LIVIVO - The Search Portal for Life Sciences

zur deutschen Oberfläche wechseln
Advanced search

Search results

Result 1 - 10 of total 35

Search options

  1. Article ; Online: Human cold adaptation: An unfinished agenda v2.0.

    Ocobock, Cara

    American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council

    2023  Volume 36, Issue 3, Page(s) e23937

    Abstract: Background: Research on human extreme cold climate adaptations has benefitted from a recent resurgence since Ted Steegmann laid out his Human Cold Adaptation Agenda in 2007. Human biologists have drastically expanded our knowledge in this area during ... ...

    Abstract Background: Research on human extreme cold climate adaptations has benefitted from a recent resurgence since Ted Steegmann laid out his Human Cold Adaptation Agenda in 2007. Human biologists have drastically expanded our knowledge in this area during the last 15 years, but we still have a great deal more work to do to fulfill the cold climate adaptation agenda.
    Methods: Here, I follow Steegmann's example by providing a review of cold climate adaptations and setting forth a new, expanded agenda.
    Results: I review the foundational work on cold climate adaptations including classic Bergmann, Allen, and Thomson rules as well as early work assessing metabolic differences among Indigenous cold climate populations. From there, I discuss some of the groundbreaking work currently taking place on cold climate adaptations such as brown adipose tissue (a heat generating organ), physical activity levels, metabolic rates, and behavioral/cultural mechanisms. Finally, I present a path forward for future research with a focus on some of the basic extreme cold adaptations as well as how human biologists should approach the effects of climate change on human health and well-being, particularly within a cold climate context.
    Conclusion: The Arctic has felt the dramatic effects of climate change sooner and more acutely than other parts of the world, making it an ideal location for studying both cold climate adaptations and climate change resilience. Human biologists have a great deal to contribute to the conversation on not only adaptations to extreme cold, but also the ways in which climate change is being embodied by cold climate populations.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Hot Temperature ; Arctic Regions ; Cold Temperature
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1025339-7
    ISSN 1520-6300 ; 1042-0533
    ISSN (online) 1520-6300
    ISSN 1042-0533
    DOI 10.1002/ajhb.23937
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2567: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  2. Article ; Online: The effect of in-field measurement protocol on resting metabolic rate results.

    Ocobock, Cara

    American journal of physical anthropology

    2019  Volume 169, Issue 1, Page(s) 199–201

    MeSH term(s) Basal Metabolism
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-03-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 219376-0
    ISSN 1096-8644 ; 0002-9483
    ISSN (online) 1096-8644
    ISSN 0002-9483
    DOI 10.1002/ajpa.23812
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    Full text online

    More links

    Kategorien

    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Ub I Zs.86: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  3. Article: Commentary-fat but fit…and cold? Potential evolutionary and environmental drivers of metabolically healthy obesity.

    Ocobock, Cara / Niclou, Alexandra

    Evolution, medicine, and public health

    2022  Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 400–408

    Abstract: As global obesity rates continue to rise, it is important to understand the origin, role and range of human variation of body mass index (BMI) in assessing health and healthcare. A growing body of evidence suggests that BMI is a poor indicator of health ... ...

    Abstract As global obesity rates continue to rise, it is important to understand the origin, role and range of human variation of body mass index (BMI) in assessing health and healthcare. A growing body of evidence suggests that BMI is a poor indicator of health across populations, and that there may be a metabolically healthy obese phenotype. Here, we review the reasons why BMI is an inadequate tool for assessing cardiometabolic health. We then suggest that cold climate adaptations may also render BMI an uninformative metric. Underlying evolutionary and environmental drivers may allow for heat conserving larger body sizes without necessarily increasing metabolic health risks. However, there may also be a potential mismatch between modern obesogenic environments and adaptations to cold climates, highlighting the need to further investigate the potential for metabolically healthy obese phenotypes among circumpolar and other populations as well as the broader meaning for metabolic health.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2684837-5
    ISSN 2050-6201
    ISSN 2050-6201
    DOI 10.1093/emph/eoac030
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  4. Article: "I feel terrible and need to exercise to find any sort of joy": What COVID stay-at-home orders tell us about exercise as vitality politics and entertainment in the United States.

    Hejtmanek, Katie Rose / Ocobock, Cara

    Ethos (Berkeley, Calif.)

    2022  

    Abstract: During COVID-19 stay-at-home orders (SaHOs), people faced drastic shifts in their work and home lives. These shifts, in combination with the temporary closure of gyms and fitness centers, led to exercise-routine disruption. We conducted a survey to ... ...

    Abstract During COVID-19 stay-at-home orders (SaHOs), people faced drastic shifts in their work and home lives. These shifts, in combination with the temporary closure of gyms and fitness centers, led to exercise-routine disruption. We conducted a survey to assess how people were affected by SaHOs in terms of exercise-routine change, feelings about exercise, perceived physical and mental health, as well as exercise-routine plans once SaHOs were lifted. In this article, we examine why affluent white American women exercised before and during COVID-19 SaHOs. The article focuses on the role of pleasure and entertainment as key components of exercise practices for these women. We found that changes in motivation reveal that exercise regimens are part of contemporary vitality politics, or current cultural and subjective desires and abilities to manipulate and optimize biological human processes, that include both health and entertainment. Therefore, we argue that exercise is a meaningful cultural, entertainment, and biopolitical activity.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2097742-6
    ISSN 1548-1352 ; 0091-2131
    ISSN (online) 1548-1352
    ISSN 0091-2131
    DOI 10.1111/etho.12373
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  5. Article ; Online: To the extreme! How biological anthropology can inform exercise physiology in extreme environments.

    Niclou, Alexandra / Sarma, Mallika / Levy, Stephanie / Ocobock, Cara

    Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology

    2023  Volume 284, Page(s) 111476

    Abstract: The fields of biological anthropology and exercise physiology are closely related and can provide mutually beneficial insights into human performance. These fields often use similar methods and are both interested in how humans function, perform, and ... ...

    Abstract The fields of biological anthropology and exercise physiology are closely related and can provide mutually beneficial insights into human performance. These fields often use similar methods and are both interested in how humans function, perform, and respond in extreme environments. However, these two fields have different perspectives, ask different questions, and work within different theoretical frameworks and timescales. Biological anthropologists and exercise physiologists can greatly benefit from working together when examining human adaptation, acclimatization, and athletic performance in the extremes of heat, cold, and high-altitude. Here we review the adaptations and acclimatizations in these three different extreme environments. We then examine how this work has informed and built upon exercise physiology research on human performance. Finally, we present an agenda for moving forward, hopefully, with these two fields working more closely together to produce innovative research that improves our holistic understanding of human performance capacities informed by evolutionary theory, modern human acclimatization, and the desire to produce immediate and direct benefits.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Acclimatization/physiology ; Adaptation, Physiological ; Altitude ; Anthropology ; Extreme Environments
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 121246-1
    ISSN 1531-4332 ; 0300-9629 ; 1095-6433
    ISSN (online) 1531-4332
    ISSN 0300-9629 ; 1095-6433
    DOI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111476
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 44/A: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  6. Article ; Online: Weather permitting: Increased seasonal efficiency of nonshivering thermogenesis through brown adipose tissue activation in the winter.

    Niclou, Alexandra / Ocobock, Cara

    American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council

    2021  Volume 34, Issue 6, Page(s) e23716

    Abstract: Objectives: We investigated seasonal changes in brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation and metabolism in a temperate-climate Albany, NY population.: Methods: Data were collected among 58 participants (21 males, 37 females, ages: 18-51) in the summer ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: We investigated seasonal changes in brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation and metabolism in a temperate-climate Albany, NY population.
    Methods: Data were collected among 58 participants (21 males, 37 females, ages: 18-51) in the summer and 59 participants (23 males, 36 females, ages: 18-63) in the winter in Albany, New York. BAT activity was inferred by comparing metabolic rate, heat dissipation in the supraclavicular area, and respiratory quotient at room temperature and cold exposure. Seasonal variation in BAT was determined by comparing these measurements from summer and winter.
    Results: At mild cold exposure, heat dissipation of the supraclavicular area was significantly greater in the winter compared to summer (p < .001); however, no significant differences were found between seasons in metabolic rate measurements. This suggests BAT activation may be metabolically more efficient in the winter, due to prolonged lower seasonal temperatures relative to summer. Respiratory quotient significantly increased upon mild cold exposure in the winter compared to summer (p < .001). While carbohydrate utilization increased in the winter, fat remained the primary metabolic substrate for BAT activity across both seasons.
    Conclusion: The seasonal variations in the effects of nonshivering thermogenesis on metabolic rate and substrate metabolism suggest a buffering of energy expenditure and an increased use of glucose as fuel by BAT as a result of acclimatization to cold in the winter. These findings point towards a potential role of BAT in human whole-body mediated glucose disposal and cold adaptation.
    MeSH term(s) Adipose Tissue, Brown/physiology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Cold Temperature ; Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Glucose/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Seasons ; Thermogenesis/physiology ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1025339-7
    ISSN 1520-6300 ; 1042-0533
    ISSN (online) 1520-6300
    ISSN 1042-0533
    DOI 10.1002/ajhb.23716
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2567: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  7. Article ; Online: The allocation and interaction model: A new model for predicting total energy expenditure of highly active humans in natural environments.

    Ocobock, Cara

    American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council

    2016  Volume 28, Issue 3, Page(s) 372–380

    Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a new model, the Allocation and Interaction Model (AIM), to better predict human total energy expenditure (TEE) among a group of highly active humans living in a variety of natural environments. AIM ... ...

    Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a new model, the Allocation and Interaction Model (AIM), to better predict human total energy expenditure (TEE) among a group of highly active humans living in a variety of natural environments. AIM estimates were tested to determine if it produces more accurate TEE predictions than the Factorial Method.
    Methods: AIM includes metabolic cost terms for basal metabolic rate, thermoregulation, and the thermic effect of food, as well as more accurate activity cost estimations. AIM was tested using doubly labeled water and Flex-Heart Rate (Flex-HR)-measured TEEs of healthy, highly active adults (N = 59) participating in National Outdoor Leadership School semester-long courses. Data from a month-long pilot study (N = 6) were also included.
    Results: AIM produced TEE estimates that were not significantly different from measured energy expenditure values. Overall, AIM came within 4.1% of measured values; the Factorial Method underestimated by over 25%. At TEEs greater than 3,000 kcal day(-1) , AIM underestimated TEE by 11% compared to 31.6% by the Factorial Method. Also, at TEEs greater than 3,000 kcal day(-1) , the Flex-HR method overestimated TEE by 17%.
    Conclusions: This analysis demonstrated that AIM is more accurate than the Factorial Method for predicting TEE across a range of climates and physical activity levels. This suggests that AIM should be used in place of the Factorial Method for estimating human TEE. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:372-380, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1025339-7
    ISSN 1520-6300 ; 1042-0533
    ISSN (online) 1520-6300
    ISSN 1042-0533
    DOI 10.1002/ajhb.22797
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2567: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  8. Article ; Online: Human energy expenditure, allocation, and interactions in natural temperate, hot, and cold environments.

    Ocobock, Cara

    American journal of physical anthropology

    2016  Volume 161, Issue 4, Page(s) 667–675

    Abstract: Objective: The aim of this research is to analyze how energy is allocated differently in temperate, hot, and cold environments among National Outdoor Leadership School students.: Method: Basal metabolic rate, physical activity, thermoregulation, and ... ...

    Abstract Objective: The aim of this research is to analyze how energy is allocated differently in temperate, hot, and cold environments among National Outdoor Leadership School students.
    Method: Basal metabolic rate, physical activity, thermoregulation, and the thermic effect of food were estimated to determine the total energy expenditure and energy allocation differences among a group of healthy, highly active adults (N = 59) participating in National Outdoor Leadership School courses in the western United States. Two of these courses took place in both hot and temperate climates (N = 22) and the other two in both temperate and cold climates (N = 28). Data from a pilot study (N = 6) in a temperate climate were also included. Each climate regime lasted for one month.
    Results: Total energy expenditure values were statistically equivalent in temperate and hot climates (p = .97). However, subjects experienced significantly higher total energy expenditures in cold climates (p < .0001), expending an additional ∼1550 kcal day
    Conclusions: Dissection of the energy budget revealed that total energy expenditure is significantly higher in cold climates. This is due to a combination of high levels of physical activity and high thermoregulatory costs. High levels of physical activity may substantially lower the cost of thermoregulation in cold climates, and this interaction should be taken into account when estimating TEE.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Basal Metabolism ; Body Temperature Regulation ; Climate ; Energy Metabolism/physiology ; Exercise/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; United States ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 219376-0
    ISSN 1096-8644 ; 0002-9483
    ISSN (online) 1096-8644
    ISSN 0002-9483
    DOI 10.1002/ajpa.23071
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    Full text online

    More links

    Kategorien

    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Ub I Zs.86: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  9. Article ; Online: Human biology is a matter of life or death: Effective science communication for COVID-19 research.

    Ocobock, Cara / Lynn, Christopher D

    American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council

    2020  Volume 32, Issue 5, Page(s) e23472

    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus ; Biology/methods ; Biomedical Research/methods ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Periodicals as Topic ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1025339-7
    ISSN 1520-6300 ; 1042-0533
    ISSN (online) 1520-6300
    ISSN 1042-0533
    DOI 10.1002/ajhb.23472
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2567: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  10. Article ; Online: The impact of winter warming and more frequent icing events on reindeer herder occupational safety, health, and wellbeing.

    Ocobock, Cara / Turunen, Minna / Soppela, Päivi / Rasmus, Sirpa

    American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council

    2022  Volume 35, Issue 1, Page(s) e23790

    Abstract: Background: Northern Finland, like the rest of the Arctic, has experienced increases in mean annual temperature, the number of winter rains, the number of thaw-freeze days, the number of extremely warm weather events, and a shortened snow season. These ... ...

    Abstract Background: Northern Finland, like the rest of the Arctic, has experienced increases in mean annual temperature, the number of winter rains, the number of thaw-freeze days, the number of extremely warm weather events, and a shortened snow season. These changes have produced numerous problems for reindeer herders whose livelihoods rely on a healthy ecosystem with predictable weather patterns.
    Methods: We performed a scoping literature review to assess how climate change induced extreme weather has negatively impacted reindeer herding as well as the health and wellbeing of reindeer herders.
    Results: Late snow cover negatively impacts reindeer herding through a more widely dispersed herd that increases the work to gather reindeer, leads to reduced calf weight, and results in less meat for sale. This increased labor, especially in extreme cold conditions, can also negatively impact reindeer herder health. Icing due to thaw-freeze and rain-on-snow events makes it impossible for reindeer to dig through the snow to access lichens, increasing the need for reindeer herders to keep the herd in winter enclosures and provide supplemental feed.
    Conclusion: Climate change induced weather events such as late snow cover and icing increase reindeer herder efforts and expenses, put their livelihood at risk, and put their health at risk.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Ecosystem ; Reindeer ; Seasons ; Occupational Health ; Rain
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1025339-7
    ISSN 1520-6300 ; 1042-0533
    ISSN (online) 1520-6300
    ISSN 1042-0533
    DOI 10.1002/ajhb.23790
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2567: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

To top