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  1. Article: Time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay of plasma and urine O-desmethylangolensin.

    L'homme, Rafaëlla / Brouwers, Elke / Al-Maharik, Nawaf / Lapcík, O / Hampl, R / Mikola, Heikki / Wähälä, K / Adlercreutz, Herman

    The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology

    2002  Volume 81, Issue 4-5, Page(s) 353–361

    Abstract: We present a method for the determination of the phytoestrogen metabolite O-desmethylangolensin (O ... DMA) in plasma (serum) and in urine. O-DMA is a metabolite of daidzein, which occurs in soybeans ... using a europium chelate as a label. After the synthesis of 4"-O-carboxymethyl-O-DMA, this compound is ...

    Abstract We present a method for the determination of the phytoestrogen metabolite O-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA) in plasma (serum) and in urine. O-DMA is a metabolite of daidzein, which occurs in soybeans. It has been suggested that isoflavones may afford protection against breast and prostate cancer and therefore, also the metabolites are of interest. The method is based on time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TR-FIA) using a europium chelate as a label. After the synthesis of 4"-O-carboxymethyl-O-DMA, this compound is coupled to bovine serum albumin, and then used as antigen in immunization of rabbits. The tracers with the europium chelate are synthesized using the same 4"-O-derivative of the alpha-methyldeoxybenzoin. After enzymatic hydrolysis and ether extraction the immunoassay is carried out by time resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TR-FIA). Cross-reactivity was tested with angolensin, dihydrogenistein, dihydrodaidzein, equol, 6'-OH-angolensin, trans-4-OH-equol, 6'-OH-O-DMA, cis-4-OH-equol and 5-OH-equol. The antiserum cross-reacted only with angolensin. This cross-reactivity seems not to influence the results, which were highly specific. Plasma samples are hydrolyzed and extracted. Urine samples are analyzed directly after hydrolysis without extraction. The correlation coefficient between the plasma TR-FIA results and the GC-MS results was high; r value was 0.985. The correlation coefficient between the urine TR-FIA results and the GC-MS results was high over the entire range of concentrations (0-1500 nmol/l); r value was 0.976, but lower in the low concentration range (0-100 nmol/l), i.e. value was 0.631. The intra-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) for plasma O-DMA concentrations and for urine O-DMA concentrations at three different concentrations varied 2.8-7.7 and 3.0-6.0%, respectively and the inter-assay CVs varied 3.8-8.9 and 4.4-6.6%, respectively. The working range of the plasma and urine O-DMA assays was 0.5-512 nmol/l.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antibody Formation ; Cross Reactions ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Fluoroimmunoassay/methods ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Humans ; Immune Sera ; Isoflavones/blood ; Isoflavones/immunology ; Isoflavones/urine ; Rabbits ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Serum Albumin, Bovine ; Glycine max
    Chemical Substances Immune Sera ; Isoflavones ; Serum Albumin, Bovine (27432CM55Q) ; O-desmethylangolensin (SCY1S10OK4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2002-07-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1049188-0
    ISSN 1879-1220 ; 0960-0760
    ISSN (online) 1879-1220
    ISSN 0960-0760
    DOI 10.1016/s0960-0760(02)00073-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Book ; Online: Random packing fraction of binary similar particles

    Brouwers, H. J. H.

    Onsager's model revisited

    2022  

    Abstract: ... polydispersity equals 2f(1 - f)X1(1 - X1)(u - 1)^2 + O((u - 1)^3), where f is the monosized packing fraction, X1 ...

    Abstract In this paper, the binary random packing fraction of similar particles with size ratios ranging from unity to well over 2 is studied. The classic excluded volume model for spherocylinders and cylinders proposed by Onsager [1] is revisited to derive an asymptotically correct expression for these binary packings. From a Taylor series expansion, it follows that the packing fraction increase by binary polydispersity equals 2f(1 - f)X1(1 - X1)(u - 1)^2 + O((u - 1)^3), where f is the monosized packing fraction, X1 is the number fraction of a component, and u is the size ratio of the two particles. This equation is in excellent agreement with the semi-empirical expression provided by Mangelsdorf and Washington [2] for random close packing (RCP) of spheres. Combining both approaches, a generic explicit equation for the bidisperse packing fraction is proposed, which is applicable to size ratios well above 2. This expression is extensively compared with computer simulations of the random close packing of binary spherocylinder packings, spheres included, and random loose sphere packings (1 < u < 2). The derived generic closed-form equation appears to be in excellent agreement with the collection of computer-generated packing data using four different computer algorithms and RCP and random loose packing (RLP) compaction states. Furthermore, the present analysis yields a monodisperse packing fraction map of a wide collection of particle shapes at different compaction states. The explicit boundaries of this map appear to be in good agreement with a broad collection of random close and random loose packing data. The Appendix presents an overview of published monodisperse packing fractions of (sphero)cylinders for aspect ratios from zero to infinity, and at RLP and RCP packing configurations, and they are related to Onsager's theory.

    Comment: 48 pages, 10 figures, 13 tables
    Keywords Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter
    Subject code 612
    Publishing date 2022-09-20
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: 24 Hours Ex-vivo Hypothermic Acellular Perfusion of Porcine Forelimb: A 7-day Follow-up Study.

    Brouwers, Kaj / Kruit, Anne Sophie / van Midden, Dominique / Zegers, Her J H / Doorduin, Jonne / Koers, Erik / Hummelink, Stefan / Ulrich, Dietmar J O

    Plastic and reconstructive surgery

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: One of the limiting factors for vascularized composite allograft (VCA) storage is the short viable ischemic time (4-6 hours). Hypothermic machine perfusion (MP) enables near-physiological preservation, avoiding the deleterious effects of ... ...

    Abstract Background: One of the limiting factors for vascularized composite allograft (VCA) storage is the short viable ischemic time (4-6 hours). Hypothermic machine perfusion (MP) enables near-physiological preservation, avoiding the deleterious effects of hypoxia and static cooling. This study aims to compare muscle injury after 24-hour acellular perfusion with static cold storage (SCS) in a porcine limb replantation model, examining outcomes for up to 7 days after reperfusion.
    Methods: Sixteen procured porcine forelimbs were perfused hypothermic for 24 hours with Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutarate (HTK, n=8) or preserved on ice for 4 hours (SCS, n=8) before orthotopic replantation. Muscle injury was assessed using biochemical markers and muscle biopsies were analyzed using the Histologic Injury Severity Score (HISS).
    Results: During preservation, limb weight decreased by 2% in the SCS group and increased by 44% in the perfusion group (p<0.001). Twelve limbs (HTK, n=6; SCS, n=6) survived for 7 days. Three days after replantation, increased creatinine kinase levels were observed in the perfusion group (33781 mmol/liter versus 2163 mmol/liter; p<0.001). Mean endpoint HISS was 3.8 (SD 0.7) in the perfusion group and 1.8 (SD 0.7) in the SCS group (p=0.008), mostly due to increased edema (p=0.004).
    Conclusion: 24 hours of hypothermic MP and 4 hours of SCS of VCA demonstrated both minimal degenerated muscle tissue seven days after replantation.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208012-6
    ISSN 1529-4242 ; 0032-1052 ; 0096-8501
    ISSN (online) 1529-4242
    ISSN 0032-1052 ; 0096-8501
    DOI 10.1097/PRS.0000000000011469
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Management of free flap salvage using thrombolytic drugs: A systematic review.

    Brouwers, Kaj / Kruit, Anne Sophie / Hummelink, Stefan / Ulrich, Dietmar J O

    Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS

    2020  Volume 73, Issue 10, Page(s) 1806–1814

    Abstract: Background: Microvascular free tissue transfer is a reliable method for reconstructive surgery. However, pedicle thrombosis remains a serious complication following free tissue transfer as no consensus has been reached on the optimal management of ... ...

    Abstract Background: Microvascular free tissue transfer is a reliable method for reconstructive surgery. However, pedicle thrombosis remains a serious complication following free tissue transfer as no consensus has been reached on the optimal management of failing flaps. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the current evidence on the use of thrombolytic drugs and their effects on microvascular flap salvage rates.
    Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using Medline, Embase, and, PubMed databases to identify scientific literature published between January 1987 and January 2019. This systematic review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Articles of English language studies reporting on free flap salvage procedures or protocols using thrombolytic drugs were included and reviewed by one author.
    Results: Of 105 articles screened, 27 studies and case reports were included and qualified for data extraction. Overall, the level of evidence of the current literature is low. Thirteen retrospective studies tried to demonstrate a systemic approach for thrombolysis in flap salvage. The other 14 case reports presented clinical use of thrombolytic drugs to salvage free flaps. None of the thrombolytic agents presented had superior salvage outcomes.
    Conclusion: A review on the current literature did not provide satisfactory and consistent evidence for the optimal management of patients with microvascular thrombosis, since no consensus has been reached on the optimal management of failing flaps. Prospective randomized studies are needed regarding their indications, dosages, and methods of administration, efficacy, and safety.
    MeSH term(s) Fibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use ; Free Tissue Flaps/blood supply ; Humans ; Postoperative Complications/drug therapy ; Thrombosis/drug therapy
    Chemical Substances Fibrinolytic Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-25
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 2217750-4
    ISSN 1878-0539 ; 1748-6815 ; 0007-1226
    ISSN (online) 1878-0539
    ISSN 1748-6815 ; 0007-1226
    DOI 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.05.057
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Association between de novo lipogenesis susceptibility genes and coronary artery disease.

    Simons, Pomme I H G / Valkenburg, Olivier / Stehouwer, Coen D A / Brouwers, Martijn C G J

    Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD

    2022  Volume 32, Issue 12, Page(s) 2883–2889

    Abstract: Background and aims: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the principal cause of death in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study was to use genetic epidemiology to study the association between de novo lipogenesis ( ...

    Abstract Background and aims: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the principal cause of death in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study was to use genetic epidemiology to study the association between de novo lipogenesis (DNL), one of the major pathways leading to NAFLD, and CAD risk.
    Methods and results: DNL susceptibility genes were used as instruments and selected using three approaches: 1) genes that are associated with both high serum triglycerides and low sex hormone-binding globulin, both downstream consequences of DNL (unbiased approach), 2) genes that have a known role in DNL (biased approach), and 3) genes that have been associated with serum fatty acids, used as a proxy of DNL. Gene-CAD effect estimates were retrieved from the meta-analysis of CARDIoGRAM and the UK Biobank (∼76014 cases and ∼264785 controls). Effect estimates were clustered using a fixed-effects meta-analysis. Twenty-two DNL susceptibility genes were identified by the unbiased approach, nine genes by the biased approach and seven genes were associated with plasma fatty acids. Clustering of genes selected in the unbiased and biased approach showed a statistically significant association with CAD (OR:1.016, 95%CI:1.012; 1.020 and OR:1.013, 95%CI:1.007; 1.020, respectively), while clustering of fatty acid genes did not (OR:1.004, 95%CI:0.996-1.011). Subsequent exclusion of potential influential outliers did reveal a statistically significant association (OR:1.009, 95%CI:1.000; 1.018).
    Conclusions: DNL susceptibility genes are associated with an increased risk of CAD. These findings suggest that DNL may be involved in the pathogenesis of CAD and favor further development of strategies that target NAFLD through DNL.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Lipogenesis/genetics ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/diagnosis ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/epidemiology ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/genetics ; Coronary Artery Disease/diagnosis ; Coronary Artery Disease/epidemiology ; Coronary Artery Disease/genetics ; Liver/metabolism ; Fatty Acids/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Fatty Acids
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-15
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Meta-Analysis ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1067704-5
    ISSN 1590-3729 ; 0939-4753
    ISSN (online) 1590-3729
    ISSN 0939-4753
    DOI 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.09.003
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  6. Article ; Online: Tetraspanin-8 sequesters syntaxin-2 to control biphasic release propensity of mucin granules.

    Wojnacki, José / Lujan, Agustin Leonardo / Brouwers, Nathalie / Aranda-Vallejo, Carla / Bigliani, Gonzalo / Rodriguez, Maria Pena / Foresti, Ombretta / Malhotra, Vivek

    Nature communications

    2023  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 3710

    Abstract: Agonist-mediated stimulated pathway of mucin and insulin release are biphasic in which rapid fusion of pre-docked granules is followed by slow docking and fusion of granules from the reserve pool. Here, based on a cell-culture system, we show that plasma ...

    Abstract Agonist-mediated stimulated pathway of mucin and insulin release are biphasic in which rapid fusion of pre-docked granules is followed by slow docking and fusion of granules from the reserve pool. Here, based on a cell-culture system, we show that plasma membrane-located tetraspanin-8 sequesters syntaxin-2 to control mucin release. Tetraspanin-8 affects fusion of granules during the second phase of stimulated mucin release. The tetraspanin-8/syntaxin-2 complex does not contain VAMP-8, which functions with syntaxin-2 to mediate granule fusion. We suggest that by sequestering syntaxin-2, tetraspanin-8 prevents docking of granules from the reserve pool. In the absence of tetraspanin-8, more syntaxin-2 is available for docking and fusion of granules and thus doubles the quantities of mucins secreted. This principle also applies to insulin release and we suggest a cell type specific Tetraspanin/Syntaxin combination is a general mechanism regulating the fusion of dense core granules.
    MeSH term(s) Syntaxin 1/metabolism ; Islets of Langerhans/metabolism ; Insulin Secretion ; Exocytosis/physiology ; Insulin/metabolism ; Mucins/metabolism ; Cytoplasmic Granules/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Syntaxin 1 ; Insulin ; Mucins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-023-39277-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Ex Vivo Thrombolysis to Salvage Free Flaps Using Machine Perfusion: A Pilot Study in a Porcine Model.

    Brouwers, Kaj / Kruit, Anne Sophie / Koers, Erik J / Zegers, Her J H / Hummelink, Stefan / Ulrich, Dietmar J O

    Journal of reconstructive microsurgery

    2022  Volume 38, Issue 9, Page(s) 757–766

    Abstract: Background:  Mechanical evacuation of capillary thrombi in free flaps is difficult, and often requires thrombolytic therapy. Utilizing machine perfusion systems, the possibility rises to salvage free flaps ex vivo by administering high doses of ... ...

    Abstract Background:  Mechanical evacuation of capillary thrombi in free flaps is difficult, and often requires thrombolytic therapy. Utilizing machine perfusion systems, the possibility rises to salvage free flaps ex vivo by administering high doses of thrombolytic agents. The primary aim of this pilot study in a porcine model is to investigate the feasibility of ex vivo thrombolysis using an extracorporeal perfusion machine.
    Methods:  A model of stasis-induced thrombosis was used in 12 free rectus abdominis flaps harvested from six Dutch Landrace pigs. Compromised flaps were ex vivo perfused with University of Wisconsin preservation solution and treated according to the following study groups: (1) 1 mg of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) as additive, (2) 3 mg of t-PA as an additive, and (3) no thrombolytic additive. Microcirculation was assessed using near-infrared fluorescence angiography.
    Results:  Pedicled abdominal flaps were created and thrombus formation was successfully induced. Eleven abdominal flaps were perfused using the modified heart-lung machine setup. Near-infrared fluorescence angiography showed delayed or no filling was noted in the control group. In comparison, the flaps which were perfused with 1 mg t-PA or 3 mg t-PA as additive showed increased fluorescence intensity curves.
    Conclusion:  This pilot study in a porcine model presents a reliable and reproductive stasis-induced thrombosis model in free flaps. By adding t-PA to a custom-made extracorporeal perfusion system, the indocyanine green fluorescence intensity curves increased of all flaps that were perfused with different dosages of t-PA as additives, indicating restoration of capillary pressure and microcirculatory inflow.
    MeSH term(s) Swine ; Animals ; Free Tissue Flaps/blood supply ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator ; Pilot Projects ; Microcirculation ; Perfusion ; Thrombolytic Therapy ; Thrombosis/drug therapy
    Chemical Substances Tissue Plasminogen Activator (EC 3.4.21.68)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605983-1
    ISSN 1098-8947 ; 0743-684X ; 0743-684X
    ISSN (online) 1098-8947 ; 0743-684X
    ISSN 0743-684X
    DOI 10.1055/s-0042-1749341
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  8. Article ; Online: Optimisation of scan duration and image quality in oncological

    van Sluis, Joyce / Boellaard, Ronald / Dierckx, Rudi A J O / van Esch, Evelien L M / Croes, Demi A / de Ruijter, Laura Kist / van de Donk, Pim P / de Vries, Elisabeth G E / Noordzij, Walter / Brouwers, Adrienne H

    European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging

    2023  Volume 50, Issue 8, Page(s) 2258–2270

    Abstract: Purpose: Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based PET (immunoPET) imaging can characterise tumour lesions non-invasively. It may be a valuable tool to determine which patients may benefit from treatment with a specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) and evaluate ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based PET (immunoPET) imaging can characterise tumour lesions non-invasively. It may be a valuable tool to determine which patients may benefit from treatment with a specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) and evaluate treatment response. For
    Methods: Data were acquired on day 4 post 37 MBq
    Results: When images were reconstructed using 100% acquisition time on both systems following EARL standard 1 compliant reconstruction protocols, results regarding semiquantification were comparable. For Vision data, reconstructed images that conform to EARL1 standards still resulted in comparable semiquantification at shorter scan durations (75% and 50%) regarding 100% acquisition time.
    Conclusion: Scan duration of
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods ; Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Reference Standards ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Positron-Emission Tomography/methods ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Monoclonal
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-22
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 8236-3
    ISSN 1619-7089 ; 0340-6997 ; 1619-7070
    ISSN (online) 1619-7089
    ISSN 0340-6997 ; 1619-7070
    DOI 10.1007/s00259-023-06194-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Ultra-low dose CT scanning for PET/CT.

    Mostafapour, Samaneh / Greuter, Marcel / van Snick, Johannes H / Brouwers, Adrienne H / Dierckx, Rudi A J O / van Sluis, Joyce / Lammertsma, Adriaan A / Tsoumpas, Charalampos

    Medical physics

    2023  Volume 51, Issue 1, Page(s) 139–155

    Abstract: Background: The use of computed tomography (CT) for attenuation correction (AC) in whole-body PET/CT can result in a significant contribution to radiation exposure. This can become a limiting factor for reducing considerably the overall radiation ... ...

    Abstract Background: The use of computed tomography (CT) for attenuation correction (AC) in whole-body PET/CT can result in a significant contribution to radiation exposure. This can become a limiting factor for reducing considerably the overall radiation exposure of the patient when using the new long axial field of view (LAFOV) PET scanners. However, recent CT technology have introduced features such as the tin (Sn) filter, which can substantially reduce the CT radiation dose.
    Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the ultra-low dose CT for attenuation correction using the Sn filter together with other dose reduction options such as tube current (mAs) reduction. We explore the impact of dose reduction in the context of AC-CT and how it affects PET image quality.
    Methods: The study evaluated a range of ultra-low dose CT protocols using five physical phantoms that represented a broad collection of tissue electron densities. A long axial field of view (LAFOV) PET/CT scanner was used to scan all phantoms, applying various CT dose reduction parameters such as reducing tube current (mAs), increasing the pitch value, and applying the Sn filter. The effective dose resulting from the CT scans was determined using the CTDI
    Results: By incorporating the Sn filter and adjusting mAs to the lowest available value, the radiation dose in CT images of PBU-60 phantom was significantly reduced; resulting in an effective dose of nearly 2% compared to the routine low dose CT protocols currently in clinical use. The assessment of PET images using VOI and voxel-based comparisons indicated relative differences (RD%) of under 6% for mean activity concentration (AC) in the torso phantom and patient dataset and under 8% for a source point in the CIRS phantom. The maximum RD% value of AC was 14% for the point source in the CIRS phantom. Increasing the tube current from 6 mAs to 30 mAs in patients with high BMI, or with arms down, can suppress the photon starvation artifact, whilst still preserving a dose reduction of 90%.
    Conclusions: Introducing a Sn filter in CT imaging lowers radiation dose by more than 90%. This reduction has minimal effect on PET image quantification at least for patients without Body Mass Index (BMI) higher than 30. Notably, this study results need validation using a larger clinical PET/CT dataset in the future, including patients with higher BMI.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; Radiation Dosage ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods ; Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed ; Positron-Emission Tomography/methods ; Phantoms, Imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 188780-4
    ISSN 2473-4209 ; 0094-2405
    ISSN (online) 2473-4209
    ISSN 0094-2405
    DOI 10.1002/mp.16862
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  10. Article ; Online: Sex hormone-binding globulin: biomarker and hepatokine?

    Simons, Pomme I H G / Valkenburg, Olivier / Stehouwer, Coen D A / Brouwers, Martijn C G J

    Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM

    2021  Volume 32, Issue 8, Page(s) 544–553

    Abstract: Over the past decade, there have been important breakthroughs in our understanding of the regulation and function of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). A recent genome-wide association and Mendelian randomization study has provided new insights at the ... ...

    Abstract Over the past decade, there have been important breakthroughs in our understanding of the regulation and function of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). A recent genome-wide association and Mendelian randomization study has provided new insights at the population level. Thorough study of genetic variants affecting serum SHBG has identified de novo lipogenesis as one of the mechanistic links between the metabolic syndrome and reduced serum SHBG levels in humans. Furthermore, careful deduction of the Mendelian randomization results suggests a direct, causal role for SHBG in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, as a hepatokine, in women. These findings prompt the development of SHBG-raising therapies as a means to prevent or treat disorders such as type 2 diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome.
    MeSH term(s) Biomarkers ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics ; Female ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/genetics ; Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin/genetics
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers ; Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1042384-9
    ISSN 1879-3061 ; 1043-2760
    ISSN (online) 1879-3061
    ISSN 1043-2760
    DOI 10.1016/j.tem.2021.05.002
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