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  1. Article: Hypercytokinemia and Pathogen-Host Interaction in COVID-19.

    Badawi, Alaa

    Journal of inflammation research

    2020  Volume 13, Page(s) 255–261

    Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV)-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus identified as the cause of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) that began in Wuhan, China in late 2019 and spread now in 210 countries and territories around ...

    Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV)-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus identified as the cause of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) that began in Wuhan, China in late 2019 and spread now in 210 countries and territories around the world. Many people are asymptomatic or with mild symptoms. However, in some cases (usually the elderly and those with comorbidities) the disease may progress to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi-organ dysfunction that can lead to death. Such wide interindividual differences in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection may relate to several pathogen- and host-related factors. These include the different levels of the ubiquitously present human angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors gene expression and its variant alleles, the different binding affinities of ACE2 to the virus spike (S) protein given its L- and S-subtypes and the subsequent extent of innate immunity-related hypercytokinemia. The extensive synthesis of cytokines and chemokines in coronavirus diseases was suggested as a major factor in exacerbating lung damage and other fatal complications. The polymorphisms in genes coding for pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines have been associated with mediating the response and susceptibility to a wide range of infections and their severe outcomes. Understanding the nature of pathogen-host interaction in COVID-19 symptomatology together with the role of hypercytokinemia in disease severity may permit developing new avenues of approach for prevention and treatment and can delineate public health measures to control the spread of the disease.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-23
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2494878-0
    ISSN 1178-7031
    ISSN 1178-7031
    DOI 10.2147/JIR.S259096
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  2. Article ; Online: Hypercytokinemia and Pathogen–Host Interaction in COVID-19

    Badawi, Alaa

    2020  

    Abstract: ... West, Toronto, ON M5V 3L7, CanadaEmail alaa.badawi@canada.caAbstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome ... Alaa Badawi1,2 1Public Health Risk Sciences Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto ... ON, CanadaCorrespondence: Alaa BadawiPublic Health Risk Sciences Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, 180 Queen Street ...

    Abstract Alaa Badawi1,2 1Public Health Risk Sciences Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada; 2Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaCorrespondence: Alaa BadawiPublic Health Risk Sciences Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, 180 Queen Street West, Toronto, ON M5V 3L7, CanadaEmail alaa.badawi@canada.caAbstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV)-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus identified as the cause of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) that began in Wuhan, China in late 2019 and spread now in 210 countries and territories around the world. Many people are asymptomatic or with mild symptoms. However, in some cases (usually the elderly and those with comorbidities) the disease may progress to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi-organ dysfunction that can lead to death. Such wide interindividual differences in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection may relate to several pathogen- and host-related factors. These include the different levels of the ubiquitously present human angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors gene expression and its variant alleles, the different binding affinities of ACE2 to the virus spike (S) protein given its L- and S-subtypes and the subsequent extent of innate immunity-related hypercytokinemia. The extensive synthesis of cytokines and chemokines in coronavirus diseases was suggested as a major factor in exacerbating lung damage and other fatal complications. The polymorphisms in genes coding for pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines have been associated with mediating the response and susceptibility to a wide range of infections and their severe outcomes. Understanding the nature of pathogen–host interaction in COVID-19 symptomatology together with the role of hypercytokinemia in disease severity may permit developing new avenues of approach for prevention and treatment and can delineate public health measures to control the spread of the disease.Keywords: SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, hypercytokinemia
    Keywords Journal of Inflammation Research ; covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-23
    Publisher Dove Press
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
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  3. Article ; Online: Hypercytokinemia and Pathogen–Host Interaction in COVID-19

    Badawi, Alaa

    Journal of Inflammation Research

    2020  Volume Volume 13, Page(s) 255–261

    Keywords Immunology ; Immunology and Allergy ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Informa UK Limited
    Publishing country uk
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2494878-0
    ISSN 1178-7031
    ISSN 1178-7031
    DOI 10.2147/jir.s259096
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article: Hypercytokinemia and pathogen–host interaction in covid-19

    Badawi, Alaa

    J. Inflamm. Res.

    Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV)-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus identified as the cause of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) that began in Wuhan, China in late 2019 and spread now in 210 countries and territories around ...

    Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV)-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus identified as the cause of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) that began in Wuhan, China in late 2019 and spread now in 210 countries and territories around the world. Many people are asymptomatic or with mild symptoms. However, in some cases (usually the elderly and those with comorbidities) the disease may progress to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi-organ dysfunction that can lead to death. Such wide interindividual differences in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection may relate to several pathogen-and host-related factors. These include the different levels of the ubiquitously present human angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors gene expression and its variant alleles, the different binding affinities of ACE2 to the virus spike (S) protein given its L-and S-subtypes and the subsequent extent of innate immunity-related hypercytokinemia. The extensive synthesis of cytokines and chemokines in coronavirus diseases was suggested as a major factor in exacerbating lung damage and other fatal complications. The polymorphisms in genes coding for pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines have been associated with mediating the response and susceptibility to a wide range of infections and their severe outcomes. Understanding the nature of pathogen–host interaction in COVID-19 symptomatology together with the role of hypercytokinemia in disease severity may permit developing new avenues of approach for prevention and treatment and can delineate public health measures to control the spread of the disease.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #625103
    Database COVID19

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  5. Article: Obesity and Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis: A Population-Based Survey.

    Badawi, Alaa / Liu, Christina J

    Infectious diseases

    2021  Volume 14, Page(s) 1178633721994607

    Abstract: Objective: Diminution in body weight is a known risk factor that increases the burden of active tuberculosis (TB). However, conflicting evidence exists for the effect of body weight on the risk of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). The objective of ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Diminution in body weight is a known risk factor that increases the burden of active tuberculosis (TB). However, conflicting evidence exists for the effect of body weight on the risk of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). The objective of the present study is to examine the prevalence of LTBI at different body weights, evaluate the extent of association between body mass index (BMI) and LTBI and identify factors mediating this relationship in an adult population.
    Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate the relationship between BMI and LTBI in participants from the US-National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; 2012, n = 5156; 514 with LTBI and 4642 controls).
    Results: The association between BMI and levels of cardiometabolic risk markers in both LTBI and control groups had a similar profile. When adjusted for age and sex, BMI was significantly inversely correlated with the prevalence of LTBI (
    Conclusion: This study further establishes an inverse relationship between BMI and prevalence of LTBI. Decreased BMI can be considered as a risk factor in LTBI, the reservoir for active TB cases.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2551443-X
    ISSN 1178-6337
    ISSN 1178-6337
    DOI 10.1177/1178633721994607
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  6. Article: Comparative profile for COVID-19 cases from China and North America: Clinical symptoms, comorbidities and disease biomarkers.

    Badawi, Alaa / Vasileva, Denitsa

    World journal of clinical cases

    2021  Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 118–132

    Abstract: Background: Large inter-individual and inter-population differences in the susceptibility to and outcome of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been noted. Understanding these differences and how ... ...

    Abstract Background: Large inter-individual and inter-population differences in the susceptibility to and outcome of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been noted. Understanding these differences and how they influence vulnerability to infection and disease severity is critical to public health intervention.
    Aim: To analyze and compare the profile of COVID-19 cases between China and North America as two regions that differ in many environmental, host and healthcare factors related to disease risk.
    Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis to examine and compare demographic information, clinical symptoms, comorbidities, disease severity and levels of disease biomarkers of COVID-19 cases from clinical studies and data from China (105 studies) and North America (19 studies).
    Results: COVID-19 patients from North America were older than their Chinese counterparts and with higher male: Female ratio. Fever, cough, fatigue and dyspnea were the most common clinical symptoms in both study regions (present in about 30% to 75% of the cases in both regions). Meta-analysis for the prevalence of comorbidities (such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, and chronic kidney diseases) in COVID-19 patients were all significantly more prevalent in North America compared to China. Comorbidities were positively correlated with age but at a significantly younger age range in China compared to North American. The most prevalent infection outcome was acute respiratory distress syndrome which was 2-fold more frequent in North America than in China. Levels of C-reactive protein were 4.5-fold higher in the North American cases than in cases from China.
    Conclusion: The differences in the profile of COVID-19 cases from China and North America may relate to differences in environmental-, host- and healthcare-related factors between the two regions. Such inter-population differences-together with intra-population variability-underline the need to characterize the effect of health inequities and inequalities on public health response to COVID-19 and can assist in preparing for the re-emergence of the epidemic.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2307-8960
    ISSN 2307-8960
    DOI 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i1.118
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  7. Article: The Potential of Omics Technologies in Lyme Disease Biomarker Discovery and Early Detection.

    Badawi, Alaa

    Infectious diseases and therapy

    2016  Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) 85–102

    Abstract: Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most prevalent arthropod-borne infectious disease in North America and many countries of the temperate Northern Hemisphere. It is associated with local and systemic manifestations and has persistent post-treatment health ... ...

    Abstract Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most prevalent arthropod-borne infectious disease in North America and many countries of the temperate Northern Hemisphere. It is associated with local and systemic manifestations and has persistent post-treatment health complications in some individuals. Innate and acquired immunity-related inflammation is likely to play a critical role in both host defense against Borrelia burgdorferi and disease severity. Large-scale analytical approaches to quantify gene expression (transcriptomics), proteins (proteomics) and metabolites (metabolomics) in LB have recently emerged with a potential to advance the development of disease biomarkers in early, disseminated and posttreatment disease stages. These technologies may permit defining the disease stage and facilitate its early detection to improve diagnosis. They will also likely allow elucidating the underlying molecular pathways to aid in identifying molecular targets for therapy. This article reviews the findings within the field of omics relevant to LB and its prospective utility in developing an array of biomarkers that can be employed in LB diagnosis and detection particularly at the early disease stages.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-11-29
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2701611-0
    ISSN 2193-6382 ; 2193-8229
    ISSN (online) 2193-6382
    ISSN 2193-8229
    DOI 10.1007/s40121-016-0138-6
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  8. Article ; Online: Maternal infection with Zika virus and prevalence of congenital disorders in infants: systematic review and meta-analysis.

    Nithiyanantham, Saiee F / Badawi, Alaa

    Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique

    2019  Volume 110, Issue 5, Page(s) 638–648

    Abstract: Objective: Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is a vector-borne disease that can be transmitted sexually and vertically. The vertical transmission of the virus may lead to congenital Zika syndrome in infants. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is a vector-borne disease that can be transmitted sexually and vertically. The vertical transmission of the virus may lead to congenital Zika syndrome in infants. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of published reports documenting the prevalence of congenital Zika-related disorders in infants of mothers infected with ZIKV during pregnancy.
    Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search in Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid MEDLINE (R) Epub ahead of print, Embase, Embase Classic and Web of Science databases to identify human studies reporting prevalence of congenital disorders in infants of ZIKV-infected mothers.
    Results: We identified 25 reports selected for inclusion in the current study (n = 4683 subjects). The majority of the studies were from South American high-risk countries. Only one third of the identified studies were conducted in the United States. Clinical maternal symptoms included maculopapular rash (76.9%), arthralgia (46.4%), fever (45.5%) and headache (31.8%) with myalgia and conjunctivitis only presented in 25% of the cases. The most prevalent congenital disorder in the newborns was brain calcifications (42.6; 95% CI, 30.8-54.4), followed by ventriculomegaly (21.8; 95% CI, 15.2-28.4), joint abnormalities (13.2; 95% CI, 9.4-18.2), ocular abnormalities (4.2; 95% CI, 1.0-7.5) and microcephaly (3.9; 95% CI, 2.4-5.4).
    Conclusion: The current study highlights the high prevalence of a range of congenital disorders in newborns of mothers infected with ZIKV. It warrants developing studies to further clarify the mechanisms by which each of these disorders occurs in response to the viral infection during pregnancy and its vertical transmission to the infants.
    MeSH term(s) Congenital Abnormalities/epidemiology ; Congenital Abnormalities/virology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology ; Prevalence ; Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-05-10
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 417262-0
    ISSN 1920-7476 ; 0008-4263
    ISSN (online) 1920-7476
    ISSN 0008-4263
    DOI 10.17269/s41997-019-00215-2
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  9. Article ; Online: Graphene Oxide/Polyvinyl Alcohol–Formaldehyde Composite Loaded by Pb Ions

    Alaa Fahmy / Badawi Anis / Paulina Szymoniak / Korinna Altmann / Andreas Schönhals

    Polymers, Vol 14, Iss 2303, p

    Structure and Electrochemical Performance

    2022  Volume 2303

    Abstract: An immobilization of graphene oxide (GO) into a matrix of polyvinyl formaldehyde (PVF) foam as an eco-friendly, low cost, superior, and easily recovered sorbent of Pb ions from an aqueous solution is described. The relationships between the structure and ...

    Abstract An immobilization of graphene oxide (GO) into a matrix of polyvinyl formaldehyde (PVF) foam as an eco-friendly, low cost, superior, and easily recovered sorbent of Pb ions from an aqueous solution is described. The relationships between the structure and electrochemical properties of PVF/GO composite with implanted Pb ions are discussed for the first time. The number of alcohol groups decreased by 41% and 63% for PVF/GO and the PVF/GO/Pb composite, respectively, compared to pure PVF. This means that chemical bonds are formed between the Pb ions and the PVF/GO composite based on the OH groups. This bond formation causes an increase in the T g values attributed to the formation of a strong surface complexation between adjacent layers of PVF/GO composite. The conductivity increases by about 2.8 orders of magnitude compared to the values of the PVF/GO/Pb composite compared to the PVF. This means the presence of Pb ions is the main factor for enhancing the conductivity where the conduction mechanism is changed from ionic for PVF to electronic conduction for PVF/GO and PVF/GO/Pb.
    Keywords graphene oxide ; polyvinyl formaldehyde ; lead ions ; dynamic mobility ; conductivity ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
    Subject code 540
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
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  10. Article ; Online: Graphene Oxide/Polyvinyl Alcohol-Formaldehyde Composite Loaded by Pb Ions: Structure and Electrochemical Performance.

    Fahmy, Alaa / Anis, Badawi / Szymoniak, Paulina / Altmann, Korinna / Schönhals, Andreas

    Polymers

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 11

    Abstract: An immobilization of graphene oxide (GO) into a matrix of polyvinyl formaldehyde (PVF) foam as an eco-friendly, low cost, superior, and easily recovered sorbent of Pb ions from an aqueous solution is described. The relationships between the structure and ...

    Abstract An immobilization of graphene oxide (GO) into a matrix of polyvinyl formaldehyde (PVF) foam as an eco-friendly, low cost, superior, and easily recovered sorbent of Pb ions from an aqueous solution is described. The relationships between the structure and electrochemical properties of PVF/GO composite with implanted Pb ions are discussed for the first time. The number of alcohol groups decreased by 41% and 63% for PVF/GO and the PVF/GO/Pb composite, respectively, compared to pure PVF. This means that chemical bonds are formed between the Pb ions and the PVF/GO composite based on the OH groups. This bond formation causes an increase in the T
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-06
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2527146-5
    ISSN 2073-4360 ; 2073-4360
    ISSN (online) 2073-4360
    ISSN 2073-4360
    DOI 10.3390/polym14112303
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