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Article: An Opportunistic Pathogen Afforded Ample Opportunities: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus

Mackay, Ian M. / Arden, Katherine

Viruses, 9(12):369

2017

Abstract: The human coronaviruses (CoV) include HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-HKU1, some of which have been known for decades. The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) CoV briefly emerged into the human population but was controlled. In 2012, ... ...

Abstract	The human coronaviruses (CoV) include HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-HKU1, some of which have been known for decades. The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) CoV briefly emerged into the human population but was controlled. In 2012, another novel severely human pathogenic CoV—the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)-CoV—was identified in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 80% of over 2000 human cases have been recorded over five years. Targeted research remains key to developing control strategies for MERS-CoV, a cause of mild illness in its camel reservoir. A new therapeutic toolbox being developed in response to MERS is also teaching us more about how CoVs cause disease. Travel-related cases continue to challenge the world’s surveillance and response capabilities, and more data are needed to understand unexplained primary transmission. Signs of genetic change have been recorded, but it remains unclear whether there is any impact on clinical disease. How camels came to carry the virus remains academic to the control of MERS. To date, human-to-human transmission has been inefficient, but virus surveillance, characterisation, and reporting are key to responding to any future change. MERS-CoV is not currently a pandemic threat; it is spread mainly with the aid of human habit and error.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; emerging virus ; infection ; MERS ; Middle East respiratory syndrome ; comorbidity ; coronavirus ; camel ; zoonosis
Language	English
Document type	Article
Database	Repository for Life Sciences

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Book: Real time PCR in microbiology

Mackay, Ian M.

from diagnosis to characterization

2007

Title variant	Real-time PCR in microbiology
Author's details	Ian M. Mackay [ed.]
Keywords	Mikrobiologie ; Polymerase-Kettenreaktion ; Echtzeitverarbeitung
Subject	Echtzeitbetrieb ; Echtzeitdatenverarbeitung ; Realzeitverarbeitung ; Realzeitverfahren ; Real time processing ; Realzeitbetrieb ; Echtzeitverfahren ; PCR ; Polymerase chain reaction
Language	English
Size	X, 454 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
Publisher	Caister Acad. Press
Publishing place	Norfolk
Publishing country	Great Britain
Document type	Book
HBZ-ID	HT015016643
ISBN	978-1-904455-18-9 ; 1-904455-18-2
Database	Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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Shelf mark	Loan status	Location
2007 A 4089	order for loan	Magazin

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Article ; Online: Pharmacokinetic model of human exposure to ciprofloxacin through consumption of fish.

Kum, Oguz Kaan / Chan, Karen M / Morningstar-Kywi, Noam / MacKay, J Andrew / Haworth, Ian S

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

2023 Volume 106, Page(s) 104359

Abstract: Fluoroquinolones are broad-spectrum antibiotics that accumulate in the environment. To assess human exposure through the food chain, we developed a pharmacokinetic model of fluoroquinolone accumulation in fish and a human pharmacokinetic model to predict ...

Abstract	Fluoroquinolones are broad-spectrum antibiotics that accumulate in the environment. To assess human exposure through the food chain, we developed a pharmacokinetic model of fluoroquinolone accumulation in fish and a human pharmacokinetic model to predict gastrointestinal concentrations of ciprofloxacin, a common fluoroquinolone, following consumption of fish. At 70 ng/L ciprofloxacin, the average in North American surface waters, the fish steady-state concentration was calculated to be 7.5 × 10
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Ciprofloxacin ; Escherichia coli ; Fluoroquinolones/toxicity ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/toxicity ; Dysbiosis ; Fishes
Chemical Substances	Ciprofloxacin (5E8K9I0O4U) ; Fluoroquinolones ; Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-30
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1318302-3
ISSN	1872-7077 ; 1382-6689
ISSN (online)	1872-7077
ISSN	1382-6689
DOI	10.1016/j.etap.2023.104359
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Zs.A 4490: Show issues

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Audio / Video ; Online: The Swiss Cheese Respiratory Virus Defence

Ian M. Mackay (490154)

2020

Abstract: An infographic I made to help clarify that in order to best limit personal risk and community risk from being infected by, or passing on, SARS-CoV-2, we need to think of using a range of risk reduction measures. Each have their own failings and these can ...

Abstract	An infographic I made to help clarify that in order to best limit personal risk and community risk from being infected by, or passing on, SARS-CoV-2, we need to think of using a range of risk reduction measures. Each have their own failings and these can be affected by circumstances so layering them up helps avoid any single measure's (layer) problems (holes). Or you could just physically distance by living on island, by yourself, forever! (I reckon we'll run out of islands). So instead, think about this layered approach originally outlined in 1990 by Prof James Reason. Derived from Prof James Reason's analyses (e.g. https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstb.1990.0090) NOTES: 1.use the .svg for editing but the font (Reprise Script) is not embedded; use the .png if you want the exact same look 2. Thanks to many people for a range translations
Keywords	Diseases ; respiratory viruses ; transmission ; Swiss cheese model ; covid19
Publishing date	2020-10-13T03:18:00Z
Publishing country	us
Document type	Audio / Video ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Traumatic Peroneal Nerve Injuries: A Systematic Review.

Mackay, Matthew J / Ayres, Jack M / Harmon, Ian P / Tarakemeh, Armin / Brubacher, Jacob / Vopat, Bryan G

JBJS reviews

2022 Volume 10, Issue 1

Abstract: Background: The common peroneal nerve (CPN) is the most commonly injured peripheral nerve of the lower extremity in patients with trauma. Traumatic CPN injuries have historically been associated with relatively poor outcomes and patient satisfaction, ... ...

Abstract	Background: The common peroneal nerve (CPN) is the most commonly injured peripheral nerve of the lower extremity in patients with trauma. Traumatic CPN injuries have historically been associated with relatively poor outcomes and patient satisfaction, although improved surgical technique and novel procedures appear to improve outcomes. Given the variety of underlying injury modalities, treatment options, and prognostic variables, we sought to evaluate and summarize the current literature on traumatic CPN injuries and to provide recommendations from an analysis of the included studies for treatment and future research. Methods: A systematic review was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Search terms consisted of variations of "peroneal nerve" or "fibular nerve" combined with "injury," "laceration," "entrapment," "repair," or "neurolysis." Information with regard to treatment modality, outcomes, and patient demographic characteristics was recorded and analyzed. Results: The initial search yielded 2,301 articles; 42 met eligibility criteria. Factors associated with better outcomes included a shorter preoperative interval, shorter graft length when an interposed graft was used, nerve continuity, and younger patient age. Gender or sex was not mentioned as a factor affecting outcomes in any study. Motor grades of ≥M3 on the British Medical Research Council (MRC) scale are typically considered successful outcomes. This was achieved in 81.4% of patients who underwent neurolysis, 78.8% of patients who underwent end-to-end suturing, 49.0% of patients who underwent nerve grafting, 62.9% of patients who underwent nerve transfer, 81.5% of patients who underwent isolated posterior tibial tendon transfer (PTTT), and 84.2% of patients who underwent a surgical procedure with concurrent PTTT. Conclusions: Studies included in this review were heterogenous, complicating our ability to perform further analysis. It is not possible to uniformly advocate for the best treatment option, given diverse injury modalities and patient presentations and a variety of prognostic factors. Many studies do not show outcomes with respect to injury modality. Future studies should show preoperative muscle strengths and should clearly define outcomes based on the injury modality and surgical treatment option. This would allow for greater analysis of the most appropriate treatment option for a given mechanism of injury. Newer surgical techniques are promising and should be further explored. Level of evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Nerve Transfer ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries ; Peroneal Nerve/injuries ; Peroneal Nerve/surgery ; Peroneal Neuropathies/etiology ; Peroneal Neuropathies/surgery ; Tendon Transfer
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Systematic Review
ISSN	2329-9185
ISSN (online)	2329-9185
DOI	e20.00256
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Designing profitable and climate-smart farms using virtual reality.

Lasseur, Remy / Laurenson, Seth / Ali, Mohsin / Loh, Ian / Mackay, Mike

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 6, Page(s) e0286723

Abstract: Many pastoral farmers are searching for ways to lower the carbon emission footprint that is generated by livestock. Planting trees on the farm is currently a popular option for farmers to offset their emissions yet requires knowledge of suitable tree ... ...

Abstract	Many pastoral farmers are searching for ways to lower the carbon emission footprint that is generated by livestock. Planting trees on the farm is currently a popular option for farmers to offset their emissions yet requires knowledge of suitable tree species and locations to plant them. This paper describes a decision-support tool aimed at helping farmers to create and visualise different planting designs while balancing the objectives of sequestering carbon and maintaining farm profitability. We take an innovative approach by combining virtual reality technology with biophysical models to create an environment where the user can actively create virtual future farm scenarios. Through the creation process, the user can simultaneously balance multiple objectives including farm aesthetics, economic returns, business and environmental ambitions, and carbon emissions (net) balance. For this proof-of-concept study, we incorporate virtual reality technology in Unreal Engine, environmental and financial data, and high-resolution spatial layers from an operational 400-hectare livestock farm in New Zealand.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Farms ; Dairying ; Farmers ; Livestock ; Virtual Reality ; Carbon
Chemical Substances	Carbon (7440-44-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0286723
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Article ; Online: An Opportunistic Pathogen Afforded Ample Opportunities: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.

Mackay, Ian M / Arden, Katherine E

Viruses

2017 Volume 9, Issue 12

Abstract	The human coronaviruses (CoV) include HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-HKU1, some of which have been known for decades. The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) CoV briefly emerged into the human population but was controlled. In 2012, another novel severely human pathogenic CoV-the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)-CoV-was identified in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 80% of over 2000 human cases have been recorded over five years. Targeted research remains key to developing control strategies for MERS-CoV, a cause of mild illness in its camel reservoir. A new therapeutic toolbox being developed in response to MERS is also teaching us more about how CoVs cause disease. Travel-related cases continue to challenge the world's surveillance and response capabilities, and more data are needed to understand unexplained primary transmission. Signs of genetic change have been recorded, but it remains unclear whether there is any impact on clinical disease. How camels came to carry the virus remains academic to the control of MERS. To date, human-to-human transmission has been inefficient, but virus surveillance, characterisation, and reporting are key to responding to any future change. MERS-CoV is not currently a pandemic threat; it is spread mainly with the aid of human habit and error.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Camelus ; Communicable Diseases, Imported/epidemiology ; Communicable Diseases, Imported/virology ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/veterinary ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Disease Reservoirs ; Epidemiological Monitoring ; Humans ; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/pathogenicity ; Saudi Arabia ; Travel ; Zoonoses/epidemiology ; Zoonoses/virology
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2017--02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v9120369
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Measles Vaccine Virus RNA in Children More Than 100 Days after Vaccination.

McMahon, Jamie / Mackay, Ian M / Lambert, Stephen B

Viruses

2019 Volume 11, Issue 7

Abstract: ... polymerase chain reaction (RT-rPCR) assays targeting M and F genes to identify measles virus (MeV) and MeVV ...

Abstract	Measles vaccines have been in use since the 1960s with excellent safety and effectiveness profiles. Limited data are available on detection of measles vaccine virus (MeVV) RNA in human subjects following vaccination. Available evidence suggests MeVV RNA can be identified up to 14 days after vaccination, with detection beyond this rare. In routine diagnostic testing, we used two real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-rPCR) assays targeting M and F genes to identify measles virus (MeV) and MeVV RNA. Confirmatory testing was performed with an N gene RT-rPCR, followed by sequence confirmation of RT-rPCR positives by semi-nested conventional RT-PCR assays targeting portions of the N, H, and L genes. We report detection and confirmation of MeVV RNA from the respiratory tract of 11 children between 100 and 800 days after most recent receipt of measles-containing vaccine. These novel findings emphasize the importance of genotyping all MeV detections and highlight the need for further work to assess whether persistent MeVV RNA represents viable virus and if transmission to close contacts can occur.
MeSH term(s)	Australia ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Measles/prevention & control ; Measles/virology ; Measles Vaccine/administration & dosage ; Measles virus/genetics ; Nose/virology ; Pharynx/virology ; Phosphoproteins/genetics ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; Respiratory System/virology ; Time Factors ; Viral Proteins/genetics
Chemical Substances	Measles Vaccine ; P protein, Sendai virus ; Phosphoproteins ; RNA, Viral ; Viral Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v11070636
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Ebola virus in the semen of convalescent men.

Mackay, Ian M / Arden, Katherine E

The Lancet. Infectious diseases

2015 Volume 15, Issue 2, Page(s) 149–150

MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Convalescence ; Ebolavirus/isolation & purification ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/virology ; Humans ; Male ; RNA, Viral/isolation & purification ; Semen/virology ; Time Factors
Chemical Substances	RNA, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Letter
ZDB-ID	2061641-7
ISSN	1474-4457 ; 1473-3099
ISSN (online)	1474-4457
ISSN	1473-3099
DOI	10.1016/S1473-3099(14)71033-3
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Zs.A 5743: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Mayaro virus: a forest virus primed for a trip to the city?

Mackay, Ian M / Arden, Katherine E

Microbes and infection

2016 Volume 18, Issue 12, Page(s) 724–734

Abstract: Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an emerging arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus). Infection by MAYV can produce Mayaro virus disease (MAYVD) which is usually a clinically diagnosed, acute, febrile illness associated with prolonged and painful joint inflammation and ... ...

Abstract	Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an emerging arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus). Infection by MAYV can produce Mayaro virus disease (MAYVD) which is usually a clinically diagnosed, acute, febrile illness associated with prolonged and painful joint inflammation and swelling. MAYVD may be clinically indistinguishable from dengue, chikungunya fever, malaria, rabies, measles or other arboviral diseases. The full spectrum of disease, sequelae, routes of infection, virus shedding and any rarer means of transmission remain undefined. MAYVD cases in humans have so far been localised to Central and South America, particularly regions in and around the Amazon basin. MAYV usually circulates in a sylvan cycle of forest mosquitoes and vertebrates, however it has also been found in more urban locations alongside anthropophilic (preferring humans) insect vectors. If transmission via anthropophilic mosquitoes becomes more efficient following viral change, or existing vectors change their habitat and biting habits, the risk of urban establishment and further spread into non-forested areas will grow. Surveillance, testing and vector control remain key to monitoring and preventing global spread and establishment. The possibility of MAYV becoming further urbanized is worthy of note, consideration and action to ensure MAYV does not spread beyond the forests and establish in the world's cities.
MeSH term(s)	Alphavirus/pathogenicity ; Alphavirus/physiology ; Alphavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Alphavirus Infections/pathology ; Alphavirus Infections/transmission ; Alphavirus Infections/virology ; Animals ; Central America/epidemiology ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/pathology ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/transmission ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/virology ; Culicidae/virology ; Disease Transmission, Infectious ; Disease Vectors ; Humans ; Insect Vectors ; Mosquito Control ; South America/epidemiology ; Urban Population
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-12
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1465093-9
ISSN	1769-714X ; 1286-4579
ISSN (online)	1769-714X
ISSN	1286-4579
DOI	10.1016/j.micinf.2016.10.007
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Zs.A 5014: Show issues

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