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  1. Article ; Online: Alternative probe hybridization buffers for target RNA depletion and viral sequence recovery in NGS for poultry samples.

    Bakre, Abhijeet / Kariithi, Henry M / Suarez, David L

    Journal of virological methods

    2023  Volume 321, Page(s) 114793

    Abstract: Non-targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) is widely applied to identify the diversity of pathogens in field samples. However, abundance of host RNA (especially rRNA) and other environmental nucleic acids can reduce the abundance of pathogen specific ... ...

    Abstract Non-targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) is widely applied to identify the diversity of pathogens in field samples. However, abundance of host RNA (especially rRNA) and other environmental nucleic acids can reduce the abundance of pathogen specific reads of interest, reduce depth of coverage and increase surveillance costs. We presently deplete chicken- and selected bacterial-specific rRNAs in poultry field RNA samples with complementary DNA probes in a commercially available probe hybridization buffer followed by digestion of the RNA:DNA hybrids with RNase H. Because the current buffer is an expensive special order reagent of proprietary composition, we tested in-house and other commercially available buffers and identified a viable alternative that yields equivalent host rRNA depletion and viral-specific reads in poultry samples as the current special order reagent but at a reduced cost.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; RNA ; Poultry ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Nucleic Acids ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
    Chemical Substances RNA (63231-63-0) ; Nucleic Acids
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-20
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 8013-5
    ISSN 1879-0984 ; 0166-0934
    ISSN (online) 1879-0984
    ISSN 0166-0934
    DOI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114793
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Toll-like Receptor Ligands Enhance Vaccine Efficacy against a Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus Challenge in Chickens.

    Lee, Chang-Won / Bakre, Abhijeet / Olivier, Timothy L / Alvarez-Narvaez, Sonsiray / Harrell, Telvin L / Conrad, Steven J

    Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 10

    Abstract: To enhance the efficacy of the current Newcastle disease vaccine, we have selected potential adjuvants that target well-characterized pattern recognition receptors: the toll-like receptors (TLRs). Imiquimod is a small-molecule activator of TLR7, which is ...

    Abstract To enhance the efficacy of the current Newcastle disease vaccine, we have selected potential adjuvants that target well-characterized pattern recognition receptors: the toll-like receptors (TLRs). Imiquimod is a small-molecule activator of TLR7, which is a sensor of dsDNA. ODN-1826 is a mimetic of CpG DNA and ligates TLR21 (a chicken homologue of TLR9 in mammals). The activation of TLRs leads to antiviral responses, including the induction of type I interferons (IFNs). In this study, birds were vaccinated intranasally with a live LaSota strain with or without imiquimod or ODN-1826 (50 µg/bird). Two weeks after vaccination, the birds were challenged with a virulent Newcastle disease virus (chicken/CA/212676/2002). Both adjuvants (imiquimod or ODN-1826) induced higher and more uniform antibody titers among vaccinated birds compared with the live vaccine-alone group. In addition, adjuvanted vaccines demonstrated greater protective efficacy in terms of the reduction in virus-shedding titer and the number of birds shedding the challenge virus at 2 and 4 days post-challenge. A differential expression of antiviral and immune-related genes was observed among groups from tissues (Harderian gland, trachea, cecal tonsil, and spleen) collected 1 and 3 days after treatment. These results demonstrate the potential of TLR-targeted adjuvants as mucosal vaccine enhancers and warrant a further characterization of immune correlates and optimization for efficacy.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-11
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2695572-6
    ISSN 2076-0817
    ISSN 2076-0817
    DOI 10.3390/pathogens12101230
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Editorial: Understanding the Limitations of Current Influenza Vaccine Strategies and Future Development of More Efficacious Preventative and Therapeutic Interventions.

    Tripp, Ralph A / Bakre, Abhijeet / Stambas, John

    Frontiers in immunology

    2019  Volume 10, Page(s) 2804

    MeSH term(s) Cross Reactions/immunology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology ; Humans ; Immunogenicity, Vaccine ; Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage ; Influenza Vaccines/adverse effects ; Influenza Vaccines/immunology ; Influenza, Human/immunology ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control ; Influenza, Human/virology
    Chemical Substances Influenza Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-11-29
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Editorial ; Introductory Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
    ISSN (online) 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02804
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Roles of Non-coding RNAs in Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection.

    Tripp, Ralph A / Bakre, Abhijeet A

    Current topics in microbiology and immunology

    2017  Volume 419, Page(s) 215–241

    Abstract: Analysis of host gene expression profiles following viral infections of target cells/tissues can reveal crucial insights into the host: virus interaction and enables the development of novel therapeutics and prophylactics. Regions of the host genome that ...

    Abstract Analysis of host gene expression profiles following viral infections of target cells/tissues can reveal crucial insights into the host: virus interaction and enables the development of novel therapeutics and prophylactics. Regions of the host genome that do not code for protein, encode structural, and functional non-coding RNAs that are important not only in regulation of host gene expression but also may impact viral replication. This review summarizes the role of host non-coding RNAs during replication of multiple respiratory viruses with a focus on Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), an important pediatric pathogen. This review highlights the current state of knowledge and understanding regarding the function(s) of ncRNAs for respiratory viral infection and host immunity in general.
    MeSH term(s) Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/genetics ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/immunology ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/virology ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/growth & development ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/immunology ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/pathogenicity ; Virus Replication
    Chemical Substances RNA, Untranslated
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-08-04
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 0070-217X
    ISSN 0070-217X
    DOI 10.1007/82_2017_32
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Small Non-coding RNA Expression Following Respiratory Syncytial Virus or Measles Virus Infection of Neuronal Cells.

    Bakre, Abhijeet A / Duffy, Catherine / Abdullah, Hani'ah / Cosby, S Louise / Tripp, Ralph A

    Frontiers in microbiology

    2021  Volume 12, Page(s) 671852

    Abstract: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or measles virus (MeV) infection modifies host responses through small non-coding RNA (sncRNA) expression. We show that RSV or MeV infection of neuronal cells induces sncRNAs including various microRNAs and transfer RNA ... ...

    Abstract Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or measles virus (MeV) infection modifies host responses through small non-coding RNA (sncRNA) expression. We show that RSV or MeV infection of neuronal cells induces sncRNAs including various microRNAs and transfer RNA fragments (tRFs). We show that these tRFs originate from select tRNAs (GCC and CAC for glycine, CTT and AAC for Valine, and CCC and TTT for Lysine). Some of the tRNAs are rarely used by RSV or MeV as indicated by relative synonymous codon usage indices suggesting selective cleavage of the tRNAs occurs in infected neuronal cells. The data implies that differentially expressed sncRNAs may regulate host gene expression
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-03
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2587354-4
    ISSN 1664-302X
    ISSN 1664-302X
    DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2021.671852
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Toll-like Receptor Ligands Enhance Vaccine Efficacy against a Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus Challenge in Chickens

    Lee, Chang-Won / Bakre, Abhijeet / Olivier, Timothy L. / Alvarez-Narvaez, Sonsiray / Harrell, Telvin L. / Conrad, Steven J.

    Pathogens. 2023 Oct. 11, v. 12, no. 10 p.1230-

    2023  

    Abstract: To enhance the efficacy of the current Newcastle disease vaccine, we have selected potential adjuvants that target well-characterized pattern recognition receptors: the toll-like receptors (TLRs). Imiquimod is a small-molecule activator of TLR7, which is ...

    Abstract To enhance the efficacy of the current Newcastle disease vaccine, we have selected potential adjuvants that target well-characterized pattern recognition receptors: the toll-like receptors (TLRs). Imiquimod is a small-molecule activator of TLR7, which is a sensor of dsDNA. ODN-1826 is a mimetic of CpG DNA and ligates TLR21 (a chicken homologue of TLR9 in mammals). The activation of TLRs leads to antiviral responses, including the induction of type I interferons (IFNs). In this study, birds were vaccinated intranasally with a live LaSota strain with or without imiquimod or ODN-1826 (50 µg/bird). Two weeks after vaccination, the birds were challenged with a virulent Newcastle disease virus (chicken/CA/212676/2002). Both adjuvants (imiquimod or ODN-1826) induced higher and more uniform antibody titers among vaccinated birds compared with the live vaccine-alone group. In addition, adjuvanted vaccines demonstrated greater protective efficacy in terms of the reduction in virus-shedding titer and the number of birds shedding the challenge virus at 2 and 4 days post-challenge. A differential expression of antiviral and immune-related genes was observed among groups from tissues (Harderian gland, trachea, cecal tonsil, and spleen) collected 1 and 3 days after treatment. These results demonstrate the potential of TLR-targeted adjuvants as mucosal vaccine enhancers and warrant a further characterization of immune correlates and optimization for efficacy.
    Keywords Avian orthoavulavirus 1 ; DNA ; Newcastle disease ; Toll-like receptors ; antibodies ; chickens ; gene expression regulation ; ligands ; spleen ; tonsils ; vaccination ; vaccines ; virulence ; viruses
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-1011
    Publishing place MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note Resource is Open Access
    ZDB-ID 2695572-6
    ISSN 2076-0817
    ISSN 2076-0817
    DOI 10.3390/pathogens12101230
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article ; Online: MicroRNA and Nonsense Transcripts as Putative Viral Evasion Mechanisms.

    Bakre, Abhijeet A / Maleki, Ali / Tripp, Ralph A

    Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology

    2019  Volume 9, Page(s) 152

    Abstract: Viral proteins encode numerous antiviral activities to modify the host immunity. In this article, we hypothesize that viral genomes and gene transcripts interfere with host gene expression using passive mechanisms to deregulate host microRNA (miRNA) ... ...

    Abstract Viral proteins encode numerous antiviral activities to modify the host immunity. In this article, we hypothesize that viral genomes and gene transcripts interfere with host gene expression using passive mechanisms to deregulate host microRNA (miRNA) activity. We postulate that various RNA viruses mimic or block binding between a host miRNA and its target transcript, a phenomenon mediated by the miRNA seed site at the 5' end of miRNA. Virus-encoded miRNA seed sponges (vSSs) can potentially bind to host miRNA seed sites and prevent interaction with their native targets thereby relieving native miRNA suppression. In contrast, virus-encoded miRNA seed mimics (vSMs) may mediate considerable downregulation of host miRNA activity. We analyzed genomes from diverse RNA viruses for vSS and vSM signatures and found an abundance of these motifs indicating that this may be a mechanism of deceiving host immunity. Employing respiratory syncytial virus and measles virus as models, we reveal that regions surrounding vSS or vSM motifs have features characteristics of pre-miRNA templates and show that RSV viral transcripts are processed into small RNAs that may behave as vSS or vSM effectors. These data suggest that complex molecular interactions likely occur at the host-virus interface. Identifying the mechanisms in the network of interactions between the host and viral transcripts can help uncover ways to improve vaccine efficacy, therapeutics, and potentially mitigate the adverse events that may be associated with some vaccines.
    MeSH term(s) A549 Cells ; Animals ; Gene Expression ; Genome, Viral ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics ; Humans ; Immune Evasion/genetics ; Immunity ; Mice ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; Porifera/virology ; RNA Viruses/genetics ; Sequence Alignment ; Viral Proteins
    Chemical Substances MicroRNAs ; Viral Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-05-08
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2619676-1
    ISSN 2235-2988 ; 2235-2988
    ISSN (online) 2235-2988
    ISSN 2235-2988
    DOI 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00152
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: MicroRNAs affect GPCR and Ion channel genes needed for influenza replication.

    Orr-Burks, Nichole / Murray, Jackelyn / Todd, Kyle V / Bakre, Abhijeet / Tripp, Ralph A

    The Journal of general virology

    2021  Volume 102, Issue 11

    Abstract: Influenza virus causes seasonal epidemics and sporadic pandemics resulting in morbidity, mortality, and economic losses worldwide. Understanding how to regulate influenza virus replication is important for developing vaccine and therapeutic strategies. ... ...

    Abstract Influenza virus causes seasonal epidemics and sporadic pandemics resulting in morbidity, mortality, and economic losses worldwide. Understanding how to regulate influenza virus replication is important for developing vaccine and therapeutic strategies. Identifying microRNAs (miRs) that affect host genes used by influenza virus for replication can support an antiviral strategy. In this study, G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) and ion channel (IC) host genes in human alveolar epithelial (A549) cells used by influenza virus for replication (Orr-Burks
    MeSH term(s) A549 Cells ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Influenza A virus/genetics ; Influenza A virus/physiology ; Influenza, Human/genetics ; Influenza, Human/metabolism ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control ; Ion Channels/genetics ; Ion Channels/metabolism ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; MicroRNAs/metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism ; Virus Replication
    Chemical Substances Ion Channels ; MicroRNAs ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 219316-4
    ISSN 1465-2099 ; 0022-1317
    ISSN (online) 1465-2099
    ISSN 0022-1317
    DOI 10.1099/jgv.0.001691
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Genome Sequencing and Characterization of an Avian Orthoavulavirus 1 VG/GA-like Isolate with a Unique Fusion Cleavage Site Motif.

    Kariithi, Henry M / Suarez, David L / Davis, James F / Dufour-Zavala, Louise / Olivier, Tim L / Williams-Coplin, Dawn / Bakre, Abhijeet / Lee, Chang-Won

    Avian diseases

    2023  Volume 67, Issue 1, Page(s) 33–41

    Abstract: A complete genome sequence of a VG/GA -like strain of avian orthoavulavirus 1 (AOAV-1) was identified by nontargeted next-generation sequencing of an oropharyngeal swab sample collected from a carcass of a 12-mo-old backyard chicken. The isolate has a ... ...

    Abstract A complete genome sequence of a VG/GA -like strain of avian orthoavulavirus 1 (AOAV-1) was identified by nontargeted next-generation sequencing of an oropharyngeal swab sample collected from a carcass of a 12-mo-old backyard chicken. The isolate has a fusion (F) protein cleavage site motif consistent with a low virulent AOAV-1, but it has a unique motif with phenylalanine at position 117 (
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Chickens ; Poultry Diseases/pathology ; Newcastle disease virus/genetics ; Base Sequence ; Virulence/genetics ; Newcastle Disease ; Phylogeny
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 40871-2
    ISSN 1938-4351 ; 0005-2086
    ISSN (online) 1938-4351
    ISSN 0005-2086
    DOI 10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-00064
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: G-Protein-Coupled Receptor and Ion Channel Genes Used by Influenza Virus for Replication.

    Orr-Burks, Nichole / Murray, Jackelyn / Todd, Kyle V / Bakre, Abhijeet / Tripp, Ralph A

    Journal of virology

    2021  Volume 95, Issue 9

    Abstract: Influenza virus causes epidemics and sporadic pandemics resulting in morbidity, mortality, and economic losses. Influenza viruses require host genes to replicate. RNA interference (RNAi) screens can identify host genes coopted by influenza virus for ... ...

    Abstract Influenza virus causes epidemics and sporadic pandemics resulting in morbidity, mortality, and economic losses. Influenza viruses require host genes to replicate. RNA interference (RNAi) screens can identify host genes coopted by influenza virus for replication. Targeting these proinfluenza genes can provide therapeutic strategies to reduce virus replication. Nineteen proinfluenza G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and 13 proinfluenza ion channel genes were identified in human lung (A549) cells by use of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). These proinfluenza genes were authenticated by testing influenza virus A/WSN/33-, A/CA/04/09-, and B/Yamagata/16/1988-infected A549 cells, resulting in the validation of 16 proinfluenza GPCR and 5 proinfluenza ion channel genes. These findings showed that several GPCR and ion channel genes are needed for the production of infectious influenza virus. These data provide potential targets for the development of host-directed therapeutic strategies to impede the influenza virus productive cycle so as to limit infection.
    MeSH term(s) A549 Cells ; Animals ; Dogs ; Host Microbial Interactions ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/physiology ; Influenza B virus/physiology ; Influenza, Human/virology ; Ion Channels/metabolism ; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism ; Virus Replication
    Chemical Substances Ion Channels ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80174-4
    ISSN 1098-5514 ; 0022-538X
    ISSN (online) 1098-5514
    ISSN 0022-538X
    DOI 10.1128/JVI.02410-20
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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