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Article ; Online: Reconstructing prehistoric demography: What role for extant hunter-gatherers?

Page, Abigail E / French, Jennifer C

2020 Volume 29, Issue 6, Page(s) 332–345

Abstract: Demography is central to biological, behavioral, and cultural evolution. Knowledge of the demography of prehistoric populations of both Homo sapiens and earlier members of the genus Homo is, therefore, key to the study of human evolution. Unfortunately, ... ...

Abstract	Demography is central to biological, behavioral, and cultural evolution. Knowledge of the demography of prehistoric populations of both Homo sapiens and earlier members of the genus Homo is, therefore, key to the study of human evolution. Unfortunately, demographic processes (fertility, mortality, migration) leave little mark on the archeological and paleoanthropological records. One common solution to this issue is the application of demographic data from extant hunter-gatherers to prehistory. With the aim of strengthening this line of enquiry, here we outline some pitfalls and their interpretative implications. In doing so, we provide recommendations about the application of hunter-gatherer data to the study of demographic trends throughout human evolution. We use published demographic data from extant hunter-gatherers to show that it is the diversity seen among extant hunter-gatherers-both intra- and inter-population variability-that is most relevant and useful for understanding past hunter-gatherer demography.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Archaeology ; Biological Evolution ; Cultural Evolution ; Demography/methods ; Demography/standards ; Feeding Behavior ; Fertility ; Hominidae/physiology ; Human Migration ; Humans
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1131718-8
ISSN	1520-6505 ; 1060-1538
ISSN (online)	1520-6505
ISSN	1060-1538
DOI	10.1002/evan.21869
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Article: Wealth, health and inequality in Agta foragers.

Page, Abigail E / Ruiz, Milagros / Dyble, Mark / Major-Smith, Daniel / Migliano, Andrea B / Myers, Sarah

Evolution, medicine, and public health

2023 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 149–162

Abstract: Background and objectives: There is significant evidence from large-scale, industrial and post-industrial societies that greater income and wealth inequality is negatively associated with both population health and increasing health inequalities. ... ...

Abstract	Background and objectives: There is significant evidence from large-scale, industrial and post-industrial societies that greater income and wealth inequality is negatively associated with both population health and increasing health inequalities. However, whether such relationships are inevitable and should be expected to impact the health of small-scale societies as they become more market-integrated is less clear. Methodology: Here, using mixed-effect models, we explore the relationship between health, wealth, wealth inequality and health inequalities in a small-scale foraging population from the Philippines, the Agta. Results: Across 11 camps, we find small to moderate degrees of wealth inequality (maximal Gini Coefficient 0.44) which is highest in the most permanent camps, where individuals engage more heavily in the formal market. However, in both adults ( Conclusions and implications: We interpret these results in the light of high levels of cooperation among the Agta which may buffer against the detrimental effects of wealth inequality documented in industrial and post-industrial societies. We observe little intergenerational wealth transmission, highlighting the fluid nature of wealth, and thus wealth inequality, particularly in mobile communities. The deterioration of nutritional status, as indicated by red blood cell counts, requires further investigation before concluding the Agta's extensive cooperation networks may be beginning to breakdown in the face of increasing inequality.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2684837-5
ISSN	2050-6201
ISSN	2050-6201
DOI	10.1093/emph/eoad015
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Article ; Online: Who cares for women with children? Crossing the bridge between disciplines.

Emmott, Emily H / Myers, Sarah / Page, Abigail E

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences

2021 Volume 376, Issue 1827, Page(s) 20200019

Abstract: It has long been acknowledged that women with children require social support to promote their health and wellbeing, as well as that of their children. However, the dominant conceptualizations of support have been heavily influenced by Western family ... ...

Abstract	It has long been acknowledged that women with children require social support to promote their health and wellbeing, as well as that of their children. However, the dominant conceptualizations of support have been heavily influenced by Western family norms. The consequence, at best, has been to stifle our understanding of the nature and consequences of support for mothers and children. At worst, it has led to systematic discrimination negatively impacting maternal-child health. To fully engage with the complexities of social support, we must take multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary approaches spanning diverse cultural and geographical perspectives. However, multidisciplinary knowledge-processing can be challenging, and it is often unclear how different studies from different disciplines relate. To address this, we outline two epistemological frameworks-the scientific approach and Tinbergen's four questions-that can be useful tools in connecting research across disciplines. In this theme issue on 'Multidisciplinary perspectives on social support and maternal-child health', we attempt to foster multidisciplinary thinking by presenting work from a diverse range of disciplines, populations and cultures. Our hope is that these tools, along with papers in this issue, help to build a holistic understanding of social support and its consequences for mothers and their children. Overall, a multidisciplinary perspective points to how the responsibility of childrearing should not fall solely onto mothers. Indeed, this multidisciplinary issue demonstrates that successful childrearing is consistently an activity shared beyond the mother and the nuclear family: an insight that is crucial to harnessing the potential of social support to improve maternal-child health. This article is part of the theme issue 'Multidisciplinary perspectives on social support and maternal-child health'.
MeSH term(s)	Child Health ; Humans ; Maternal Health ; Mothers/psychology ; Mothers/statistics & numerical data ; Social Support
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Introductory Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	208382-6
ISSN	1471-2970 ; 0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
ISSN (online)	1471-2970
ISSN	0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
DOI	10.1098/rstb.2020.0019
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Article ; Online: Testing the buffering hypothesis: Breastfeeding problems, cessation, and social support in the UK.

Page, Abigail E / Emmott, Emily H / Myers, Sarah

American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council

2021 Volume 34, Issue 2, Page(s) e23621

Abstract: Objectives: Physical breastfeeding problems can lead women to terminate breastfeeding earlier than planned. In high-income countries such as the UK, breastfeeding problems have been attributed to the cultural and individual "inexperience" of ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Physical breastfeeding problems can lead women to terminate breastfeeding earlier than planned. In high-income countries such as the UK, breastfeeding problems have been attributed to the cultural and individual "inexperience" of breastfeeding, ultimately leading to lower breastfeeding rates. Yet, cross-cultural evidence suggests breastfeeding problems still occur in contexts where breastfeeding is common, prolonged, and seen publicly. This suggests breastfeeding problems are not unusual and do not necessarily lead to breastfeeding cessation. As humans evolved to raise children cooperatively, what matters for breastfeeding continuation may be the availability of social support during the postnatal period. Here, we test the hypothesis that social support buffers mothers from the negative impact breastfeeding problems have on duration. Methods: We run Cox models on a sample of 565 UK mothers who completed a retrospective online survey about infant feeding and social support in 2017-2018. Results: Breastfeeding problems were important predictors of cessation; however, the direction of the effect was dependent on the problem type and type of support from a range of supporters. Helpful support for discomfort issues (blocked ducts, too much milk) was significantly associated with reduced hazards of cessation, as predicted. However, helpful support for reported milk insufficiency was assoicated with an increased hazard of cessation. Conclusions: Experiencing breastfeeding problems is the norm, but its impact may be mitigated via social support. Working from an interdisciplinary approach, our results highlight that a wide range of supporters who provide different types of support have potential to influence maternal breastfeeding experience.
MeSH term(s)	Breast Feeding ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Mothers ; Retrospective Studies ; Social Support ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United Kingdom
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1025339-7
ISSN	1520-6300 ; 1042-0533
ISSN (online)	1520-6300
ISSN	1042-0533
DOI	10.1002/ajhb.23621
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Article ; Online: Sedentarization and maternal childcare networks: role of risk, gender and demography.

Page, Abigail E / Migliano, Andrea B / Dyble, Mark / Major-Smith, Daniel / Viguier, Sylvain / Hassan, Anushé

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences

2022 Volume 378, Issue 1868, Page(s) 20210435

Abstract: Women cooperate over multiple domains and while research from western contexts portrays women's networks as limited in size and breadth, women receive help, particularly with childcare, from a diverse range of individuals (allomothers). Nonetheless, ... ...

Abstract	Women cooperate over multiple domains and while research from western contexts portrays women's networks as limited in size and breadth, women receive help, particularly with childcare, from a diverse range of individuals (allomothers). Nonetheless, little exploration has occurred into why we see such diversity. Wide maternal childcare networks may be a consequence of a lack of resource accumulation in mobile hunter-gatherers-where instead households rely on risk-pooling in informal insurance networks. By contrast, when households settle and accumulate resources, they are able to
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Child Care ; Child Health ; Grandparents ; Mothers ; Family Characteristics
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	208382-6
ISSN	1471-2970 ; 0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
ISSN (online)	1471-2970
ISSN	0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
DOI	10.1098/rstb.2021.0435
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Article ; Online: Relatedness within and between Agta residential groups.

Dyble, Mark / Migliano, Andrea Bamberg / Page, Abigail E / Smith, Daniel

Evolutionary human sciences

2021 Volume 3, Page(s) e49

Abstract: Theoretical models relating to the evolution of human behaviour usually make assumptions about the kinship structure of social groups. Since humans were hunter-gatherers for most of our evolutionary history, data on the composition of contemporary hunter- ...

Abstract	Theoretical models relating to the evolution of human behaviour usually make assumptions about the kinship structure of social groups. Since humans were hunter-gatherers for most of our evolutionary history, data on the composition of contemporary hunter-gatherer groups has long been used to inform these models. Although several papers have taken a broad view of hunter-gatherer social organisation, it is also useful to explore data from single populations in more depth. Here, we describe patterns of relatedness among the Palanan Agta, hunter-gatherers from the northern Philippines. Across 271 adults, mean relatedness to adults across the population is
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2513-843X
ISSN (online)	2513-843X
DOI	10.1017/ehs.2021.46
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Article ; Online: Typologies of postnatal support and breastfeeding at two months in the UK: Response to comments by Harpur & Haddon.

Emmott, Emily H / Page, Abigail E / Myers, Sarah

Social science & medicine (1982)

2020 Volume 252, Page(s) 112944

Abstract: We welcome the comments by Harpur and Haddon (2020) on our paper on the typologies of social support and its associations with breastfeeding at two months in a UK sample. We share their concerns around the under-acknowledged costs of breastfeeding, and ... ...

Abstract	We welcome the comments by Harpur and Haddon (2020) on our paper on the typologies of social support and its associations with breastfeeding at two months in a UK sample. We share their concerns around the under-acknowledged costs of breastfeeding, and the need for a truly family-centred approach to breastfeeding support. However, they are mistaken to assume we do not view breastfeeding problems as an important cost of breastfeeding: We explicitly comment on breastfeeding challenges within our paper, and such challenges are theoretically incorporated into the "costs of breastfeeding" following an evolutionary anthropological framework. They are also incorrect in their statement that we recommend breastfeeding promotion messages to wider family members. In fact, we outline in our manuscript that breastfeeding promotional messages can have negative consequences for mothers, and are unlikely to be supportive. What we do suggest is a family-centred approach that recognises that women interact with, and may be supported by, a wide range of individuals (including fathers and grandmothers); and the importance of taking a nuanced approach to support without assuming that all types of support necessarily leads to "more breastfeeding." We hope our response is useful in clarifying the key points of our paper.
MeSH term(s)	Fathers ; Female ; Grandparents ; Humans ; Male ; Mothers ; Postnatal Care ; Pregnancy ; United Kingdom
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	4766-1
ISSN	1873-5347 ; 0037-7856 ; 0277-9536
ISSN (online)	1873-5347
ISSN	0037-7856 ; 0277-9536
DOI	10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112944
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Article ; Online: Typologies of postnatal support and breastfeeding at two months in the UK.

Emmott, Emily H / Page, Abigail E / Myers, Sarah

Social science & medicine (1982)

2020 Volume 246, Page(s) 112791

Abstract: There is extensive evidence to suggest that social support improves breastfeeding outcomes. Building on this evidence-base, public health services and interventions aiming to improve breastfeeding rates have primarily targeted informational and emotional ...

Abstract	There is extensive evidence to suggest that social support improves breastfeeding outcomes. Building on this evidence-base, public health services and interventions aiming to improve breastfeeding rates have primarily targeted informational and emotional support to mothers, reflecting an individual behaviour-change approach. However, mothers exist within a wider social network, and the characteristics of their broader support networks may be an important predictor of breastfeeding outcomes. Here we explore the typologies of postnatal support for mothers in the UK; a population with one of the lowest breastfeeding rates in Europe. Using retrospective data from an online survey (data collection period December 2017 - February 2018), we carry out a latent class regression (n = 432) to identify "clusters" of postnatal support in our data. Mothers in our sample were most likely to report receiving practical and emotional support from partners and maternal grandmothers, and breastfeeding information from health professionals. We identify three distinct typologies of postnatal support: 1) Extensive support, where mothers received support from a wide range of supporters including partners, maternal grandmothers, friends and health professionals, but mothers were the only ones to feed the infant; 2) Family support, where mothers received support from partners and maternal grandmothers, including with infant feeding, but less likely to receive support from health professionals; and 3) Low support, where mothers primarily received support from partners. 94% of women with extensive support were predicted to be breastfeeding at two months, followed by 48% of mothers in the low support group, and 13% in the family support group. Our findings highlight the complexities of family support and its potential impact on breastfeeding, as well as the significance of professional support. Overall, our results hint at the potential value for health professionals to engage with wider family in order to achieve extensive support for mothers.
MeSH term(s)	Breast Feeding ; Europe ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Mothers ; Retrospective Studies ; Social Support ; United Kingdom
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	4766-1
ISSN	1873-5347 ; 0037-7856 ; 0277-9536
ISSN (online)	1873-5347
ISSN	0037-7856 ; 0277-9536
DOI	10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112791
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Article ; Online: Cooperation and partner choice among Agta hunter-gatherer children: An evolutionary developmental perspective.

Major-Smith, Daniel / Chaudhary, Nikhil / Dyble, Mark / Major-Smith, Katie / Page, Abigail E / Salali, Gul Deniz / Mace, Ruth / Migliano, Andrea B

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 4, Page(s) e0284360

Abstract: Examining development is essential for a full understanding of behaviour, including how individuals acquire traits and how adaptive evolutionary forces shape these processes. The present study explores the development of cooperative behaviour among the ... ...

Abstract	Examining development is essential for a full understanding of behaviour, including how individuals acquire traits and how adaptive evolutionary forces shape these processes. The present study explores the development of cooperative behaviour among the Agta, a Filipino hunter-gatherer population. A simple resource allocation game assessing both levels of cooperation (how much children shared) and patterns of partner choice (who they shared with) was played with 179 children between the ages of 3 and 18. Children were given five resources (candies) and for each was asked whether to keep it for themselves or share with someone else, and if so, who this was. Between-camp variation in children's cooperative behaviour was substantial, and the only strong predictor of children's cooperation was the average level of cooperation among adults in camp; that is, children were more cooperative in camps where adults were more cooperative. Neither age, sex, relatedness or parental levels of cooperation were strongly associated with the amount children shared. Children preferentially shared with close kin (especially siblings), although older children increasingly shared with less-related individuals. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding cross-cultural patterns of children's cooperation, and broader links with human cooperative childcare and life history evolution.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Asian People ; Camping ; Child Health ; Cooperative Behavior ; Siblings
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0284360
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Article ; Online: Post-marital residence patterns and the timing of reproduction: evidence from a matrilineal society.

Du, Juan / Huang, Yaming / Bai, Peng-Peng / Zhou, Liqiong / Myers, Sarah / Page, Abigail E / Mace, Ruth

Proceedings. Biological sciences

2023 Volume 290, Issue 1995, Page(s) 20230159

Abstract: Humans exhibit a broad range of post-marital residence patterns and there is growing recognition that post-marital residence predicts women's reproductive success; however, the nature of the relationship is probably dependent on whether co-resident kin ... ...

Abstract	Humans exhibit a broad range of post-marital residence patterns and there is growing recognition that post-marital residence predicts women's reproductive success; however, the nature of the relationship is probably dependent on whether co-resident kin are cooperators or competitors. Here, we explore this relationship in a Tibetan population, where couples practice a mixture of post-marital residence patterns, co-residing in the same village with the wife's parents, the husband's parents or endogamously with both sets of parents. Using detailed demographic data from 17 villages we find that women who live with only their own parents have an earlier age at first birth (AFB) and age at last birth (ALB) than women who live with only their parents-in-law. Women who co-reside with both sets of parents have the earliest AFB and ALB. However, those with co-resident older siblings postponed reproduction, suggestive of competition-related delay. Shifts to earlier reproductive timing were also observed in relation to the imposition of family planning policies, in line with Fisherian expectations. Our study provides evidence of the costs and benefits to women's direct fitness of co-residing with different kin, against a backdrop of adaptive responses to cultural constraints on completed fertility.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Family Characteristics ; Marriage ; Reproduction ; Fertility
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	209242-6
ISSN	1471-2954 ; 0080-4649 ; 0962-8452 ; 0950-1193
ISSN (online)	1471-2954
ISSN	0080-4649 ; 0962-8452 ; 0950-1193
DOI	10.1098/rspb.2023.0159
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