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Article: Blue Laser Light Counteracts HSV-1 in the SH-SY5Y Neuronal Cell Model of Infection.

Zupin, Luisa / Crovella, Sergio

2022 Volume 12, Issue 1

Abstract: Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is wide-spread virus that triggers painful and recurrent infections, as herpes labialis, causing blister lesions on the lip. HSV-1 infection can be a lifelong condition starting from childhood due to the latency of the ... ...

Abstract	Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is wide-spread virus that triggers painful and recurrent infections, as herpes labialis, causing blister lesions on the lip. HSV-1 infection can be a lifelong condition starting from childhood due to the latency of the virus hidden in the trigeminal ganglia. Despite the use of antiviral treatments, there is not a resolutive cure for herpes. In our study, we tested blue light against HSV-1 in a neuronal cellular model, aimed at mimicking the neuronal tropism of HSV-1. Two laser protocols employing continuous wave and pulse modalities were delivered to infected cell cultures and to the virus alone. A significant reduction of viral replication was observed when the beam was directly applied to the virus, along with an increase in cell survival. Our findings, considering the limitation of the still-unknown mechanisms by which the blue light acts on the virus, suggested a potential use of photobiomodulation therapy for clinical applications against herpes labialis in pediatric patients.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662250-6
ISSN	2075-1729
ISSN	2075-1729
DOI	10.3390/life12010055
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Article ; Online: Effect of near-infrared and blue laser light on vero E6 cells SARS-CoV-2 infection model.

Zupin, Luisa / Clemente, Libera / Fontana, Francesco / Crovella, Sergio

Journal of biophotonics

2023 Volume 16, Issue 3, Page(s) e202200203

Abstract: Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) employing laser light has been emerging as a safe strategy to challenge viruses. In this study the effect of blue and near-infrared (NIR) laser light was assessed in an in vitro model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. PBMT at ... ...

Abstract	Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) employing laser light has been emerging as a safe strategy to challenge viruses. In this study the effect of blue and near-infrared (NIR) laser light was assessed in an in vitro model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. PBMT at blue wavelength inhibited viral amplification when the virus was directly irradiated and then transferred to cell culture and when cells already infected were treated. The NIR wavelength resulted less efficacious showing a minor effect on the reduction of the viral load. The cells receiving the irradiated virus or directly irradiated rescued their viability to level comparable to not treated cells. Virion integrity and antigenicity were preserved after blue and NIR irradiation, suggesting that the PBMT antiviral effect was not correlated to viral lipidic envelope disruption. Our results suggested that PBMT can be considered a valid strategy to counteract SARS-CoV-2 infection, at least in vitro.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Chlorocebus aethiops ; Humans ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vero Cells ; Light ; Lasers
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-03
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2390063-5
ISSN	1864-0648 ; 1864-063X
ISSN (online)	1864-0648
ISSN	1864-063X
DOI	10.1002/jbio.202200203
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Article ; Online: Blue Laser Light Counteracts HSV-1 in the SH-SY5Y Neuronal Cell Model of Infection

Luisa Zupin / Sergio Crovella

Life, Vol 12, Iss 55, p

2022 Volume 55

Abstract	Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is wide-spread virus that triggers painful and recurrent infections, as herpes labialis, causing blister lesions on the lip. HSV-1 infection can be a lifelong condition starting from childhood due to the latency of the virus hidden in the trigeminal ganglia. Despite the use of antiviral treatments, there is not a resolutive cure for herpes. In our study, we tested blue light against HSV-1 in a neuronal cellular model, aimed at mimicking the neuronal tropism of HSV-1. Two laser protocols employing continuous wave and pulse modalities were delivered to infected cell cultures and to the virus alone. A significant reduction of viral replication was observed when the beam was directly applied to the virus, along with an increase in cell survival. Our findings, considering the limitation of the still-unknown mechanisms by which the blue light acts on the virus, suggested a potential use of photobiomodulation therapy for clinical applications against herpes labialis in pediatric patients.
Keywords	photobiomodulation therapy ; HSV-1 ; blue wavelength ; Science ; Q
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Human Defensins from Antivirals to Vaccine Adjuvants: Rediscovery of the Innate Immunity Arsenal.

Zupin, Luisa / Crovella, Sergio

Protein and peptide letters

2021 Volume 29, Issue 2, Page(s) 121–124

Abstract: Human defensins are a class of antimicrobial peptides, belonging to the innate immunity system. These peptides are expressed at the level of respiratory tract (both upper and lower) where they represent the first line of defense against pathogens; they ... ...

Abstract	Human defensins are a class of antimicrobial peptides, belonging to the innate immunity system. These peptides are expressed at the level of respiratory tract (both upper and lower) where they represent the first line of defense against pathogens; they are also known for their activity against different viruses, acting through diverse mechanisms, including direct binding to the virus, inhibition of viral replication, and aggregation of virions. It has been recently reported they are also effective against SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, they influence the immune response stimulating it in the challenge against microorganisms. An intriguingly potential application of defensin is related to their use as vaccine adjuvants; indeed, some in silico studies suggested their efficacy in boosting the immune response. Since the long-term persistence of acquired immunity against SARS-CoV-2 triggered by the currently employed vaccines is not known, natural agents with enhancing effects, such as defensins, administered with the vaccine, can be an interesting and attractive alternative.
MeSH term(s)	Adjuvants, Vaccine ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; COVID-19 ; Defensins/pharmacology ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Viruses
Chemical Substances	Adjuvants, Vaccine ; Antiviral Agents ; Defensins
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-22
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1280776-x
ISSN	1875-5305 ; 0929-8665
ISSN (online)	1875-5305
ISSN	0929-8665
DOI	10.2174/0929866528666211125110058
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Article ; Online: The mitochondrial-related effect of the 905 nm photobiomodulation therapy on 50B11 sensory neurons.

Zupin, Luisa / Crovella, Sergio / Milena, Cadenaro / Barbi, Egidio / Celsi, Fulvio

Journal of biophotonics

2023 Volume 16, Issue 9, Page(s) e202300130

Abstract: Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is known as a complementary tool to alleviate pain sensation in patients, nevertheless, there is still a gap of knowledge on its mechanism of action, thus limiting its clinical employment. In this study, a possible ... ...

Abstract	Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is known as a complementary tool to alleviate pain sensation in patients, nevertheless, there is still a gap of knowledge on its mechanism of action, thus limiting its clinical employment. In this study, a possible molecular mechanism of the 905 nm PBMT (0.25 W/cm
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Low-Level Light Therapy/methods ; Sensory Receptor Cells ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Mitochondria ; Light
Chemical Substances	Reactive Oxygen Species
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-16
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2390063-5
ISSN	1864-0648 ; 1864-063X
ISSN (online)	1864-0648
ISSN	1864-063X
DOI	10.1002/jbio.202300130
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Article: Nanomedicine as a Potential Tool against Monkeypox.

Mohamed, Nura Adam / Zupin, Luisa / Mazi, Sarah Ismail / Al-Khatib, Hebah A / Crovella, Sergio

Vaccines

2023 Volume 11, Issue 2

Abstract: Human monkeypox is a rare viral zoonosis that was first identified in 1970; since then, this infectious disease has been marked as endemic in central and western Africa. The disease has always been considered rare and self-limiting; however, recent ... ...

Abstract	Human monkeypox is a rare viral zoonosis that was first identified in 1970; since then, this infectious disease has been marked as endemic in central and western Africa. The disease has always been considered rare and self-limiting; however, recent worldwide reports of several cases suggest otherwise. Especially with monkeypox being recognized as the most important orthopoxvirus infection in humans in the smallpox post-eradication era, its spread across the globe marks a new epidemic. Currently, there is no proven treatment for human monkeypox, and questions about the necessity of developing a vaccine persist. Notably, if we are to take lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic, developing a nanomedicine-based preventative strategy might be prudent, particularly with the rapid growth of the use of nanotechnology and nanomaterials in medical research. Unfortunately, the collected data in this area is limited, dispersed, and often incomplete. Therefore, this review aims to trace all reported nanomedicine approaches made in the monkeypox area and to suggest possible directions that could be further investigated to develop a counteractive strategy against emerging and existing viruses that could diminish this epidemic and prevent it from becoming a potential pandemic, especially with the world still recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2703319-3
ISSN	2076-393X
ISSN	2076-393X
DOI	10.3390/vaccines11020428
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Article ; Online: Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) Methylation and Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review.

Celsi, Fulvio / Peri, Francesca / Cavasin, Julia / Zupin, Luisa / Cozzi, Giorgio / Barbi, Egidio / Crovella, Sergio

Genes

2023 Volume 14, Issue 2

Abstract: Background and objective: Chronic pain represents a major global health issue in terms of psycho-physiological, therapeutic, and economic burden, not limited to adults but also to the pediatric age. Despite its great impact, its molecular mechanisms ... ...

Abstract	Background and objective: Chronic pain represents a major global health issue in terms of psycho-physiological, therapeutic, and economic burden, not limited to adults but also to the pediatric age. Despite its great impact, its molecular mechanisms have still not been completely unraveled. Focusing on the impact of epigenetics in the pain complex trait, we assessed the association between chronic pain and the methylation pattern of TRPA1, a key gene related to pain sensitivity. Methods: We conducted a systematic review retrieving articles from three different databases. After deduplication, 431 items were subjected to manual screening, and then 61 articles were selected and screened again. Of these, only six were maintained for meta-analysis and analyzed using specific R packages. Results: Six articles were divided into two groups (group 1: comparison of mean methylation levels between healthy subjects and patients with chronic pain; group 2: correlation between mean methylation levels and pain sensation). A non-significant mean difference was obtained from the analysis of group 1 with a value of 3.97 (95% C.I. -7.79; 15.73). Analysis of group 2 showed a high level of variability between studies (correlation = 0.35, 95% C.I. -0.12; 0.82) due to their heterogeneity (I Conclusions: Despite the high variability observed in the different studies analyzed, our results suggest that hypermethylation and increased pain sensitivity could be connected, possibly due to the variation of TRPA1 expression.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Ankyrins/genetics ; Chronic Pain/genetics ; DNA Methylation ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; TRPA1 Cation Channel/genetics
Chemical Substances	Ankyrins ; TRPA1 Cation Channel ; TRPA1 protein, human
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Systematic Review ; Meta-Analysis ; Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2527218-4
ISSN	2073-4425 ; 2073-4425
ISSN (online)	2073-4425
ISSN	2073-4425
DOI	10.3390/genes14020411
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Article ; Online: Unraveling the Role of Sex Hormones on Keratinocyte Functions in Human Inflammatory Skin Diseases.

Gratton, Rossella / Del Vecchio, Cecilia / Zupin, Luisa / Crovella, Sergio

International journal of molecular sciences

2022 Volume 23, Issue 6

Abstract: The skin exerts several fundamental functions that are the first physical, chemical and immune barriers to the human body. Keratinocytes, the main cell type of the epidermis, provide mechanical defense, support skin integrity and actively endorse ... ...

Abstract	The skin exerts several fundamental functions that are the first physical, chemical and immune barriers to the human body. Keratinocytes, the main cell type of the epidermis, provide mechanical defense, support skin integrity and actively endorse cutaneous immune responses. Not surprisingly, considering these crucial activities, alterations in keratinocyte functions are associated with different inflammatory skin diseases. Recent findings indicate that the skin should not only be regarded as a target for hormones but that it should also be considered as an endocrine peripheral organ that is directly involved in the synthesis and metabolism of these chemical messengers. Sex hormones have multiple effects on the skin, attributed to the binding with intracellular receptors expressed by different skin cell populations, including keratinocytes, that activate downstream signaling routes that modulate specific cellular functions and activities. This review is aimed at reorganizing the current knowledge on the role exerted by sex hormones on keratinocyte function in five different inflammatory skin diseases: Hidradenitis suppurativa; Acne vulgaris; Atopic dermatitis; progesterone hypersensitivity; psoriasis. The results of our work aim to provide a deeper insight into common cellular mechanisms and molecular effectors that might constitute putative targets to address for the development of specific therapeutic interventions.
MeSH term(s)	Dermatitis, Atopic/metabolism ; Epidermis/metabolism ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones/metabolism ; Humans ; Keratinocytes/metabolism ; Psoriasis/metabolism ; Skin/metabolism ; Skin Diseases/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Gonadal Steroid Hormones
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms23063132
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Article ; Online: Comparison between nucleic acid amplification tests, antigen immunofluorescence assay, and in vitro infectivity in SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis.

Zupin, Luisa / Fontana, Francesco / Clemente, Libera / Ruscio, Maurizio / Crovella, Sergio

Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology

2022 Volume 53, Issue 3, Page(s) 1271–1277

Abstract: The number of SARS-CoV-2 detection tests requested to the laboratories has dramatically increased together with an urgent need to release reliable responses in a very short time. The two options taken into consideration and analyzed in the current study ... ...

Abstract	The number of SARS-CoV-2 detection tests requested to the laboratories has dramatically increased together with an urgent need to release reliable responses in a very short time. The two options taken into consideration and analyzed in the current study were the point-of-care test (POCT) based on the nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) and the Antigen (Ag) rapid test. The POCT-NAAT-based assay was compared with a rapid antigen test of nasopharyngeal swab samples. If the specimen tested positive, it was followed by viral load quantification and by the functional assessment of the residual infectivity. When the initial cycle threshold (Ct) was below 20 (100%), and in the range of 20-25 (92%) and of 25-30 (88%), a great concordance between the POCT-NAAT and the Ag test was observed. Moreover, the positivity of the antigen test was well correlated to a successful infection in vitro (78%), with greater concordance when the initial Ct below 20 or above 35 (100%) and in the range 20-25 (83%). Our findings showed that most of the swabs which tested positive using the antigen test were able to infect the cells in vitro, suggesting that probably only these samples hold residual infectivity and therefore an increased risk of virus transmission at the moment of being tested.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19 Testing ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Sensitivity and Specificity
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-21
Publishing country	Brazil
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2017175-4
ISSN	1678-4405 ; 1517-8382
ISSN (online)	1678-4405
ISSN	1517-8382
DOI	10.1007/s42770-022-00758-6
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Article ; Online: Is

Zupin, Luisa / Pascolo, Lorella / Crovella, Sergio

Journal of clinical pathology

2020 Volume 74, Issue 4, Page(s) 209–211

MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/virology ; Furin/genetics ; Furin/metabolism ; Genotype ; Humans ; Isoenzymes ; Organ Specificity ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; Saliva/virology ; Salivary Glands/virology ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Isoenzymes ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 ; FURIN protein, human (EC 3.4.21.75) ; Furin (EC 3.4.21.75)
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80261-x
ISSN	1472-4146 ; 0021-9746
ISSN (online)	1472-4146
ISSN	0021-9746
DOI	10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206788
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