jessica Lynch / Stephen Kidd / Derek J Fairley / Tanya Curran / James P McKenna / Helen Adams / Christophe Fraser / Tanya Golubchik / David Bonsall / Mohammed O Hassan-Ibrahim / Cassandra S Malone / Benjamin J Cogger / Michelle Wantoch / Nicola Reynolds / Ben Warne / Joshua Maksimovic / Karla Spellman / Kathryn McCluggage / Michaela John / Robert Beer / Safiah Afifi / Sian Morgan / Angela Marchbank / Anna Price / Christine Kitchen / Huw Gulliver / Ian Merrick / Joel Southgate / Martyn Guest / Robert Munn / Trudy Workman / Thomas R Connor / William Fuller / Catherine Bresner / Luke B Snell / Amita Patel / Themoula Charalampous / Gaia Nebbia / Rahul Batra / Jonathan Edgeworth / Samuel C Robson / Angela H Beckett / David M Aanensen / Anthony P Underwood / Corin A Yeats / Khalil Abudahab / Ben EW Taylor / Mirko Menegazzo / Gemma Clark / Wendy Smith / Manjinder Khakh / Vicki M Fleming / Michelle M Lister / Hannah C Howson-Wells / Louise Berry / Tim Boswell / Amelia Joseph / Iona Willingham / Carl Jones / Christopher Holmes / Paul Bird / Thomas Helmer / Karlie Fallon / Julian Tang / Veena Raviprakash / Sharon Campbell / Nicola Sheriff / Victoria Blakey / Lesley-Anne Williams / Matthew W Loose / Nadine Holmes / Christopher Moore / Matthew Carlile / Victoria Wright / Fei Sang / Johnny Debebe / Francesc Coll / Adrian W Signell / Gilberto Betancor / Harry D Wilson / Sahar Eldirdiri / Anita Kenyon / Thomas Davis / Oliver G Pybus / Louis du Plessis / Alex E Zarebski / Jayna Raghwani / Moritz UG Kraemer / Sarah Francois / Stephen W Attwood / Tetyana I Vasylyeva / Marina Escalera Zamudio / Bernardo Gutierrez / M. Estee Torok / William L Hamilton / Ian G Goodfellow / Grant Hall / Aminu S Jahun / Yasmin Chaudhry / Myra Hosmillo / Malte L Pinckert / Iliana Georgana / Samuel Moses / Hannah Lowe / Luke Bedford / Jonathan Moore / Susanne Stonehouse / Chloe L Fisher / Ali R Awan / John BoYes / Judith Breuer / Kathryn Ann Harris / Julianne Rose Brown / Divya Shah / Laura Atkinson / Jack CD Lee / Nathaniel Storey / Flavia Flaviani / Adela Alcolea-Medina / Rebecca Williams / Gabrielle Vernet / Michael R Chapman / Lisa J Levett / Judith Heaney / Wendy Chatterton / Monika Pusok / Li Xu-McCrae / Darren L Smith / Matthew Bashton / Gregory R Young / Alison Holmes / Paul Anthony Randell / Alison Cox / Pinglawathee Madona / Frances Bolt / James Price / Siddharth Mookerjee / Manon Ragonnet-Cronin / Fabricia F. Nascimento / David Jorgensen / Igor Siveroni / Rob Johnson / Olivia Boyd / Lily Geidelberg / Erik M Volz / Aileen Rowan / Graham P Taylor / Katherine L Smollett / Nicholas J Loman / Joshua Quick / Claire McMurray / Joanne Stockton / Sam Nicholls / Will Rowe / Radoslaw Poplawski / Alan McNally / Rocio T Martinez Nunez / Jenifer Mason / Trevor I Robinson / Elaine O'Toole / Joanne Watts / Cassie Breen / Angela Cowell / Graciela Sluga / Nicholas W Machin / Shazaad S Y Ahmad / Ryan P George / Fenella Halstead / Venkat Sivaprakasam / Wendy Hogsden / Chris J Illingworth / Chris Jackson / Emma C Thomson / James G Shepherd / Patawee Asamaphan / Marc O Niebel / Kathy K Li / Rajiv N Shah / Natasha G Jesudason / Lily Tong / Alice Broos / Daniel Mair / Jenna Nichols / Stephen N Carmichael / Kyriaki Nomikou / Elihu Aranday-Cortes / Natasha Johnson / Igor Starinskij / Ana da Silva Filipe / David L Robertson / Richard J Orton / Joseph Hughes / Sreenu Vattipally / Joshua B Singer / Seema Nickbakhsh / Antony D Hale / Louissa R Macfarlane-Smith / Katherine L Harper / Holli Carden / Yusri Taha / Brendan AI Payne / Shirelle Burton-Fanning / Sheila Waugh / Jennifer Collins / Gary Eltringham / Steven Rushton / Sarah O'Brien / Amanda Bradley / Alasdair Maclean / Guy Mollett / Rachel Blacow / Kate E Templeton / Martin P McHugh / Rebecca Dewar / Elizabeth Wastenge / Samir Dervisevic / Rachael Stanley / Emma J Meader / Lindsay Coupland / Louise Smith / Clive Graham / Edward Barton / Debra Padgett / Garren Scott / Emma Swindells / Jane Greenaway / Andrew Nelson / Clare M McCann / Wen C Yew / Monique Andersson / Timothy Peto / Anita Justice / David Eyre / Derrick Crook / Tim J Sloan / Nichola Duckworth / Sarah Walsh / Anoop J Chauhan / Sharon Glaysher / Kelly Bicknell / Sarah Wyllie / Scott Elliott / Allyson Lloyd / Robert Impey / Nick Levene / Lynn Monaghan / Declan T Bradley / Tim Wyatt / Elias Allara / Clare Pearson / Husam Osman / Andrew Bosworth / Esther Robinson / Peter Muir / Ian B Vipond / Richard Hopes / Hannah M Pymont / Stephanie Hutchings / Martin D Curran / Surendra Parmar / Angie Lackenby / Tamyo Mbisa / Steven Platt / Shahjahan Miah / David Bibby / Carmen Manso / Jonathan Hubb / Meera Chand / Gavin Dabrera / Mary Ramsay / Daniel Bradshaw / Alicia Thornton / Richard Myers / Ulf Schaefer / Natalie Groves / Eileen Gallagher / David Lee / David Williams / Nicholas Ellaby / Ian Harrison / Hassan Hartman / Nikos Manesis / Vineet Patel / Chloe Bishop / Vicki Chalker / Juan Ledesma / Katherine A Twohig / Matthew T.G. Holden / Sharif Shaaban / Alec Birchley / Alexander Adams / Alisha Davies / Amy Gaskin / Amy Plimmer / Bree Gatica-Wilcox / Caoimhe McKerr / Catherine Moore / Chris Williams / David Heyburn / Elen De Lacy / Ember Hilvers / Fatima Downing / Giri Shankar / Hannah Jones / Hibo Asad / Jason Coombes / Joanne Watkins / Johnathan M Evans / Laia Fina / Laura Gifford / Lauren Gilbert / Lee Graham / Malorie Perry / Mari Morgan / Matthew Bull / Michelle Cronin / Nicole Pacchiarini / Noel Craine / Rachel Jones / Robin Howe / Sally Corden / Sara Rey / Sara Kumziene-SummerhaYes / Sarah Taylor / Simon Cottrell / Sophie Jones / Sue Edwards / Justin O'Grady / Andrew J Page / Alison E Mather / David J Baker / Steven Rudder / Alp Aydin / Gemma L Kay / Alexander J Trotter / Nabil-Fareed Alikhan / Leonardo de Oliveira Martins / Thanh Le-Viet / Lizzie Meadows / Anna Casey / Liz Ratcliffe / David A Simpson / Zoltan Molnar / Thomas Thompson / Erwan Acheson / Jane AH Masoli / Bridget A Knight / Sian Ellard / Cressida Auckland / Christopher R Jones / Tabitha W Mahungu / Dianne Irish-Tavares / Tanzina Haque / Jennifer Hart / Eric Witele / Melisa Louise Fenton / Ashok Dadrah / Amanda Symmonds / Tranprit Saluja / Yann Bourgeois / Garry P Scarlett / Katie F Loveson / Salman Goudarzi / Christopher Fearn / Kate Cook / Hannah Dent / Hannah Paul / David G Partridge / Mohammad Raza / Cariad Evans / Kate Johnson / Steven Liggett / Paul Baker / Stephen Bonner / Sarah Essex / Ronan A Lyons / Kordo Saeed / Adhyana I.K Mahanama / Buddhini Samaraweera / Siona Silveira / Emanuela Pelosi / Eleri Wilson-Davies / Rachel J Williams / Mark Kristiansen / Sunando Roy / Charlotte A Williams / Marius Cotic / Nadua Bayzid / Adam P Westhorpe / John A Hartley / Riaz Jannoo / Helen L Lowe / Angeliki Karamani / Leah Ensell / Jacqui A Prieto / Sarah Jeremiah / Dimitris Grammatopoulos / Sarojini Pandey / Lisa Berry / Katie Jones / Alex Richter / Andrew Beggs / Angus Best / Benita Percival / Jeremy Mirza / Oliver Megram / Megan Mayhew / Liam Crawford / Fiona Ashcroft / Emma Moles-Garcia / Nicola Cumley / Colin P Smith / Giselda Bucca / Andrew R Hesketh / Beth Blane / Sophia T Girgis / Danielle Leek / Sushmita Sridhar / Sally Forrest / Claire Cormie / Harmeet K Gill / Joana Dias / Ellen E Higginson / Mailis Maes / Jamie Young / Leanne M Kermack / Ravi Kumar Gupta / Catherine Ludden / Sharon J Peacock / Sophie Palmer / Carol M Churcher / Nazreen F Hadjirin / Alessandro M Carabelli / Ellena Brooks / Kim S Smith / Katerina Galai / Georgina M McManus / Chris Ruis / Rose K Davidson / Andrew Rambaut / Thomas Williams / Carlos E Balcazar / Michael D Gallagher / Áine O'Toole / Stefan Rooke / Verity Hill / Kathleen A Williamson / Thomas D Stanton / Stephen L Michell / Claire M Bewshea / Ben Temperton / Michelle L Michelsen / Joanna Warwick-Dugdale / Robin Manley / Audrey Farbos / James W Harrison / Christine M Sambles / David J Studholme / Aaron R Jeffries / Alistair C Darby / Julian A Hiscox / Steve Paterson / Miren Iturriza-Gomara / Kathryn A Jackson / Anita O Lucaci / Edith E Vamos / Margaret Hughes / Lucille Rainbow / Richard Eccles / Charlotte Nelson / Mark Whitehead / Lance Turtle / Sam T Haldenby / Richard Gregory / Matthew Gemmell / Claudia Wierzbicki / Hermione J Webster / Thushan I de Silva / Nikki Smith / Adrienn Angyal / Benjamin B Lindsey / Danielle C Groves / Luke R Green / Dennis Wang / Timothy M Freeman / Matthew D Parker / Alexander J Keeley / Paul J Parsons / Rachel M Tucker / Rebecca Brown / Matthew Wyles / Max Whiteley / Peijun Zhang / Marta Gallis / Stavroula F Louka / Chrystala Constantinidou / Meera Unnikrishnan / Sascha Ott / Jeffrey K.J. Cheng / Hannah E. Bridgewater / Lucy R. Frost / Grace Taylor-Joyce / Richard Stark / Laura Baxter / Mohammad T. Alam / Paul E Brown / Dinesh Aggarwal / Alberto C Cerda / Tammy V Merrill / Rebekah E Wilson / Patrick C McClure / Joseph G Chappell / Theocharis Tsoleridis / Jonathan Ball / David Buck / John A Todd / Angie Green / Amy Trebes / George MacIntyre-Cockett / Mariateresa de Cesare / Alex Alderton / Roberto Amato / Cristina V Ariani / Mathew A Beale / Charlotte Beaver / Katherine L Bellis / Emma Betteridge / James Bonfield / John Danesh / Matthew J Dorman / Eleanor Drury / Ben W Farr / Luke Foulser / Sonia Goncalves / Scott Goodwin / Marina Gourtovaia / Ewan M Harrison / David K Jackson / Dorota Jamrozy / Ian Johnston / Leanne Kane / Sally Kay / Jon-Paul Keatley / Dominic Kwiatkowski / Cordelia F Langford / Mara Lawniczak / Laura Letchford / Rich Livett / Stephanie Lo / Inigo Martincorena / Samantha McGuigan / Rachel Nelson / Steve Palmer / Naomi R Park / Minal Patel / Liam Prestwood / Christoph Puethe / Michael A Quail / Shavanthi Rajatileka / Carol Scott / Lesley Shirley / John Sillitoe / Michael H Spencer Chapman / Scott AJ Thurston / Gerry Tonkin-Hill / Danni Weldon / Diana Rajan / Iraad F Bronner / Louise Aigrain / Nicholas M Redshaw / Stefanie V Lensing / Robert Davies / Andrew Whitwham / Jennifier Liddle / Kevin Lewis / Jaime M Tovar-Corona / Steven Leonard / Jillian Durham / Andrew R Bassett / Shane McCarthy / Robin J Moll / Keith James / Karen Oliver / Alex Makunin / Jeff Barrett / Rory N Gunson

    The Lancet Public Health, Vol 6, Iss 5, Pp e335-e

    an ecological study

    2021  Volume 345

    Abstract: Summary: Background: The SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7 was first identified in December, 2020, in England. We aimed to investigate whether increases in the proportion of infections with this variant are associated with differences in symptoms or disease ... ...

    Abstract Summary: Background: The SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7 was first identified in December, 2020, in England. We aimed to investigate whether increases in the proportion of infections with this variant are associated with differences in symptoms or disease course, reinfection rates, or transmissibility. Methods: We did an ecological study to examine the association between the regional proportion of infections with the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant and reported symptoms, disease course, rates of reinfection, and transmissibility. Data on types and duration of symptoms were obtained from longitudinal reports from users of the COVID Symptom Study app who reported a positive test for COVID-19 between Sept 28 and Dec 27, 2020 (during which the prevalence of B.1.1.7 increased most notably in parts of the UK). From this dataset, we also estimated the frequency of possible reinfection, defined as the presence of two reported positive tests separated by more than 90 days with a period of reporting no symptoms for more than 7 days before the second positive test. The proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infections with the B.1.1.7 variant across the UK was estimated with use of genomic data from the COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium and data from Public Health England on spike-gene target failure (a non-specific indicator of the B.1.1.7 variant) in community cases in England. We used linear regression to examine the association between reported symptoms and proportion of B.1.1.7. We assessed the Spearman correlation between the proportion of B.1.1.7 cases and number of reinfections over time, and between the number of positive tests and reinfections. We estimated incidence for B.1.1.7 and previous variants, and compared the effective reproduction number, Rt, for the two incidence estimates. Findings: From Sept 28 to Dec 27, 2020, positive COVID-19 tests were reported by 36 920 COVID Symptom Study app users whose region was known and who reported as healthy on app sign-up. We found no changes in reported symptoms or disease duration associated with B.1.1.7. For the same period, possible reinfections were identified in 249 (0·7% [95% CI 0·6–0·8]) of 36 509 app users who reported a positive swab test before Oct 1, 2020, but there was no evidence that the frequency of reinfections was higher for the B.1.1.7 variant than for pre-existing variants. Reinfection occurrences were more positively correlated with the overall regional rise in cases (Spearman correlation 0·56–0·69 for South East, London, and East of England) than with the regional increase in the proportion of infections with the B.1.1.7 variant (Spearman correlation 0·38–0·56 in the same regions), suggesting B.1.1.7 does not substantially alter the risk of reinfection. We found a multiplicative increase in the Rt of B.1.1.7 by a factor of 1·35 (95% CI 1·02–1·69) relative to pre-existing variants. However, Rt fell below 1 during regional and national lockdowns, even in regions with high proportions of infections with the B.1.1.7 variant. Interpretation: The lack of change in symptoms identified in this study indicates that existing testing and surveillance infrastructure do not need to change specifically for the B.1.1.7 variant. In addition, given that there was no apparent increase in the reinfection rate, vaccines are likely to remain effective against the B.1.1.7 variant. Funding: Zoe Global, Department of Health (UK), Wellcome Trust, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK), National Institute for Health Research (UK), Medical Research Council (UK), Alzheimer's Society.
    Keywords Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 150
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Evaluating the Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Mutation D614G on Transmissibility and Pathogenicity

    Volz, Erik / Hill, Verity / McCrone, John T. / Price, Anna / Jorgensen, David / O’Toole, Áine / Southgate, Joel / Johnson, Robert / Jackson, Ben / Nascimento, Fabricia F. / Rey, Sara M. / Nicholls, Samuel M. / Colquhoun, Rachel M. / da Silva Filipe, Ana / Shepherd, James / Pascall, David J. / Shah, Rajiv / Jesudason, Natasha / Li, Kathy /
    Jarrett, Ruth / Pacchiarini, Nicole / Bull, Matthew / Geidelberg, Lily / Siveroni, Igor / Goodfellow, Ian / Loman, Nicholas J. / Pybus, Oliver G. / Robertson, Dave / Thomson, Emma C. / Rambaut, Andrew / Connor, Thomas R. / Koshy, Cherian / Wise, Emma / Cortes, Nick / Lynch, Jessica / Kidd, Stephen / Mori, Matilde / Fairley, Derek J. / Curran, Tanya / McKenna, James P. / Adams, Helen / Fraser, Christophe / Golubchik, Tanya / Bonsall, David / Moore, Catrin / Caddy, Sarah L. / Khokhar, Fahad A. / Wantoch, Michelle / Reynolds, Nicola / Warne, Ben / Maksimovic, Joshua / Spellman, Karla / McCluggage, Kathryn / John, Michaela / Beér, Robert / Afifi, Safiah / Morgan, Siân / Marchbank, Angela / Kitchen, C. / Gulliver, Huw / Merrick, Ian / Guest, Martyn / Munn, Robert / Workman, Trudy / Fuller, William / Bresner, Catherine / Snell, Luke B. / Charalampous, Themoula / Nebbia, Gaia / Batra, Rahul / Edgeworth, Jonathan / Robson, Samuel C. / Beckett, Angela / Loveson, Katie F. / Aanensen, David M. / Underwood, Anthony P. / Yeats, Corin A. / Abudahab, Khalil / Taylor, Ben E.W. / Menegazzo, Mirko / Clark, Gemma / Smith, Wendy / Khakh, Manjinder / Fleming, Vicki M. / Lister, Michelle M. / Howson-Wells, Hannah C. / Berry, Louise / Boswell, Tim / Joseph, Amelia / Willingham, Iona / Bird, Paul / Helmer, Thomas / Fallon, Karlie / Holmes, Christopher / Tang, Julian / Raviprakash, Veena / Campbell, Sharon / Sheriff, Nicola / Loose, Matthew W. / Holmes, Nadine / Moore, Christopher / Carlile, Matthew / Wright, Victoria / Sang, Fei / Debebe, Johnny / Coll, Francesc / Signell, Adrian W. / Betancor, Gilberto / Wilson, Harry D. / Feltwell, Theresa / Houldcroft, Charlotte J. / Eldirdiri, Sahar / Kenyon, Anita / Davis, Thomas / Pybus, Oliver / Du Plessis, L. / Zarebski, Alex / Raghwani, Jayna / Kraemer, Moritz / Francois, Sarah / Attwood, Stephen / Vasylyeva, Tetyana / Török, Estée / Hamilton, William L. / Goodfellow, Ian G. / Hall, Grant / Jahun, Aminu S. / Chaudhry, Yasmin / Hosmillo, Myra / Pinckert, Malte L. / Georgana, Iliana / Yakovleva, Anna / Meredith, Luke W. / Moses, S. / Lowe, Hannah / Ryan, Felicity / Fisher, Chloe L. / Awan, Ali R. / Boyes, John / Breuer, Judith / Harris, Kathryn Ann / Brown, Julianne Rose / Shah, Divya / Atkinson, Laura / Lee, Jack C.D. / Alcolea-Medina, Adela / Moore, Nathan / Cortes, Nicholas / Williams, Rebecca / Chapman, Michael R. / Levett, Lisa J. / Heaney, Judith / Smith, Darren L. / Bashton, Matthew / Young, Gregory R. / Allan, John / Loh, Joshua / Randell, Paul A. / Cox, Ali / Madona, Pinglawathee / Holmes, Alison / Bolt, Frances / Price, James / Mookerjee, Siddharth / Rowan, Aileen / Taylor, Graham P. / Ragonnet-Cronin, Manon / Johnson, Rob / Boyd, Olivia / Volz, Erik M. / Brunker, Kirstyn / Smollett, Katherine L. / Quick, Joshua / McMurray, Claire / Stockton, Joanne / Nicholls, Sam / Rowe, William / Poplawski, Radoslaw / Martinez-Nunez, Rocio T. / Mason, Jenifer / Robinson, Trevor I. / O'Toole, Elaine / Watts, Joanne / Breen, 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    Cell. 2021 Jan. 07, v. 184, no. 1 p.64-75.e11

    2021  

    Abstract: Global dispersal and increasing frequency of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein variant D614G are suggestive of a selective advantage but may also be due to a random founder effect. We investigate the hypothesis for positive selection of spike D614G in the ... ...

    Institution COG-UK Consortium
    Abstract Global dispersal and increasing frequency of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein variant D614G are suggestive of a selective advantage but may also be due to a random founder effect. We investigate the hypothesis for positive selection of spike D614G in the United Kingdom using more than 25,000 whole genome SARS-CoV-2 sequences. Despite the availability of a large dataset, well represented by both spike 614 variants, not all approaches showed a conclusive signal of positive selection. Population genetic analysis indicates that 614G increases in frequency relative to 614D in a manner consistent with a selective advantage. We do not find any indication that patients infected with the spike 614G variant have higher COVID-19 mortality or clinical severity, but 614G is associated with higher viral load and younger age of patients. Significant differences in growth and size of 614G phylogenetic clusters indicate a need for continued study of this variant.
    Keywords COVID-19 infection ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; data collection ; founder effect ; genetic analysis ; genome ; mortality ; mutation ; pathogenicity ; phylogeny ; viral load ; United Kingdom ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; evolution ; epidemiology ; spike
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0107
    Size p. 64-75.e11.
    Publishing place Elsevier Inc.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 187009-9
    ISSN 1097-4172 ; 0092-8674
    ISSN (online) 1097-4172
    ISSN 0092-8674
    DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.020
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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